(1) Background: Cardiometabolic disease progression can be delayed if patients engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors, adherence to which is highly influenced by psychosocial factors. The present study aimed at investigating the association of self-efficacy with the adherence level to healthy lifestyle behaviors among patients with cardiometabolic diseases in Greece. (2) Methods: 1988 patients (1180 females) with cardiometabolic diseases participated. Anthropometric, demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Patients were also asked to evaluate their efficacy to comply with healthy lifestyle behaviors. (3) Results: The majority exhibited unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. A subgroup demonstrated elevated self-efficacy in maintaining healthy habits despite facing diverse psychosocial challenges. Individuals with higher educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and rural/semi-urban residency had significantly elevated self-efficacy. Those with heightened self-efficacy exhibited significantly lower BMI and reduced prevalence of certain health conditions. Self-efficacy significantly influenced adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity engagement, and smoking cessation, even in challenging circumstances. (4) Conclusions: This study represented an innovative approach in examining the role of self-efficacy in shaping health behaviors and outcomes within a Greek population. By integrating specific psychosocial circumstances into the analysis, valuable insights were provided into the contextual factors influencing self-efficacy and adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Background: Mediterranean diet (MD) constitutes a commonly examined dietary model. It includes a plethora of bioactive ingredients with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and anticancer properties. Several substantial studies support strong evidence that MD can exert preventing actions against human morbidity and mortality, promoting human well-being and quality of life. The present study aims to evaluate whether childhood MD compliance may be associated with socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors in children at the age of 6–9 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey on 3875 children aged 6–9 years old with their matched mothers. Qualified questionnaires were used to evaluate and collect by one-to-one interviews with trained professionals the above data. Results: Elevated MD adherence was observed only in 22.2% of the enrolled children, while 37.5% of children maintained intermediate MD adherence and 40.3% of children adopted lower MD levels. Children MD compliance was related at an independent manner with maternal education level, childhood anthropometric factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist circumference to Height ratio (WtHR), quality of life, and exclusively breastfeeding behaviors after adjusting for several possible confounders (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated MD adherence of children aged 6–9 years old showed a lower obesity of overweight/obesity, including abdominal obesity. A higher maternal educational status and adopting exclusively breastfeeding practices were associated with greater levels of children’s MD adherence, promoting their quality of life and well-being. Based on the present results, future prospective surveys need to be performed to evaluate if there is a causality relation concerning this topic.

Background/Objectives: Home isolation measures during the COVID-19 lockdown periods may have influenced individuals’ lifestyles. The COVEAT study aimed to identify differences in children’s and their parents’ dietary behavior, children’s body weight and parental body mass index (BMI) between two lockdown periods implemented in Greece. Methods: In total, 61 participants (children 2–18 years and their parents) completed questionnaires about their lifestyle, body weight and height, and family socio-demographic data, during both lockdown periods (LDs) implemented in Greece (LD1 in March–May 2020; LD2 in December 2020–January 2021). Results: No significant differences in parents’ BMI and fluctuations in children’s/adolescents’ body weight and BMI were observed in LD2 compared to LD1. Regarding dietary behavior, in LD2 fewer parents were found to have dinner and prepared home meals and more families reported to order fast food. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the consumption of fresh and prepacked juices and an increase in fast-food consumption were observed for children/adolescents in LD2 compared to LD1. Conclusions: The findings of the COVEAT study indicate that each lockdown period had a different impact on children’s/adolescents’ and their parents’ dietary behavior, with less favorable changes observed in LD2, suggesting that the implementation of additional lockdowns may have had a negative impact on individuals’ lifestyles.