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Since the unregulated legal status of land results in the violation of its legal and economic security, intensified land marginalization, a decrease in local government income caused by tax revenue loss and hinders effective real estate management and trade, national governments try to regulate legal rights to real estate. This paper presents an analysis of common land (acr. CL). This form of management combines the features of real estate whose legal regulation is unclear, which is located between the private and public (state/commune) ownership and the common law associated with the possibility of using or gaining interest. This study aims to examine the extent of common lands in Europe, to analyse the possibility of regulating the legal status of common lands and to demonstrate the effects resulting from the possibility of free law interpretation. An interdisciplinary concept was employed, combining the historical approach based on archival sources and the quantitative-qualitative approach based on descriptive, normative, and statistical information. This made it possible to estimate and compare feasible solutions that take into account the size (and market value) of a share in common lands. These methods were applied in the case of a medium-size common land situated in the Mazowieckie Voivodship (Poland). The findings quantitatively showed the scale of the freedom with which legal regulations can be interpreted, which can be up to 100% of the share. This research problem is of particular importance to users of CL situated near urban areas.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Nature of common lands in a post-communist country – The Polish perspective. Land Use Policy 2021, 108, 105532 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. Nature of common lands in a post-communist country – The Polish perspective. Land Use Policy. 2021; 108 ():105532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2021. "Nature of common lands in a post-communist country – The Polish perspective." Land Use Policy 108, no. : 105532.
The cadaster functions laid down in the law should guarantee the safety of one’s rights. The reliability of the data gathered in the cadaster affects decisions concerning specific real estate or taken within the sphere of economic management. The legislation often requires the use of cadastral data, which makes it necessary to keep it up-to-date and coherent with the situation in the field. The effects of a lack of coherence may impact public finances and land management. Maintaining high-quality cadastral data is time-consuming and expensive. This study analysed the data coherence between the state in the field and cadastral documents. The analysis was based mainly on the information about the area of a plot and land use. The coherence index showed that the differences between registers and the state in the field range from 30% to 80%. This can be changed by comprehensive data modernisation, which can be facilitated using modern technology. Given the diverse use of cadastral data and the global trends in cadaster development and implementation of the third dimension, the currency and reliability of cadastral data become particularly important.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Hubert Frąszczak. Coherence of Cadastral Data in Land Management—A Case Study of Rural Areas in Poland. Land 2021, 10, 399 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera, Hubert Frąszczak. Coherence of Cadastral Data in Land Management—A Case Study of Rural Areas in Poland. Land. 2021; 10 (4):399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera; Hubert Frąszczak. 2021. "Coherence of Cadastral Data in Land Management—A Case Study of Rural Areas in Poland." Land 10, no. 4: 399.
Urban shrinkage has become a common feature for a growing number of European cities and urban regions. Cities in Europe have lost populations during the previous few decades, many of them in the post-communist countries. A similar phenomenon has been observed in smaller units: municipalities and villages. Shrinking towns/municipalities/villages grapple with insufficiently used housing infrastructure, a decrease in labor force, investment and in the number of jobs. This analysis examines the socio-spatial factors present in municipalities in the north-east of Poland, which are expected to experience the greatest population decrease by 2030. The study focused mainly on determinants with the greatest impact on the good life standards. It also sought to answer why the population growth forecasts for these units are so unpromising. The findings have shown that the majority of determinants adopted in the conceptual model describing the good life standards are below the reference values. The applied taxonomic measure of good life standards (TMGL) method allowed for identifying five municipality clusters representing “different speeds” at which these forecasts are fulfilled. Two clusters have dominant determinants in five criteria and three clusters, in two criteria adopted in the conceptual model. The findings indicate that approx. 35% of the municipalities under analysis have a chance for stabilization of the population size, provided local stakeholders take some targeted actions.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Karol Szuniewicz. Socio-Spatial Aspects of Shrinking Municipalities: A Case Study of the Post-Communist Region of North-East Poland. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2929 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera, Karol Szuniewicz. Socio-Spatial Aspects of Shrinking Municipalities: A Case Study of the Post-Communist Region of North-East Poland. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera; Karol Szuniewicz. 2021. "Socio-Spatial Aspects of Shrinking Municipalities: A Case Study of the Post-Communist Region of North-East Poland." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2929.
