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Xiliang Zhang
Institute of Energy, Environment, and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Editorial
Published: 21 September 2020 in Applied Energy
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Emissions trading systems have been increasingly adopted by jurisdictions across the globe to facilitate the low carbon energy and economic transformation. Serving as an instrument to price greenhouse gas emissions generated in a variety of economic activities, emissions trading systems are reshaping producer behavior, consumer demand, and the future growth of the economy. Compared to command-and-control regulations or carbon taxes, emissions trading systems possess some unique features. First, if not auctioned, the allowance allocation to producers greatly affects the competitiveness of firms and hence the political acceptance of carbon pricing. Second, emissions trading systems allow potential linking of allowance markets in different jurisdictions, within the same country or internationally. Designs of linking could significantly change the overall policy efficiency and its distributional effects. Third, carbon prices that emerge from the emissions trading systems naturally exhibit volatility. Understanding and predicting this price volatility is crucial for market players in making production and investment decisions. Studying behaviors of producers and consumers at both the micro and macro level is of crucial importance. This paper introduces the special issue “Emissions trading systems for global low carbon energy and economic transformation,” summarizes key findings from the papers selected as well as some recent studies, and provides directions for future research.

ACS Style

Xiliang Zhang; Andreas Löschel; Joanna Lewis; Da Zhang; Jinyue Yan. Emissions trading systems for global low carbon energy and economic transformation. Applied Energy 2020, 279, 115858 .

AMA Style

Xiliang Zhang, Andreas Löschel, Joanna Lewis, Da Zhang, Jinyue Yan. Emissions trading systems for global low carbon energy and economic transformation. Applied Energy. 2020; 279 ():115858.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiliang Zhang; Andreas Löschel; Joanna Lewis; Da Zhang; Jinyue Yan. 2020. "Emissions trading systems for global low carbon energy and economic transformation." Applied Energy 279, no. : 115858.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2019 in Energy
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It is essential to decarbonise the electricity systems in the city-level, especially the major cities, such as Beijing. This work explores how major cities can decarbonise their electricity systems through renewable cooperation by conducting a case study of Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Beijing, as a city with deficient renewable resources, is well suited for electricity cooperation with the city of Zhangjiakou, which will co-host the 2022 Winter Olympics with Beijing and have rich renewable resources. We therefore construct an hourly Zhangjiakou–Beijing Renewable Electricity Cooperation (Z-BREC) system based on the EnergyPLAN model. Four scenarios—restricted/unrestricted Zhangjiakou with/without energy storage scenarios—are simulated and analysed. We present a method of calculating the range for two cities to cooperate over renewable electricity and analyse detailed hourly output curves in exploring the role of energy storage. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the effects of the transmission capacity and losses in the transmission and distribution system. Results show that the amount of renewable electricity that can potentially be exported from Zhangjiakou to Beijing is 19.7–31.8 TW h in 2020 and 45.0–61.5 TW h in 2030, respectively accounting for 17%–27% and 30%–41% of Beijing’s electricity demand. By 2030, energy storage can increase the amount of generated renewable energy exported from Zhangjiakou to Beijing by 4.8–5.65 TW h.

ACS Style

Xiaodan Huang; Hongyu Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. Decarbonising electricity systems in major cities through renewable cooperation – A case study of Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Energy 2019, 190, 116444 .

AMA Style

Xiaodan Huang, Hongyu Zhang, Xiliang Zhang. Decarbonising electricity systems in major cities through renewable cooperation – A case study of Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Energy. 2019; 190 ():116444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaodan Huang; Hongyu Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. 2019. "Decarbonising electricity systems in major cities through renewable cooperation – A case study of Beijing and Zhangjiakou." Energy 190, no. : 116444.

Review
Published: 21 September 2018 in Energies
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EU energy policy is more and more promoting a resilient, efficient and sustainable energy system. Several agreements have been signed in the last few months that set ambitious goals in terms of energy efficiency and emission reductions and to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. These actions are expected to fulfill the goals negotiated at the Paris Agreement in 2015. The successful development of this ambitious energy policy needs to be supported by scientific knowledge: a huge effort must be made in order to develop more efficient energy conversion technologies based both on renewables and fossil fuels. Similarly, researchers are also expected to work on the integration of conventional and novel systems, also taking into account the needs for the management of the novel energy systems in terms of energy storage and devices management. Therefore, a multi-disciplinary approach is required in order to achieve these goals. To ensure that the scientists belonging to the different disciplines are aware of the scientific progress in the other research areas, specific Conferences are periodically organized. One of the most popular conferences in this area is the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) Series Conference. The 12th Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems Conference was recently held in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The present Special Issue of Energies, specifically dedicated to the 12th SDEWES Conference, is focused on five main fields: energy policy and energy efficiency in smart energy systems, polygeneration and district heating, advanced combustion techniques and fuels, biomass and building efficiency.

