This editorial explores the innovative application of large language Models (LLMs) in conducting systematic reviews, specifically focusing on quality assessment and risk-of-bias evaluation. As integral components of systematic reviews, these tasks traditionally require extensive human effort, subjectivity, and time. Integrating LLMs can revolutionize this process, providing an objective, consistent, and rapid methodology for quality assessment and risk-of-bias evaluation. With their ability to comprehend context, predict semantic relationships, and extract relevant information, LLMs can effectively appraise study quality and risk of bias. However, careful consideration must be given to potential risks and limitations associated with over-reliance on machine learning models and inherent biases in training data. An optimal balance and combination between human expertise and automated LLM evaluation might offer the most effective approach to advance and streamline the field of evidence synthesis.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the CNS. Although radiation and chemotherapy, particularly high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), are effective treatments, the relapse rates remain high, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic options. Ibrutinib, an irreversible Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has shown promise in various B-cell malignancies, including CNSL. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ibrutinib in the treatment of CNSL, focusing on overall response (OR), complete response (CR), partial response (PR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases was conducted. The included studies were prospective and retrospective studies focusing on ibrutinib as monotherapy or in combination with CNSL. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers, and statistical analyses were conducted using R version 4.4.0. Fourteen studies (eight cohort studies and six clinical trials) involving 784 patients were included. The median age was 61 years, with nearly equal sex distribution. The meta-analysis for CNSL, the partial response rate was 29.52%, complete response rate was 49.19%, and overall response rate was 72.11%. For PCNSL, the partial response rate was 20.85%, complete response rate was 48.13%, and overall response rate was 66.92%. For SCNSL, the partial response rate was 29.42%, complete response rate was 44.64%, and overall response rate was 66.82%. Significant heterogeneity was observed in some comparisons. There were no significant differences in the efficacy of ibrutinib between CNSL subtypes. Ibrutinib shows promising efficacy in improving partial and complete response rates in CNSL. The substantial heterogeneity observed underscores the need for further well-designed studies to confirm these findings and explore the optimal use of ibrutinib in CNSL treatment protocols. Future trials should consider comparing ibrutinib to standard therapies and investigate its long-term efficacy and safety profile.

Introduction: Language barriers in medicine can hinder effective communication, comprehension, and patient care. While English has emerged as the dominant language in global medicine, the importance of native languages should not be overlooked. This article aims to examine the extent of publishing in native languages by analyzing the PubMed database literature to gain further insights into the usage of native languages in medicine and medical research. Methods: In December 2023, a comprehensive examination of the PubMed literature was conducted for each of the 55 registered languages. We searched for records published in each language (e.g., German[lang]) by applying language filters. Ethnologue provided data on the number of worldwide native speakers for each language, facilitating a comparative analysis. Results: By December 2023, PubMed contained over 36 million publications, with 86.5% of them published in English. German, French, and Russian came after English, with over 700 thousand publications each. Among the languages analyzed, fourteen had fewer than 50 publications, nineteen had fewer than 100, twenty-two had fewer than 500, and twenty-five had fewer than one thousand publications. European languages were well-represented with thousands of publications each, while widely spoken languages such as Hindi and Arabic had limited representation. Conclusion: The production of medical research in native languages reflects the attention given to native languages in medicine and medical education within each country. It is crucial to provide due attention to these language-related issues and explore strategies for including native languages in medicine to bridge the gaps in language and medicine.

Key Clinical Message: Hydatid cysts, primarily found in the liver (70%), are caused by parasitic infections and can lead to severe complications such as cyst rupture. This case report describes a unique instance of a hydatid liver cyst occupying the right lobe with a communicating part with the biliary tree that ruptured showing a concurrent superinfection. Hydatid cysts are a clinical pathology resulting from parasitic infections. They may occur in different organs of the body. However, these are mostly found in the liver (70%). This can cause significant complications including cyst rupture. Several case reports have described various hydatid cyst ruptures; however, only a few have reported an intra‐biliary hydatid cyst rupture. A 24‐year‐old male patient presented with right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, dark urine, and pale stool. Imaging studies, including Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT), revealed a beavertail liver, cystobiliary communication and intrahepatic biliary tree‐ruptured hydatid cysts. The cyst was in the right liver lobe, which is the most common site for hydatid cysts. Surgical intervention involving laparoscopic de‐roofing and cyst removal resulted in a smooth recovery without complications. Several case reports have described various hydatid cyst ruptures; however, only a few have reported originally placed intra‐biliary hydatid cyst ruptures. This case report describes a unique instance of a hydatid liver cyst occupying the right lobe with a communicating part with the biliary tree that ruptured showing a concurrent superinfection.

Background and Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are susceptible to complications, including iron overload, which can significantly impact their prognosis and overall health. This scoping review aimed to study the prevalence and implications of iron overload in CKD patients undergoing PD.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases, leading to the selection of 18 papers for in‐depth analysis. These studies collectively involved 381 PD patients, 60.3% were males.Results: No consensus was reached regarding the exact diagnostic cutoff for iron overload. The investigations revealed four main aspects: (1) Seven papers identified various factors contributing to iron overload, emphasizing the role of different iron supplements and magnetic resonance imaging's capability to diagnose iron accumulation in organs; (2) Iron overload in young patients was found to hinder growth; (3) Six studies highlighted the adverse effects of iron overload, with cardiac issues being the most significant; (4) Three studies demonstrated the efficacy of iron‐chelating agents, Deferoxamine and Deferasirox, in treating iron overload patients undergoing PD. Overall, the estimated prevalence of liver iron overload in CKD patients on PD ranges from approximately 10% to 28.6%, which is far lower than the prevalence of 75% elegantly shown in HD patients.Conclusion: While iron overload was a significant concern for CKD patients undergoing PD in the past, it is less common in the current era due to advancements in treatments, such as erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. Treatment with specific chelation agents has proven beneficial, but there is also a risk of adverse effects, necessitating meticulous monitoring and timely intervention.