Robert Muszyński; Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Flood Damage Assessment Using River Water Levels – a Case Study of a Town Located in the North Mazovian Lowland (Poland). Journal of Ecological Engineering 2021, 22, 200 -212.
AMA StyleRobert Muszyński, Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Flood Damage Assessment Using River Water Levels – a Case Study of a Town Located in the North Mazovian Lowland (Poland). Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2021; 22 (2):200-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Muszyński; Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2021. "Flood Damage Assessment Using River Water Levels – a Case Study of a Town Located in the North Mazovian Lowland (Poland)." Journal of Ecological Engineering 22, no. 2: 200-212.
Instruments promoting rural development have been implemented by many countries. Areabased payments for farmers allocated under the Common Agricultural Policy constitute one of such instruments in the European Union. The support system for rural areas, including the size of the declared reference parcels, is monitored as part of the cross-compliance mechanism. Parcels with unfavorable landuse patterns are more difficult to farm. According to estimates, more than 30% of agricultural farms in Poland fall into this category. This study proposes a universal algorithm for controlling the information submitted by farmers in payment applications. More than 76,000 applications were analyzed, and farms with the defective spatial structure of land were randomly selected. The results show that most errors occur in the case of land parcels situated the farthest from a farm holding (declared in the application), but the analysis revealed no strong correlation in this respect.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Farm holdings and the owner’s residence location in the aspect of direct payments from the EU: A case study in nine regions in Poland. Acta geographica Slovenica 2020, 60, 7 -20.
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. Farm holdings and the owner’s residence location in the aspect of direct payments from the EU: A case study in nine regions in Poland. Acta geographica Slovenica. 2020; 60 (2):7-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2020. "Farm holdings and the owner’s residence location in the aspect of direct payments from the EU: A case study in nine regions in Poland." Acta geographica Slovenica 60, no. 2: 7-20.
The article attempts to determine the effect of perceived flood risk, based on identified flood hazard zones, on the level of activity in the market of land property designated for housing developments in the historical town of Sandomierz, Poland. The study employed graphical, analytical, quantitative methods, and spatial analyses with GIS tools. The proposed methodology, involving spatial interpolation of the phenomenon (Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)) and an expert opinion survey, facilitates the assessment of the market activity in towns where transactions are scarce. Trade in property is lower in areas at risk of flooding than for the remaining parts of the town. The potential flood hazard zone affects both the activity of the property market and the average prices of land. The study demonstrated that both a flood and flood risk affect the levels of market activity and the prices of residential land. However, this impact differs at various times and locations and is greater immediately after a flood. Properties located in the most attractive location within an area are characterised by a greater sensitivity to this risk.
Małgorzata Dudzińska; Barbara Prus; Radosław Cellmer; Stanisław Bacior; Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Anna Klimach; Agnieszka Trystuła. The Impact of Flood Risk on the Activity of the Residential Land Market in a Polish Cultural Heritage Town. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10098 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Dudzińska, Barbara Prus, Radosław Cellmer, Stanisław Bacior, Katarzyna Kocur-Bera, Anna Klimach, Agnieszka Trystuła. The Impact of Flood Risk on the Activity of the Residential Land Market in a Polish Cultural Heritage Town. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Dudzińska; Barbara Prus; Radosław Cellmer; Stanisław Bacior; Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Anna Klimach; Agnieszka Trystuła. 2020. "The Impact of Flood Risk on the Activity of the Residential Land Market in a Polish Cultural Heritage Town." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10098.
