This study analyzed changes in the psychological health of students who were in the final year of their nursing degree during the COVID-19 pandemic and later served as nursing professionals in hospitals. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted over two periods of time (the first in April 2020 and the second 6 months later, in December 2020) with 296 students for a T0 baseline (rate response 68.83%) and 92 students for a T1 post-test sample (response rate 31.08%). The data were electronically collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and a post-traumatic stress questionnaire. The mean age of the sample participants was 24.17 years (SD = 5.51), and 89.11% were female. During the pandemic, 14.11% of students showed scores that indicated depression, and 32.61% showed scores that indicated anxiety. In December 2020, 86.5% of the participants were working as nurses, and the percentages of those with anxiety (12%) and depression (4.3%) were significantly lower than in the first sample period. A total of 20.7% of the participants had post-traumatic stress. High scores for resilience were significantly associated with better quality of life and lower levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Conclusions: Although the percentages of participants with anxiety and depression decreased, they still presented with mental health problems.

Background: Nowadays, pregnant women require more individualized attention in their assistance process during pregnancy. One of the aspects that requires the most focus is the suitability of carrying out physical activity. The objective of this meta-review is to find out the effects of physical activity during pregnancy on the incidence of GDM compared to women who do not perform physical activity. Methods: A search was conducted in Cochrane, CSIC, Ebscohost, Proquest, Pubmed, Scielo, and Scopus. The search focused on systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the last five years. The AMSTAR-2 scale was used as a quality assessment tool for the final sample. Results: A total of 18 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. Sixteen of them found out that physical activity during pregnancy has preventive effects for GDM compared with women who lacked physical activity. Among the studies, we found a reduction in the risk of GDM of between 24% and 38% and odds ratios ranging between 0.39 and 0.83 calculated for a 95% CI. Only two studies did not find statistically significant effects. Other variables such as type and duration of physical activity, overweight and obesity, gestational age, etc., were also considered. Conclusions: Physical activity prevents the incidence of GDM. The main characteristics that enhance this preventive effect are starting at the initial stages of pregnancy and maintaining during the whole pregnancy as well as combining strength and aerobic exercise at a low to moderate intensity.

Background: Dating Violence (DV) is a type of Intimate Partner Violence that occurs between young people, and they are those behaviours that cause physical, sexual or psychological harm. Objective/aim: To know the experience of university students around dating violence. Design and methods: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted through semi-structured individual interviews with nursing students’ victims of dating violence with the same starting categories. The public involve in this study were nursing students who freely agreed to participate in the interviews and gave their informed consent. Results: Eleven nursing students participated, the sample was heterogeneous for gender and sexual diversity. Obtaining results about their experience with dating violence, manifestations of dating violence and cyber violence in their relationships, consequences, formal and informal help seeking and proposals for help as nursing students, among others. Conclusion: Dating violence is a serious problem that seriously affects the victims and requires the creation of prevention programs. The experiences of university students about DV are mainly painful experiences, with serious consequences for those involved, needing help from their close environment and professional help to overcome the problems generated by their partners. Implications: It is important due to the high prevalence of this phenomenon, also among nursing students, to provide key points to future health professionals and victims of dating violence on the correct way to act against violence due to lack of knowledge on the subject. This study clarifies the experiences of dating violence and how to offer help to victims from the informal and professional sphere. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of the Health Area of Talavera de la Reina (Toledo) with code 01/2021.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of spontaneous urination stimulation techniques in infants under 1 year to obtain a clean and valid urine sample for analysis. Methods: Systematic review of randomised clinical trials. The databases consulted were PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, CINALH and the Virtual Health Library. The risk of bias was assessed via the RoB2 scale. A meta‐analysis was performed to analyse the success rate of urine collection for both techniques and the contamination rate of the urine samples. Results: Seven studies were included in this review. The participants included 1122 infants, of whom a stimulation technique was performed in 667 (the technique of Herreros et al. was performed in 419 infants, and the “Quick‐Wee” technique was performed in 248 infants). Success was measured by obtaining a midstream urine sample in less than 5 min. Urination stimulation is effective in obtaining a urine sample, especially at < 6 months of age. Conclusion: Stimulation of urination in infants is a noninvasive, fast, safe, economic and effective procedure that allows the capture of a valid urine sample in the middle of the stream for analysis.

