The seeds of bacupari, tucumã, and peach palm fruits have distinct characteristics that significantly influence their industrial applications and nutritional value. These seeds have slightly acidic pH levels (5.88 − 6.79), indicating the presence of organic acids. The tucumã seed, for instance, stands out with a high lipid content of 19.35 g 100 g−1, contributing to a high energy value, while the bacupari seed has low lipid levels (0.73 g 100 g−1). Bacupari seeds exhibit high antioxidant potential using the β-carotene/linoleic acid method (244% inhibition) and vitamin C (91.17 mg AA 100 g−1). There were significant variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity among the seeds analyzed. The fatty acid profile, with a predominance of saturated acids, 90.42 and 88.66%, for tucumã and peach palm oil, respectively. However, the high atherogenicity and thrombogenicity rates suggest caution in consumption. The analysis of triacylglycerol molecules in pupunha and tucumã seeds demonstrated the predominance of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols. When analyzing the acidity index throughout the storage period, a clear trend towards an increase in its results is observed. Therefore, proposing control measures is essential for its correct use.

Bauhinia ungulata L. species, belongs to the genus Bauhinia, popularly known as pata de vaca, is among the species of medicinal employ in Brazil, used to treat diabetes. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, toxicity on Artemia salina and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition by essential oil from B. ungulata L. The chromatographic analysis revealed 18 components, the majority were the β-caryophyllene (15.9%), caryophyllene oxide (9.2%), α-humulene (8.1%), epi-γ-eudesmol (7.5%), α-bisabolol (4.7%), copaene (3.5%), nerolidol (3.3%), α-bisabolol oxide B (2.5%), spathulenol (2.1%). The essential oil showed high toxicity compared to the tests with Artemia salina and inhibited 95.96%±0.62 of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The microorganisms show antimicrobial inhibition with Candida albicans (85%), Bacillus cereus (65.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (66.4%), Salmonella typhimurium (68.7%) and Citrobacter freundii (46.1%). The oil showed great potential when tested in bioassays. Key words: Volatile oil, cytotoxicity on microcrustacean, antifungal, antibacterial, neurodegenerative disease.

Background: Among major public health problems, malaria stands out as a tropical disease caused by the Plasmodium protozoan, with mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus serving as its vectors. This disease affects a significant portion of the population, with the highest incidence in the Legal Amazon, a region responsible for 99% of cases. Although vector control strategies, such as the use of chemical insecticides, are commonly employed, mosquito resistance, environmental impacts, and risks to human health are driving the search for natural alternatives, including the application of essential oils. Objectives: This study investigates the larvicidal activity of Trattinnickia burserifolia Mart. essential oil against Anopheles darlingi. Methods: The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The larvicidal assay followed WHO protocols, testing oil concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 µg mL⁻¹. Results: Efficacy was evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h to determine LC₅₀, LC₉₀, and other parameters. Chemical composition analysis revealed the presence of 40 compounds, primarily terpenes such as tricyclene, β-pinene, limonene, and α-pinene, which possess bioactive properties that contribute to vector control. The larvicidal activity test showed that LC₅₀ decreased with longer exposure times, indica ting increased efficacy over time. After 72 h, the LC₅₀ was 14.51 µg mL⁻¹, classifying the essential oil as highly effective. Conclusions: Therefore, T. burserifolia Mart. essential oil represents a promising natural alternative for malaria vector control.

Native plants from the Brazilian Amazon Biome are rich in nutrientes, oils and fats and, therefore, represent a very important regional food resource. Althoung there is a global interest in the nutritional potential of tropical fruits, the potential of Amazonian fruits as source of essential fatty acids is still under exploited, since their composition is still understudied. ¹H Magnetic Resonance Nuclear (¹H NMR) is a robust spectroscopic tool to profile fatty acids components in oils. The objectives of this work were to use ¹H NMR to determine the fatty acids profile and the physicochemical properties of crude oils and fats obtained from fruits of Brazilian Amazon: açaí, ata-brava, bacaba, buriti, buritirana, murici amarelo, murici vermelho, piaçaba braba, tucumanzinho, pupunha red and yellow varieties. Oils were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using hexane as a solvent. After solvent removal by rotoevaporation, the resulting oils and fats were analyzed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Unsaturated fatty acids oleic (ω9), linoleic (ω6) and linolenic (ω3) acids were quantified in the oils and their physicochemical properties were determined. It was observed that the oils have predominately ω9 fatty acids, followed by ω6 and ω3 representatives. The physicochemical properties confirmed edibility and good quality of oils and fats present in the aforementioned Amazonian fruits.

The Bauhinia ungulata, also known by its common name “pata de vaca”, is one of the species used in Brazil for medicinal purposes, and is commonly used for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, the authors studied the interaction between the chemical constituents which are present in the essential oil of Bauhinia ungulata (EOBU), collected in Boa Vista-RR, Legal Amazon, and their effects on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the essential oil. The analysis that we perform includes proton magnetic resonance ( 1H NMR), enzymatic inhibition, molecular docking, in silico toxicity prediction, enrichment analysis, and target prediction for biological interactions. According to the tests performed on the essential oil, it obtained 100% inhibition of the enzyme AChE. During 1H NMR experiments, it was found that α- Bisabolol, one of the main components, had a significant alteration in its chemical shift. A molecular docking analysis confirmed that this compound binds to the AChE enzyme, which confirms the 1H NMR analysis. The results of this work showed that the major component of EOBU acted as a possible inhibitor of AChE enzyme in vitro and in silico assays. These results show that EOBU could be potentially applied in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.