The idea behind the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) project was to provide EU citizens with access to various types of information, including environmental protection and spatial management data. These resources can be viewed (Web Map Service—WMS) and downloaded (Web Feature Service—WFS) online. Cadastral datasets represent one of the 34 spatial data themes in the spatial data infrastructure (SDI). The functionality of the SDI has not yet been fully achieved due to the failure of the WMS and WFS network services. The aim of this article was to assess the completeness of the SDI containing cadastral datasets. The present study has practical implications. The proposed diagnostic tool supports an assessment of the completeness of SDI resources in seven diagnostic groups (technical and legal identifiers, the cadastral information profile, the WMS network service, the WFS network service, source cadastral databases, data validity, and WMS and WFS standardization). The developed assessment methodology enables the identification of websites that publish cadastral data through INSPIRE network services, as well as problematic websites, and it has high development potential. The results of the assessment should be used in the ongoing construction of the SDI. They can also be used to improve the quality of network services and their availability for end users.
Agnieszka Trystuła; Małgorzata Dudzińska; Ryszard Źróbek. Evaluation of the Completeness of Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Context of Cadastral Data Sharing. Land 2020, 9, 272 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Trystuła, Małgorzata Dudzińska, Ryszard Źróbek. Evaluation of the Completeness of Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Context of Cadastral Data Sharing. Land. 2020; 9 (8):272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Trystuła; Małgorzata Dudzińska; Ryszard Źróbek. 2020. "Evaluation of the Completeness of Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Context of Cadastral Data Sharing." Land 9, no. 8: 272.
In response to the need for a sustainable agricultural policy, which would support activities such as decision making in precise agriculture and mitigation of crop threats, a concept agricultural information system was developed for the area of Poland. This innovative concept, called Green Cadastre (GC), proposes to create a uniform system designed for use on a national scale by both state administration as well as local farmers. This article presents the concept system architecture of the proposed GC solution. The system architecture takes into account the current state of the INSPIRE Spatial Data Infrastructure, the previously established requirements for a GC system, as well as an analysis of current trends in geospatial IT. The proposed solution combines open data exchange protocols with Open Source technologies and current international SDI standards in order to provide a flexible and cost-effective solution.
Agnieszka Dawidowicz; Marcin Kulawiak; Elżbieta Zysk; Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. System architecture of an INSPIRE-compliant green cadastre system for the EU Member State of Poland. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 2020, 20, 100362 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Dawidowicz, Marcin Kulawiak, Elżbieta Zysk, Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. System architecture of an INSPIRE-compliant green cadastre system for the EU Member State of Poland. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment. 2020; 20 ():100362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Dawidowicz; Marcin Kulawiak; Elżbieta Zysk; Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2020. "System architecture of an INSPIRE-compliant green cadastre system for the EU Member State of Poland." Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 20, no. : 100362.
Population growth, economic globalization and the launch of market economy instruments have become the main triggers for processes related to the anthropogenization of space. According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) statistics, the developed area indication tripled in the last 25 years. Humans keep appropriating more natural and semi-natural areas, which entails specific social, economic and environmental consequences. Provisions in some countries’ laws and some economic factors encourage investors to engage in urbanization. The authors of this study noticed a research gap in the analysis of suburban areas in this topic. Our research aimed to analyze the conversion of plots of land used for agricultural purposes into urbanized land in the city’s suburban zone, in areas of high landscape and natural value. We focused on the analysis of geodetic and legal divisions of plots of land and analyzed the conditions of plots of land “ex ante” and “ex post” and the changes in their values. To achieve the research objective, we used Corine Land Cover (CLC) data for various time intervals, orthophotomaps (using the Web Map Service browsing service compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium standards), cadastral data, administrative decisions, data from the real estate market, spatial analyses and statistical modeling (linear, non-linear and stepwise regression). In general, the CLC data resolution enables analysis at regional or national levels. We used them innovatively at the local level because CLC data allowed us to notice the development of the area over time. Detailed research confirmed that, in the studied area, the conversion of agricultural land into developed areas results from economic factors. The division procedure increases the plot value by about 10%. However, the effects of uncontrolled urbanization, which we are currently dealing with, generate long term social and economic losses, difficulties in the labour market and may become a barrier to development.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Adrian Pszenny. Conversion of Agricultural Land for Urbanization Purposes: A Case Study of the Suburbs of the Capital of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2325 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera, Adrian Pszenny. Conversion of Agricultural Land for Urbanization Purposes: A Case Study of the Suburbs of the Capital of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (14):2325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera; Adrian Pszenny. 2020. "Conversion of Agricultural Land for Urbanization Purposes: A Case Study of the Suburbs of the Capital of Warmia and Mazury, Poland." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14: 2325.