ACS Style

Francesco Calise; Mário Costa; Qiuwang Wang; Xiliang Zhang; Neven Duić. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Sustainable Energy Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 2520 .

AMA Style

Francesco Calise, Mário Costa, Qiuwang Wang, Xiliang Zhang, Neven Duić. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Sustainable Energy Systems. Energies. 2018; 11 (10):2520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Calise; Mário Costa; Qiuwang Wang; Xiliang Zhang; Neven Duić. 2018. "Recent Advances in the Analysis of Sustainable Energy Systems." Energies 11, no. 10: 2520.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Environmental Impact Assessment Review
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This study demonstrates how a regional power system modeling tool could be applied to evaluate renewable energy development and emissions reduction with technology change and market reform. We introduce a capacity expansion and operation model with provincial details for China's power system – the Renewable Electricity Planning and Operation (REPO) Model. We compare the spatial and temporal variation of renewable energy development under three alternative scenarios that depict three potentially important technology and reform directions – flexible district heating technology, ultra-high voltage transmission technology and complete spot market to the reference scenario. Under the reference scenario, the share of non-hydro renewable energy in China's power sector will reach 11.3% and carbon emissions of the power sector will increase to 5.1 billion metric tons in 2050. With assumptions made in the flexible district heating technology, ultra-high voltage transmission technology and complete spot market scenario, the share of non-hydro renewable energy in the power sector could increase to 14.3%, 11.5%, and 23.7%, and carbon emissions of power sector will change by −0.3, +0.0, and −1.0 billion metric tons in 2050, respectively. Similar analyses could be extended to other developing countries that plan to deregulate and decarbonize their power systems.

ACS Style

Yuanzhe Yang; Hongyu Zhang; Weiming Xiong; Da Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. Regional power system modeling for evaluating renewable energy development and CO2 emissions reduction in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2018, 73, 142 -151.

AMA Style

Yuanzhe Yang, Hongyu Zhang, Weiming Xiong, Da Zhang, Xiliang Zhang. Regional power system modeling for evaluating renewable energy development and CO2 emissions reduction in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2018; 73 ():142-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanzhe Yang; Hongyu Zhang; Weiming Xiong; Da Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. 2018. "Regional power system modeling for evaluating renewable energy development and CO2 emissions reduction in China." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 73, no. : 142-151.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Applied Energy
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Energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of China’s road transport sector have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Previous studies on the future trends trend to focus on the national picture and cannot offer regional insights. We build a novel bottom-up model to estimate the future energy demand and GHG emissions of China’s road transport at a provincial level, considering local economic development, population and policies. Detailed technical characteristics of the future vehicle fleets are analyzed in several up-to date scenarios. The results indicate that China’s vehicle stock will keep increasing to 543 million by 2050. The total direct petroleum demand and associated GHG emissions will peak at 508 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) and 1500 million tonnes CO2 equivalent (Mt CO2,e) around 2030 in the Reference scenario. Natural gas vehicle diffusion has a large impact on petroleum demand reduction in the short term, with decreases of 41–46 Mtoe in 2050. Compared to the Reference case, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles will reduce petroleum demand by 94–157 and 28–54 Mtoe in 2050, respectively. When combined with decarbonization of future power supply, battery electric vehicles can play a significant role in reducing Well-to-Wheels GHG emissions in 2050 with 295–449 Mt CO2,e more reductions. The spatial distributions of future vehicle stock, energy demand and GHG emissions vary among provinces and show a generally downward trend from east to west. Policy recommendations are made in terms of the development of alternative fuels and vehicle technologies considering provincial differences, expansion of natural gas vehicle market and acceleration of electric vehicle market penetration.

ACS Style

Tianduo Peng; Xunmin Ou; Zhiyi Yuan; Xiaoyu Yan; Xiliang Zhang. Development and application of China provincial road transport energy demand and GHG emissions analysis model. Applied Energy 2018, 222, 313 -328.

