The integration of two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets and other materials offers broader application options in the antibacterial field. Ti₃C₂T_x-based composites demonstrate synergistic physical, chemical, and photodynamic antibacterial activity. In this review, we aim to explore the potential of Ti₃C₂T_x-based composites in the fabrication of an antibiotic-free antibacterial agent with a focus on their systematic classification, manufacturing technology, and application potential. We investigate various components of Ti₃C₂T_x-based composites, such as metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, organic frameworks, photosensitizers, etc. We also summarize the fabrication techniques used for preparing Ti₃C₂T_x-based composites, including solution mixing, chemical synthesis, layer-by-layer self-assembly, electrostatic assembly, and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The most recent developments in antibacterial application are also thoroughly discussed, with special attention to the medical, water treatment, food preservation, flexible textile, and industrial sectors. Ultimately, the future directions and opportunities are delineated, underscoring the focus of further research, such as elucidating microscopic mechanisms, achieving a balance between biocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency, and investigating effective, eco-friendly synthesis techniques combined with intelligent technology. A survey of the literature provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art developments in Ti₃C₂T_x-based composites and their potential applications in various fields. This comprehensive review covers the variety, preparation methods, and applications of Ti₃C₂T_x-based composites, drawing upon a total of 171 English-language references. Notably, 155 of these references are from the past five years, indicating significant recent progress and interest in this research area.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds considerable promise for advancing anticancer treatment, owing to its precision and minimally invasive nature. In this study, we successfully synthesized a series of titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂, TC)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄, CN) nanocomposite through a synergistic approach combining electron beam irradiation and 2D/2D composite formation. According to the results, 1TC/200-CN (1TC, which TC was 1, referred to the mass ratio; 200-CN, which CN was 200 kGy, referred to the irradiation metering) displayed a 94% degradation rate of methylene blue (10 mg/L) in 100 min. Furthermore, the proliferation rate of CAL-27 cells was suppressed to just 23.3% at a concentration of 320 μg/mL of 1TC/200-CN. Notably, the group treated with this concentration exhibited the largest residual scratch area, accompanied by a notable decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. These enhanced effects were attributed to the efficient transfer of electron-hole pairs facilitated by the TC/CN composite. Our findings not only contribute to the development of efficient and stable nanocomposites for PDT applications but also provide valuable insights into the utilization of nanomaterials in the biomedical field, thereby paving the way for potential breakthroughs in cancer treatment.