The development the GIS technology and growing access to spatial data encourage greater use of information for various purposes. Users may not be aware that data pertaining to the same fragment of land (in aspect of geometry or description attributes), but acquired from different sources do not always adequately reflect reality. After Poland's accession to the European Union, the EU Member States have undertaken to develop a Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) as part of the Integrated Administration and Control System in every country. The information aggregated by that system supports the payment of area-based subsidies, monitoring farmers' cross-compliance with selected environmental rules and the implementation of rural development programs. The LPIS was developed by compiling data from various sources, including the Cadastral Register (CR). The LPIS database is continuously modified to account for changes in the use of agricultural land. However, not all users are aware of these changes, and they regard LPIS data as identical to CR data. The above can breed conflict and legal complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the reference data from the CR are modified in the LPIS. The CR was selected for this analysis because it is widely used for various purposes, including urban planning, calculation of taxes and public statistics. Geographic and descriptive data were analyzed, and the relationships between both data bases were determined (more than 12,000 elements were measured). The extent to which primary data were modified was expressed with the use of an indicator describing the percentage change in cadastral data. The study concerned geometry (Ig), described parameters (Id) and the cumulative index (Ic) of the examined objects. The results of the analysis indicate that the extent of changes in primary data varies across different locations. In more than 50 % of the analyzed objects, the relevant changes (cumulated index - IC) exceeded 50 %. These observations constitute valuable information for individuals, researchers or institutions who rely on LPIS resources. The proposed evaluation method can be used to assess the extent of data modification in other databases or locations.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Understanding information about agricultural land. An evaluation of the extent of data modification in the Land Parcel Identification System for the needs of area-based payments – a case study. Land Use Policy 2020, 94, 104527 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. Understanding information about agricultural land. An evaluation of the extent of data modification in the Land Parcel Identification System for the needs of area-based payments – a case study. Land Use Policy. 2020; 94 ():104527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2020. "Understanding information about agricultural land. An evaluation of the extent of data modification in the Land Parcel Identification System for the needs of area-based payments – a case study." Land Use Policy 94, no. : 104527.
Technological progress in Earth surface observation provides a vast range of information on the land and methods of its use. This enables property owners, users and administrators to monitor the state of the boundaries of the land they own/administer. The land cover, monitored directly on the ground, is not always consistent with the land use entered in the Land and Property Registry (LPR). Discrepancies between these data are often found in former communist countries. One of the reasons for this was the rapid process of land privatisation, which took place in Poland, without updating information on the plot geodetic boundaries. The study examined and compared the land use (entered in the LPR) with the land cover (on the ground) for national roads (acr. LU-LC). The most frequent discrepancies were selected, using CLC2018, digital orthophotomaps (using the Web Map Service (WMS) browsing service compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards), cadastral data, statistical modelling and an updated survey of the right-of-way. Subsequently, six algorithms were proposed to synchronise the land use and land cover when the right-of-way was used by unauthorised persons, and two algorithms for cases of unauthorised use of land by the road administrator. Currently, it is difficult to synchronise the land cover with the land use from the administrative, legal and social points of view. The results of analyses show that full synchronisation of land use and land cover is complicated and time-consuming, although desired.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Agnieszka Dawidowicz. Land Use versus Land Cover: Geo-Analysis of National Roads and Synchronisation Algorithms. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 3053 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera, Agnieszka Dawidowicz. Land Use versus Land Cover: Geo-Analysis of National Roads and Synchronisation Algorithms. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (24):3053.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera; Agnieszka Dawidowicz. 2019. "Land Use versus Land Cover: Geo-Analysis of National Roads and Synchronisation Algorithms." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24: 3053.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN THE ASPECT OF A SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT. GeoScience Engineering 2019, 65, 35 -42.