AMA Style

Tianduo Peng, Xunmin Ou, Zhiyi Yuan, Xiaoyu Yan, Xiliang Zhang. Development and application of China provincial road transport energy demand and GHG emissions analysis model. Applied Energy. 2018; 222 ():313-328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianduo Peng; Xunmin Ou; Zhiyi Yuan; Xiaoyu Yan; Xiliang Zhang. 2018. "Development and application of China provincial road transport energy demand and GHG emissions analysis model." Applied Energy 222, no. : 313-328.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Energy Economics
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ACS Style

Tianyu Qi; Yuyan Weng; Xiliang Zhang; Jiankun He. An analysis of the driving factors of energy-related CO 2 emission reduction in China from 2005 to 2013. Energy Economics 2016, 60, 15 -22.

AMA Style

Tianyu Qi, Yuyan Weng, Xiliang Zhang, Jiankun He. An analysis of the driving factors of energy-related CO 2 emission reduction in China from 2005 to 2013. Energy Economics. 2016; 60 ():15-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianyu Qi; Yuyan Weng; Xiliang Zhang; Jiankun He. 2016. "An analysis of the driving factors of energy-related CO 2 emission reduction in China from 2005 to 2013." Energy Economics 60, no. : 15-22.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Energy
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The wind power industry in China is faced with the obstacle of ineffective use due to severe wind curtailment recently. With detailed representation of the electricity and heat sectors in an energy-system-modeling tool, we evaluated the potential of technical improvements that could be implemented to increase wind integration in Northeast China. First, different regulation modes are compared and analyzed. Then, sector integration between the heat and electricity sectors is simulated assuming heat storage and large-scale heat pump utilization. While current regulation rules hamper wind integration, there are no apparent technical barriers to ramp up/down more flexible for wind power generation in Northeast China. The results also indicate that the implementation of heat storage and heat pump could enhance the flexibility of an energy system, making it able to accommodate an increase of wind penetration. Thus, more flexible dispatch rules and integration between the electricity and heating sectors are believed as mature technical solution to increase wind integration in Northeast China.

ACS Style

Weiming Xiong; Yu Wang; Brian Vad Mathiesen; Xiliang Zhang. Case study of the constraints and potential contributions regarding wind curtailment in Northeast China. Energy 2016, 110, 55 -64.

AMA Style

Weiming Xiong, Yu Wang, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Xiliang Zhang. Case study of the constraints and potential contributions regarding wind curtailment in Northeast China. Energy. 2016; 110 ():55-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weiming Xiong; Yu Wang; Brian Vad Mathiesen; Xiliang Zhang. 2016. "Case study of the constraints and potential contributions regarding wind curtailment in Northeast China." Energy 110, no. : 55-64.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2015 in Energies
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Lignocellulosic biomass-based ethanol is categorized as 2nd generation bioethanol in the advanced biofuel portfolio. To make sound incentive policy proposals for the Chinese government and to develop guidance for research and development and industrialization of the technology, the paper reports careful techno-economic and sensitivity analyses performed to estimate the current competitiveness of the bioethanol and identify key components which have the greatest impact on its plant-gate price (PGP). Two models were developed for the research, including the Bioethanol PGP Assessment Model (BPAM) and the Feedstock Cost Estimation Model (FCEM). Results show that the PGP of the bioethanol ranges $4.68–$6.05/gal (9,550–12,356 yuan/t). The key components that contribute most to bioethanol PGP include the conversion rate of cellulose to glucose, the ratio of five-carbon sugars converted to ethanol, feedstock cost, and enzyme loading, etc. Lignocellulosic ethanol is currently unable to compete with fossil gasoline, therefore incentive policies are necessary to promote its development. It is suggested that the consumption tax be exempted, the value added tax (VAT) be refunded upon collection, and feed-in tariff for excess electricity (byproduct) be implemented to facilitate the industrialization of the technology. A minimum direct subsidy of $1.20/gal EtOH (2,500 yuan/t EtOH) is also proposed for consideration.

ACS Style

Lili Zhao; Xiliang Zhang; Jie Xu; Xunmin Ou; Shiyan Chang; Maorong Wu. Techno-Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass in China: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover. Energies 2015, 8, 4096 -4117.

AMA Style

Lili Zhao, Xiliang Zhang, Jie Xu, Xunmin Ou, Shiyan Chang, Maorong Wu. Techno-Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass in China: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover. Energies. 2015; 8 (5):4096-4117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lili Zhao; Xiliang Zhang; Jie Xu; Xunmin Ou; Shiyan Chang; Maorong Wu. 2015. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass in China: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover." Energies 8, no. 5: 4096-4117.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Energy
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ACS Style

Lili Zhao; Shiyan Chang; Hailin Wang; Xiliang Zhang; Xunmin Ou; Baiyu Wang; Maorong Wu. Long-term projections of liquid biofuels in China: Uncertainties and potential benefits. Energy 2015, 83, 37 -54.

