Dengue is an increasing public health challenge, with rising cases and expanding distribution. Its complex epidemiology is influenced by climate change, urbanization, and the circulation of multiple viral serotypes. This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal (2022–2024) patterns of dengue incidence across 2,471 municipalities in Mexico. Weekly case counts, obtained through the normative epidemiological surveillance system for vector-borne diseases, were used to calculate incidence rates per 100,000 population. Geographic Information Systems were employed to analyze spatial patterns, while Local Moran’s I statistic and a k-nearest neighbors spatial weights matrix identified spatial clusters. A total of 622,689 dengue cases were analyzed, with incidence rates rising from 29.4 in 2022 to 279.0 per 100,000 in 2024. Dengue transmission expanded, affecting 38.0% of municipalities in 2022 and 68.6% by 2024 ( p < 0.001). Spatial clustering also increased, with positive clusters increasing from 28 municipalities in 2022–98 in both 2023 and 2024. Moran’s I values indicated a peak in spatial autocorrelation in 2023 (I = 0.57). While DENV-2 was the predominant serotype in 2022, DENV-3 became dominant in 2023 and 2024. Over time, high-incidence areas shifted from southern and central regions to the southeast and Pacific coast. These findings suggest the growing burden of dengue in Mexico, driven by rising incidence, expanding geographic distribution, and evolving spatial patterns. A coordinated public health response is needed to mitigate the impact of dengue and prevent its spread to newly affected areas.

The Sweetwater Authority's urban runoff diversion system (URDS) comprises constructed wetlands on a hillside between the town of Spring Valley and the Sweetwater Reservoir, California, USA. The URDS were designed to divert dry-weather and first-flush urban runoff flows from the Sweetwater reservoir. However, these constructed wetlands have developed into ecologically valuable habitat. This paper evaluates the following ecological questions related to the URDS: (1) the natural development of the species present and their growth pattern; (2) the biodiversity and pollutant stress on the plants and invertebrates; and (3) the question of habitat provided for endangered species. The URDS wetlands are comprised primarily of rush (Scirpus spp.) and cattails (Typha spp.). This vegetative cover ranged from 39–78% of the area of the individual wetland ponds. Current analyses of plant tissues and wetland sediment indicates the importance of sediment sorption for metals and plant uptake of nutrients. Analyses of URDS water following runoff events show the URDS wetlands do reduce the amount of nutrients and metals in the water column. Invertebrate surveys of the wetland ponds revealed lower habitat quality and environmental stress compared to unpolluted natural habitat. The value of the wetlands as wildlife habitat is constrained by low plant biodiversity and pollution stress from the runoff. Since the primary Sweetwater Authority goal is to maintain good water quality for drinking, any secondary utilization of URDS habitat by species (endangered or otherwise) is deemed an added benefit.

In May 2023, the global health emergency status of COVID-19 concluded, marking the onset of an endemic era. This study assessed survival rates among PCR-confirmed adult inpatients during this phase and determined contributing factors. Employing a survival analysis approach, this investigation utilized a nationwide Mexican cohort encompassing 152 adult inpatients. Survival rates were computed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and a proportional Cox model identified mortality risk factors. Survival rates remained above 65% on day 14 after admission. Vaccination status, including the number of doses administered, was not significantly associated with fatal outcomes. Chronic kidney disease or a history of immunosuppression (due to any cause) increased mortality risk. Our findings underscore the persistent severity of COVID-19 beyond the global health emergency, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions for vulnerable patients.

The global health emergency caused by COVID-19 concluded in May 2023, marking the beginning of an endemic phase. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vaccination status and other patient characteristics and the risk of severe disease during this new endemic period. A nationwide cohort study was conducted in Mexico, where we analyzed data from 646 adults who had received positive confirmation of COVID-19 through PCR testing from May to August 2023. The overall risk of severe symptoms in the study sample was 5.3%. The average time elapsed from the last vaccine shot to symptom onset was over six months in all the immunized groups (1, 2 or 3 vaccine doses). Compared to unvaccinated patients, those with three vaccine doses showed an elevated risk of severe symptoms. Advancing age and various chronic comorbidities (specifically cardiovascular, kidney, and obstructive pulmonary conditions) were associated with a heightened risk of severe COVID-19 manifestations. These findings underscore the ongoing seriousness of COVID-19, even in an endemic phase, underscoring the urgent need for tailored interventions aimed at high-risk patients.