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN THE ASPECT OF A SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT. GeoScience Engineering. 2019; 65 (3):35-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2019. "SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN THE ASPECT OF A SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT." GeoScience Engineering 65, no. 3: 35-42.
The development of modern technologies and accessibility of data on space and the natural environment has led to their increasing use for socio-economic purposes. Data users believe that these systems reflect the reality in the field. This applies in particular to databases used for construction investment projects or as the basis for calculations of financial obligations, e.g., taxes. The Land and Property Register (LPR), which is part of the Land Administration System, serves a number of economic and legal purposes. This geo-system often contains low-quality information regarding the technical potential of modern data acquisition methods and is continuously updated. The authors propose a two-step analysis of data contained in the LPR. The first step identified the sources of discrepancies between data from the LPR and the reality in the field. The second step emphasises the importance of the factors under analysis, which include both a plot’s geometric parameters, the geo-location features (associated with the natural environment elements) and factors associated with the supplementary data acquisition methods. The results show that sufficient quality data play the main role in achieving compatibility between the data in the Land and Property Register and with reality. Studies conducted so far have dealt with data on a global scale and were based on in situ data and focused on the specific values of each plot under analysis.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Marta Stachelek. Geo-Analysis of Compatibility Determinants for Data in the Land and Property Register (LPR). Geosciences 2019, 9, 303 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera, Marta Stachelek. Geo-Analysis of Compatibility Determinants for Data in the Land and Property Register (LPR). Geosciences. 2019; 9 (7):303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera; Marta Stachelek. 2019. "Geo-Analysis of Compatibility Determinants for Data in the Land and Property Register (LPR)." Geosciences 9, no. 7: 303.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Climate Change – Analysis of Similar Units in Terms of Spatial Conditions for Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. Journal of Ecological Engineering 2019, 20, 198 -206.
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Climate Change – Analysis of Similar Units in Terms of Spatial Conditions for Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2019; 20 (6):198-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2019. "Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Climate Change – Analysis of Similar Units in Terms of Spatial Conditions for Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship." Journal of Ecological Engineering 20, no. 6: 198-206.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN TERMS OF CONFORMITY WITH DOMAINS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE VICINITY OF OLSZTYN CITY, IN WARMIA AND MAZURY REGION, POLAND. Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape 2019, 2, 87 -95.
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN TERMS OF CONFORMITY WITH DOMAINS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE VICINITY OF OLSZTYN CITY, IN WARMIA AND MAZURY REGION, POLAND. Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape. 2019; 2 ():87-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera; Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. 2019. "INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN TERMS OF CONFORMITY WITH DOMAINS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE VICINITY OF OLSZTYN CITY, IN WARMIA AND MAZURY REGION, POLAND." Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape 2, no. : 87-95.
The Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS), a key control mechanism under the Common Agricultural Policy, plays a very important role in verifying eligibility for area-based subsidies, monitoring farmers’ cross-compliance with selected environmental rules, and rural development programs (agri-environmental programs, support for areas with unfavorable conditions for land management, agricultural practices that deliver environmental and climate benefits, greening obligations). The EU Member States were guided by different principles in the process of developing their LPIS. The basic unit in the LIPS database is the reference parcel which has been defined based on various criteria in the EU countries (cadastral parcels, agricultural parcels, farmer’s blocks or physical blocks). In Poland, LPIS data are used in the process of updating the Land and Building Cadaster (LBC) segment of the Land Administration System. The LAS is a public register of buildings, land and property rights. It is used for planning, taxation, identification of property in land and mortgage registers, public statistics and land management. The relevant resources, in particular cadastral maps, are characterized by various degrees of quality because they have been developed from archive and historical materials. The aim of this study was to analyze the compatibility between LPIS and LBC data in Poland. The study was carried out in three villages in the municipality of Dobre Miasto, Region of Warmia and Mazury in Poland. Nearly 5000 objects were measured, and 11 features characterizing differences in both registers were analyzed. The results revealed numerous discrepancies in both LPIS and LBC relating to the analyzed area. The majority of the identified differences between the data in the compared registers concerned the location of boundary points, area and descriptions of land use. Both databases should be regularly compared with the use of modern measurement techniques to account for changes in agricultural land use.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Data compatibility between the Land and Building Cadaster (LBC) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) in the context of area-based payments: A case study in the Polish Region of Warmia and Mazury. Land Use Policy 2018, 80, 370 -379.
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. Data compatibility between the Land and Building Cadaster (LBC) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) in the context of area-based payments: A case study in the Polish Region of Warmia and Mazury. Land Use Policy. 2018; 80 ():370-379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2018. "Data compatibility between the Land and Building Cadaster (LBC) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) in the context of area-based payments: A case study in the Polish Region of Warmia and Mazury." Land Use Policy 80, no. : 370-379.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. SYSTEMS OF SPATIAL CONNECTIONS OF NATURAL ELEMENTS ON RURAL AREAS IN ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. SYSTEMS OF SPATIAL CONNECTIONS OF NATURAL ELEMENTS ON RURAL AREAS IN ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2018. "SYSTEMS OF SPATIAL CONNECTIONS OF NATURAL ELEMENTS ON RURAL AREAS IN ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE." 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing , no. : 1.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera; Radoslaw Celmer. Maps created on basis of random event statistics. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera, Radoslaw Celmer. Maps created on basis of random event statistics. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera; Radoslaw Celmer. 2018. "Maps created on basis of random event statistics." 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development , no. : 1.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. Impact of land use on climate change. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. Impact of land use on climate change. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2018. "Impact of land use on climate change." 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development , no. : 1.
Rural areas have multiple functions. Four key functions can be identified in a synthetic approach: economic, environmental, social and cultural. Multidirectional rural development is strongly influenced by spatial attributes, demographics, environmental factors, infrastructure and capital. Multidirectional development is closely associated with the multiple functions of rural areas. In general, multifunctional rural development involves rural activation and rural business diversification which enables members of the rural community to derive incomes from non-farming activities. The growth potential of rural municipalities is an important determinant of multifunctional development. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of socioeconomic development in rural municipalities, which is an indicator of their multifunctional development. The analysis involved rural municipalities adjacent to the city of Olsztyn. These municipalities are bedroom communities whose residents commute to work in the urban center. The study analyzed 15 indicators describing the four key areas of multifunctional development: environmental, social, economic and infrastructural. Data for 2013-2015 were acquired from the Central Statistical Office and statistical tables of the agricultural productivity index. The results indicate that the municipality of Purda (with relatively poor soils) meets the highest number of criteria and the municipality of Dywity (with relatively high-quality soils) meets the lowest number of criteria for multifunctional development.
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. MULTIFUNCTIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPALITIES ADJACENT TO THE CITY OF OLSZTYN. Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017" 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. MULTIFUNCTIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPALITIES ADJACENT TO THE CITY OF OLSZTYN. Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017". 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Kocur-Bera. 2018. "MULTIFUNCTIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPALITIES ADJACENT TO THE CITY OF OLSZTYN." Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017" , no. : 1.