Corrugated cardboard is widely used for packaging due to its sturdiness and lightweight properties. However, its ability to withstand lateral forces during handling, transportation, and storage is critical for maintaining its structural integrity. In this study, the problem of understanding and quantifying the strain experienced by corrugated cardboard boxes under shear stresses at various points in their lifecycle is addressed. Specifically, a precise methodology for testing shear stresses was developed and validated, enhancing the understanding of the material’s behaviour. Several key problems are addressed in this research, including the quantification of the amount of strain experienced by cardboard boxes from a warehouse to the final delivery, the development of a reliable testing methodology to measure shear stresses, and the understanding of the mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of corrugated cardboard under these conditions. It is anticipated that the findings will improve the design and durability of corrugated cardboard packaging, ensuring better performance during transportation and storage. This research contributes to the optimisation of logistics, the improvement of packaging quality, and the support of sustainable development by enhancing the reuse and recyclability of corrugated cardboard.

For comprehending tribological phenomena such as wear, friction, contact deformation and tightness of contact joints is the essential characterisation of the multiple scale topography of roughness surfaces. Wheel roughness obtained through direct measurement and then a description of wheel roughness has been obtained using the fractal function. The statistical parameters and fractal sizes for drive wheels which ran 2000 km and another ones new wheels have been analysed.By registering the results and programmable automaton of the roughness, the principal statistical characteristics were determined to be stands out the Abbott-Firestone curve and respectively, the fractal character. The appearance of roughness on the surface of the wheel causes the production of vertical vibrations that act on the complex wheel-rail system.In the analysis of the wheel irregularity, the fractal geometry was applied, so that to obtain the fractal parameters D_w, respectively L_tw (opothesy length), the method of the structure function was used [1, 2]. Therefore, the experimental measurement and obtained results processed presented.

The aim of this paper is to design a new electrical transportation device using structural materials. It concerns with the idea of a new, safe and ecological way of transportation for people in urban areas. The design consists in developing a three-wheeled electric vehicle frame that can carry loads up to 140Kg, is lightweight and easy to store in closed spaces. The design process consists in developing a 3D model, a physical prototype and the optimization of the frame using CAD software with the finite element method.

The aim of this paper is to design a passenger train storage system. It concerns with the idea of safe storage in public transportation. The design consists of developing a new type of storage system complying with the standards of the European Union (EU) that can improve the railroad transportation system.

Nonlinear elastic models have been widely used to describe the mechanical behaviour of complex materials such as skin. The subject of skin modelling is fairly new and of great importance to fields such as robotics and the development of skin-like materials to orthopaedics and prosthetics. The present article serves to add to the findings of previous authors and present experimental values gathered using the “Stick-Slip Experimental Stand” within the Machine Elements and Tribology Department on the tribological aspects regarding friction at very low speeds. The scope of this article is to evaluate the static and kinetic friction coefficients of the human skin in contact with different materials. A total of 5 different materials were tested to find the static and kinetic friction coefficient. The tested materials were steel, bronze, and 3 types of materials found on the inside of working gloves in direct contact with human skin: leather (bovine origin) and 2 types of textiles (cotton and nylon). All tests were performed at 1.8 mm/min, with an initial load of 7.5 Newton and a test time of 1000 seconds. The total distance evaluated was 9.25 mm.