This study presents a comparative analysis of software platforms and computational methods used in the design of three-dimensional lattice structures and functionally graded materials (FGMs). Through systematic evaluation of 31 computational platforms across seven critical criteria (lattice type support, parametric control, conformal generation, multi-material capabilities, ease of use, FEA integration, and AM compatibility), this review identifies that specialized platforms significantly outperform general-purpose CAD tools, with scores exceeding 30/35 points compared to 15–20/35 for conventional systems. The analysis reveals that implicit and voxel-based representations dominate high-performance applications, while traditional boundary-representation methods approach fundamental limitations for complex lattice generation. Emerging machine learning-driven frameworks demonstrate 82% reduction in optimization iterations through Bayesian optimization and achieve property prediction speedups of nearly 100× compared to computational homogenization, enabling rapid inverse design workflows previously computationally infeasible. These insights provide researchers with evidence-based guidance for selecting computational approaches aligned with specific manufacturing capabilities and design objectives.

Corrugated cardboard is widely used for packaging due to its sturdiness and lightweight properties. However, its ability to withstand lateral forces during handling, transportation, and storage is critical for maintaining its structural integrity. In this study, the problem of understanding and quantifying the strain experienced by corrugated cardboard boxes under shear stresses at various points in their lifecycle is addressed. Specifically, a precise methodology for testing shear stresses was developed and validated, enhancing the understanding of the material’s behaviour. Several key problems are addressed in this research, including the quantification of the amount of strain experienced by cardboard boxes from a warehouse to the final delivery, the development of a reliable testing methodology to measure shear stresses, and the understanding of the mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of corrugated cardboard under these conditions. It is anticipated that the findings will improve the design and durability of corrugated cardboard packaging, ensuring better performance during transportation and storage. This research contributes to the optimisation of logistics, the improvement of packaging quality, and the support of sustainable development by enhancing the reuse and recyclability of corrugated cardboard.

The high heels footwear industry is permantly evolving due to the increasing attention given to combine confort and elegance. The purpose of footwear has changed with the evolution in the fashion industry and it is no longer limited only to protect the feet. This paper represents a first step to develop customized shoes outer sole, taking into consideration the unicity of each individual anatomy. Another important aspect is the manufacturing of these outer soles using plastic materials. The additive manufacturing presents itself as a viable option in obtaing a working prototype. Based on previous research, an analysis has been performed in order to optimise the design and its functionality. The study validation has been done using FEA and Topology Opimisation.

Materiale Plastice - a peer-reviewed scientific journal,specialised in the field of chemistry, polymers, elastomers and plastics research

The ability to control pelvis movements is very important during gait. However, the pelvis mechanism is an underdeveloped component of gait rehabilitation systems. Any blocked or reduced pelvis degree-of-motion leads to abnormal gait patterns. The RELIVE system is an overground gait training system that includes a mechatronic subsystem for vertical alternative oscillation of the pelvic girdle, which provides assistance for pelvic movements, by allowing rotational and translational movements of the pelvis during the walking cycle. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence on pelvic angular motions in order to identify the strong and the weak points of the subsystem, for future development. We recorded data regarding tilt, obliquity, transverse rotation and symmetry index, using BTS G-Walk. The RELIVE system has proven to reduce the amplitude of angular movements and therefore, to partially provide control of the center of mass, by reducing the trajectory excursions. The RELIVE system has huge potential in controlling pelvic motions and center-of-mass trajectories, but more research is needed for future development.