The cranial base has a crucial effect on the position of the maxilla and mandible. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the cranial base sagittal and transverse dimensions in different skeletal patterns. This is a retrospective study of pre-existing CBCT images of 132 subjects (60 males and 72 females) from Saudi Arabia with a mean age of 35 years old. The grouping of the subjects was based on the ANB angle of Steiner’s analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of the sagittal and transverse dimensions between different skeletal patterns, followed by a post hoc test for individual comparisons. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the relationship between gender, age, and cephalometric values between the three groups. The significance level was 0.05. One-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in posterior cranial base length (p < 0.05) and total cranial base length (p < 0.05) among different skeletal patterns. Tukey’s post hoc analysis showed that skeletal class II had a smaller posterior cranial base and total cranial base length when compared to the other groups. The class II skeletal pattern has a smaller posterior cranial base and total cranial base when compared to skeletal class I and class III skeletal patterns.

The use of electronic cigarettes, or “e-cigarettes”, among youths has sparked worries about the possibility of nicotine dependence as a serious public health issue. Dental practitioners play a critical role in helping their patients quit smoking. Dental schools across the globe have policies encouraging their students to help patients quit smoking. Current research, however, indicates that a significant portion of dental students smoke combustible cigarettes and use e-cigarettes. According to studies, using e-cigarettes has resulted in the subsequent initiation of combustible cigarette smoking among its users. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the use of electronic cigarettes and the subsequent initiation of combustible cigarette smoking among dental students who were not attitudinally susceptible to smoking combustible cigarettes. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 121 study participants who were never combustible cigarette users and were attitudinally non-susceptible to smoking at baseline. At baseline, 66 (54.6%) study participants were categorized as e-cigarette users who were attitudinally non-susceptible to combustible cigarette smoking, and 55 (45.4%) study participants were categorized as non-users who were attitudinally non-susceptible to combustible cigarette smoking. The initiation of combustible cigarette smoking was assessed at 6- and 12-month intervals. Binomial regression analysis of the outcome at the end of one-year follow-up, when analyzed with independent variables, revealed a significant influence of e-cigarette use on taking up combustible cigarette smoking [Relative Risk: 9.395; 95% CI: 3.03–29.04]. Chi-squared analysis of independent variables revealed e-cigarette use to be significantly associated with fathers’ education level (p = 0.00), parental cigarette smoking status (p = 0.00), cigarette smoking among friends (p = 0.00), and family income (p = 0.00). E-cigarette users are more likely to believe it to be healthier (p = 0.00) than combustible smoking. In the present study, e-cigarette usage demonstrated a significant influence on taking up combustible cigarette smoking among its users. Educational institutions should implement stringent policies and regulations to prevent health professionals from using these products.