In Spain, there are between 300,000 and 370,000 people with palliative care needs. The current challenge is to combat inequities in access to palliative care resources in rural areas through training, greater provision of material and human resources, and the involvement of health system managers. Emphasizing the role of the community nurse as the main exponent of care together with the role of community interventions. To determine the effectiveness of a community-based educational intervention on caregiving skills for informal caregivers in rural areas. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with a pretest-posttest design and a control group, based on an educational community intervention developed in a rural area of southeastern Spain. The participants were selected by convenience; they were informal caregivers of persons with palliative needs. A total of 80 subjects were included (40 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group). The Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS), abbreviated as the Zarit scale, quality-of-life scale (EuroQol-5D), and Goldberg Anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess the differences in scale scores. The EQUATOR checklist “Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Desings” (TREND) was used. The educational intervention significantly improved palliative care knowledge (p = 0.007), reduced anxiety/depression (p = 0.035), and increased self-perceived health (p = 0.018) in the experimental group. In addition, caregiver overload decreased, whereas these variables worsened overall in the control group. Educational intervention for caregiver knowledge of palliative care improved the health and well-being of the study participants, decreasing the anxiety and depression associated with a marked deterioration in the quality of life of both the caregiver and the patient. The implementation of workshops such as this one to improve the community health of people with palliative care needs. Not applicable.

Background/Objectives: Digestive problems are common in the general population and may be influenced by lifestyle, emotional status and diet. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of digestive problems in Spanish adults and examined associated factors. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of anonymized adult microdata from the 2023 Spanish Health Survey was performed. Data were collected using a mixed-mode design (self-administered web questionnaire with interviewer-administered follow-up). Digestive problems were recoded by combining gastric ulcer, constipation, and prescribed use of laxatives, astringent drugs, and stomach medication. Therefore, digestive problems are primarily defined as the presence of gastric ulcers, diarrhea, and/or constipation. Variables included sociodemographic, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8), World Health Organization Well Being Index (WHO-5), and macronutrient intake estimated from a Food-Frequency Questionnaire using the Spanish Food Composition Database (BEDCA). Group comparisons and multivariable logistic regression were conducted (95% CI; significance level set at p < 0.05). Results: Of 34,148 participants, 13,518 provided information on digestive problems; among these respondents, 3860 (28.6%) reported having digestive issues. Prevalence ranged from 5.2% to 36.5% among national territories. Higher odds (OR) of digestive problems were associated with age (OR 1.026, 95% CI 1.023–1.029), female sex (OR 1.168, 1.070–1.276), non-smoking (OR 1.240, 1.005–1.531) and ex-smoking (OR 1.447, 1.272–1.647) compared to current smokers, higher PHQ-8 scores (OR 1.040, 1.029–1.051), greater protein intake (OR 1.016, 1.009–1.023), consumption of sweet pastries (OR 1.058, 1.039–1.077), and dairy products (OR 1.027, 1.002–1.053); in contrast, lower odds were associated with higher WHO-5 scores (OR 0.985, 0.982–0.987), total fiber intake (OR 0.968, 0.949–0.987), and legume consumption (OR 0.894, 0.856–0.933). Conclusions: Digestive problems show considerable variability in prevalence among survey-based Spanish sample. Digestive problems were associated with older age, female sex, depressive symptoms, high-protein intake, and higher consumption of sweet pastries and dairy products, whereas higher well-being scores, higher fiber intake and legume consumption were associated with lower odds of digestive problems.