AMA Style

Lili Zhao, Shiyan Chang, Hailin Wang, Xiliang Zhang, Xunmin Ou, Baiyu Wang, Maorong Wu. Long-term projections of liquid biofuels in China: Uncertainties and potential benefits. Energy. 2015; 83 ():37-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lili Zhao; Shiyan Chang; Hailin Wang; Xiliang Zhang; Xunmin Ou; Baiyu Wang; Maorong Wu. 2015. "Long-term projections of liquid biofuels in China: Uncertainties and potential benefits." Energy 83, no. : 37-54.

Articles
Published: 02 January 2015 in Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment
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The establishment of a global multi-regional carbon market is considered to be a cost effective approach to facilitate global emission abatement and has been widely concerned. The ongoing planned linkage between the European Union’s carbon market and a new emission trading system in Australia in 2015 would be an important attempt to the practice of building up an international carbon market across different regions. To understand the abatement effect of such a global carbon market and to study its energy and economic impact on different market participants, this article adopts a global dynamic computable general equilibrium model with a detailed representation of the interactions between energy and economic systems. Our model includes 20 economic sectors and 19 regions, and describes in detail 17 energy technologies. Bundled with fossil fuel consumptions, the emission permits are considered to be essential inputs in each of the production and consumption activities in the economic system to simulate global carbon market policies. Carbon emission permits are endogenously set in the model, and can be traded between sectors and regions. Considering the current development of the global carbon market, this study takes 2020 as the study period. Four scenarios (reference scenario, independent carbon market scenario, Europe Union (EU)–Australia scenario, and China-EU-Australia scenario) are designed to evaluate the impact of the global carbon market involving China, the EU, and Australia. We find that the carbon price in the three countries varies a lot, from $32/tCO2 in Australia, to $17.5/tCO2 in the EU, and to $10/tCO2 in China. Though the relative emission reduction (3%) in China is lower than that in the EU (9%) and Australia (18%), the absolute emission reduction in China is far greater than that in the EU and Australia. When China is included in the carbon market, which already includes the EU and Australia, the prevailing global carbon price falls from $22 per ton carbon dioxide (CO2) to $12/tCO2, due to the relatively lower abatement cost in China. Seventy-one percent of the EU’s and eighty-one percent of Australia’s domestic reduction burden would be transferred to China, increasing 0.03% of the EU’s and 0.06% of Australia’s welfare. The emission constraint improves the energy efficiency of China’s industry sector by 1.4%, reduces coal consumption by 3.3%, and increases clean energy by 3.5%.

ACS Style

Tianyu Qi; Yuanzhe Yang; Xiliang Zhang. Energy and economic impacts of an international multi-regional carbon market. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 2015, 13, 16 -20.

AMA Style

Tianyu Qi, Yuanzhe Yang, Xiliang Zhang. Energy and economic impacts of an international multi-regional carbon market. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment. 2015; 13 (1):16-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianyu Qi; Yuanzhe Yang; Xiliang Zhang. 2015. "Energy and economic impacts of an international multi-regional carbon market." Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 13, no. 1: 16-20.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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ACS Style

Da Zhang; Weiming Xiong; Chun Tang; Zhen Liu; Xiliang Zhang. Determining the appropriate amount of subsidies for wind power: The integrated renewable power planning (IRPP) model and its application in China. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2014, 6, 141 -148.

AMA Style

Da Zhang, Weiming Xiong, Chun Tang, Zhen Liu, Xiliang Zhang. Determining the appropriate amount of subsidies for wind power: The integrated renewable power planning (IRPP) model and its application in China. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2014; 6 ():141-148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Da Zhang; Weiming Xiong; Chun Tang; Zhen Liu; Xiliang Zhang. 2014. "Determining the appropriate amount of subsidies for wind power: The integrated renewable power planning (IRPP) model and its application in China." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 6, no. : 141-148.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2014 in Energy Policy
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ACS Style

Tianyu Qi; Xiliang Zhang; Valerie J. Karplus. The energy and CO2 emissions impact of renewable energy development in China. Energy Policy 2014, 68, 60 -69.

AMA Style

Tianyu Qi, Xiliang Zhang, Valerie J. Karplus. The energy and CO2 emissions impact of renewable energy development in China. Energy Policy. 2014; 68 ():60-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianyu Qi; Xiliang Zhang; Valerie J. Karplus. 2014. "The energy and CO2 emissions impact of renewable energy development in China." Energy Policy 68, no. : 60-69.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Energy Economics
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ACS Style

Tianyu Qi; Niven Winchester; Valerie J. Karplus; Xiliang Zhang. Will economic restructuring in China reduce trade-embodied CO2 emissions? Energy Economics 2014, 42, 204 -212.

AMA Style

Tianyu Qi, Niven Winchester, Valerie J. Karplus, Xiliang Zhang. Will economic restructuring in China reduce trade-embodied CO2 emissions? Energy Economics. 2014; 42 ():204-212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianyu Qi; Niven Winchester; Valerie J. Karplus; Xiliang Zhang. 2014. "Will economic restructuring in China reduce trade-embodied CO2 emissions?" Energy Economics 42, no. : 204-212.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2014 in Renewable Energy Systems
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ACS Style

Henrik Lund; Brian Vad Mathiesen; Wen Liu; Xiliang Zhang; Woodrow W. Clark. Analysis. Renewable Energy Systems 2014, 185 -238.

AMA Style

Henrik Lund, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Wen Liu, Xiliang Zhang, Woodrow W. Clark. Analysis. Renewable Energy Systems. 2014; ():185-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Lund; Brian Vad Mathiesen; Wen Liu; Xiliang Zhang; Woodrow W. Clark. 2014. "Analysis." Renewable Energy Systems , no. : 185-238.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Energy Procedia
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ACS Style

Weiming Xiong; Da Zhang; Peggy Mischke; Xiliang Zhang. Impacts of Renewable Energy Quota System on China's Future Power Sector. Energy Procedia 2014, 61, 1187 -1190.

AMA Style

Weiming Xiong, Da Zhang, Peggy Mischke, Xiliang Zhang. Impacts of Renewable Energy Quota System on China's Future Power Sector. Energy Procedia. 2014; 61 ():1187-1190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weiming Xiong; Da Zhang; Peggy Mischke; Xiliang Zhang. 2014. "Impacts of Renewable Energy Quota System on China's Future Power Sector." Energy Procedia 61, no. : 1187-1190.

Book chapter
Published: 21 June 2013 in Transition to Renewable Energy Systems
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ACS Style

Xiliang Zhang; Tianyu Qi; Valerie J Karplus. The Impact of Renewable Energy Development on Energy and CO2Emissions in China. Transition to Renewable Energy Systems 2013, 29 -46.

AMA Style

Xiliang Zhang, Tianyu Qi, Valerie J Karplus. The Impact of Renewable Energy Development on Energy and CO2Emissions in China. Transition to Renewable Energy Systems. 2013; ():29-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiliang Zhang; Tianyu Qi; Valerie J Karplus. 2013. "The Impact of Renewable Energy Development on Energy and CO2Emissions in China." Transition to Renewable Energy Systems , no. : 29-46.

Research article
Published: 16 May 2013 in Journal of Energy
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Tsinghua life-cycle analysis model (TLCAM) has been used to examine the primary fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for natural gas- (NG-) based alternative vehicle fuels in China. The results show that (1) compress NG- and liquid NG-powered vehicles have similar well-to-wheels (WTW) fossil energy uses to conventional gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles, but differences emerge with the distance of NG transportation. Additionally, thanks to NG having a lower carbon content than petroleum, CNG- and LNG-powered vehicles emit 10–20% and 5–10% less GHGs than gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles, respectively; (2) gas-to-liquid- (GTL-) powered vehicles involve approximately 50% more WTW fossil energy uses than conventional gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles, primarily because of the low efficiency of GTL production. Nevertheless, since NG has a lower carbon content than petroleum, GTL-powered vehicles emit approximately 30% more GHGs than conventional-fuel vehicles; (3) The carbon emission intensity of the LNG energy chain is highly sensitive to the efficiency of NG liquefaction and the form of energy used in that process.

ACS Style

Xunmin Ou; Xiliang Zhang. Life-Cycle Analyses of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions of Natural Gas-Based Alternative Vehicle Fuels in China. Journal of Energy 2013, 2013, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Xunmin Ou, Xiliang Zhang. Life-Cycle Analyses of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions of Natural Gas-Based Alternative Vehicle Fuels in China. Journal of Energy. 2013; 2013 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xunmin Ou; Xiliang Zhang. 2013. "Life-Cycle Analyses of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions of Natural Gas-Based Alternative Vehicle Fuels in China." Journal of Energy 2013, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2013 in Energy Policy
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Understanding the life-cycle private cost (LCPC) of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is important for market feasibility analysis. An HEV LCPC model was established to evaluate HEV market prospects in China compared with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). The Kluger HV, a full-hybrid HEV sports utility vehicle (SUV), aimed at the Chinese market, was simulated as the 2010 model's technology details were well publicized. The LCPC of the Kluger HV was roughly the same (about 1.06 times) as that of its comparable ICEV (Highlander SUV). This aligns with other compact and midsize HEV cars (e.g., Toyota Prius, Honda Civic and Toyota Camry HEV) in China. With oil prices predicted to rise in the long-term, the advantage of HEVs energy saving will partly compensate the high manufacturing costs associated with their additional motor/battery components. Besides supporting technology development, enabling policy should be implemented to introduce HEV technology into taxi fleets and business cars. This technology's cost-competitiveness, compared with traditional ICEVs, is advantageous for these higher mileage vehicles.

ACS Style

Chengtao Lin; Tian Wu; Xunmin Ou; Qian Zhang; Xu Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. Life-cycle private costs of hybrid electric vehicles in the current Chinese market. Energy Policy 2013, 55, 501 -510.

AMA Style

Chengtao Lin, Tian Wu, Xunmin Ou, Qian Zhang, Xu Zhang, Xiliang Zhang. Life-cycle private costs of hybrid electric vehicles in the current Chinese market. Energy Policy. 2013; 55 ():501-510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengtao Lin; Tian Wu; Xunmin Ou; Qian Zhang; Xu Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. 2013. "Life-cycle private costs of hybrid electric vehicles in the current Chinese market." Energy Policy 55, no. : 501-510.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Low Carbon Economy
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Based on the analysis on the development trend of vehicle technology, vehicle price, vehicle fuel economy and fuel supply price, the new energy vehicle (NEV) passenger car development scale is projected on different scenario with the application of life time cost model. Three scenarios are set to find electric vehicle (EV) and fuel cell vehicle (FCV) development potential in future to their pessimistic and optimistic assumptions in China. The results are demonstrated: 1) NEV development needs a long time due to high initial cost for vehicle buyer; 2) EV will develop quickly under if there is quick development of battery technology; and 3) FCV can only develop in a large scale in 20 - 30 years even in the optimistic scenario.

ACS Style

Xunmin Ou; China╃Qian Zhang╃Xu Zhang╃Xiliang Zhang; Xu Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. China’s New Energy Passenger Vehicle Development Scenario Analysis Based on Life Time Cost Modelling. Low Carbon Economy 2013, 04, 71 -79.

AMA Style

Xunmin Ou, China╃Qian Zhang╃Xu Zhang╃Xiliang Zhang, Xu Zhang, Xiliang Zhang. China’s New Energy Passenger Vehicle Development Scenario Analysis Based on Life Time Cost Modelling. Low Carbon Economy. 2013; 04 (02):71-79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xunmin Ou; China╃Qian Zhang╃Xu Zhang╃Xiliang Zhang; Xu Zhang; Xiliang Zhang. 2013. "China’s New Energy Passenger Vehicle Development Scenario Analysis Based on Life Time Cost Modelling." Low Carbon Economy 04, no. 02: 71-79.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Open Journal of Energy Efficiency
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Energy consumption for transport purposes has increased rapidly in China over the past decade. China’s transport industry has undergone remarkable developments in energy conservation through structural, technological and managerial measures. The paper analyzes energy-conservation policies and measures related to road transport in China. The paper also identifies constraints for these policies and measures. The transport management authorities face a series of difficulties associated with methods, costs, public awareness, and management systems. Suggestions for improvement are also offered, including promotion of energy-efficient private vehicles, advances in business vehicle energy conservation, exploiting the energy potential of urban traffic and infrastructure development for energy-efficient clean vehicles.

ACS Style

Xiaoyi He; Xunmin Ou; Xiliang Zhang; Xu Zhang; Qian Zhang. Energy Conservation in China’s Road Transport: Policy Analysis. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2013, 02, 121 -124.

AMA Style

Xiaoyi He, Xunmin Ou, Xiliang Zhang, Xu Zhang, Qian Zhang. Energy Conservation in China’s Road Transport: Policy Analysis. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency. 2013; 02 (03):121-124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoyi He; Xunmin Ou; Xiliang Zhang; Xu Zhang; Qian Zhang. 2013. "Energy Conservation in China’s Road Transport: Policy Analysis." Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 02, no. 03: 121-124.