Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting 2% of the Western population. It includes diverse manifestations influenced by genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune status. The sustained activation of mTOR is a key element in psoriasis pathogenesis, leading to an uncontrolled proliferation of cytokines. Furthermore, mTOR activation has been linked with the transition from psoriasis to non-skin manifestations such as psoriatic arthritis and cardiovascular events. While therapies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines have shown efficacy, additional pathways may offer therapeutic potential. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, known for its role in cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in psoriasis. This review explores the relevance of mTOR in psoriasis pathophysiology, focusing on its involvement in cutaneous and atheromatous plaque proliferation, psoriatic arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. The activation of mTOR promotes keratinocyte and synovial cell proliferation, contributing to plaque formation and joint inflammation. Moreover, mTOR activation may exacerbate the cardiovascular risk by promoting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and dysregulation lipid and glucose metabolism. The inhibition of mTOR has shown promise in preclinical studies, reducing skin inflammation and plaque proliferation. Furthermore, mTOR inhibition may mitigate cardiovascular risk by modulating cholesterol metabolism and attenuating atherosclerosis progression. Understanding the role of mTOR in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and cardiovascular disease provides insight into the potential treatment avenues and sheds light on the complex interplay of the immune and metabolic pathways in these conditions.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) comprise a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders with variable systemic involvement. Among them, dermatomyositis (DM) is the subtype with the most extensive biomarker characterization due to its defined immunopathology and frequent association with interstitial lung disease (ILD). This narrative review summarizes studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 2025, focusing on non-autoantibody biomarkers in DM. Reported categories include soluble proteins, cytokines, chemokines, muscle-specific microRNAs, and transcriptomic signatures reflecting interferon activation, tissue injury, and fibrotic remodeling. Among the most validated molecules, interferon-stimulated genes, ferritin, KL-6, SP-D, and CXCL10 demonstrate diagnostic and prognostic value, particularly in anti-MDA5-positive DM, where they support early identification of patients at risk for rapidly progressive ILD. However, despite increasing evidence, most biomarkers lack disease specificity, standardized cutoffs, and multicenter validation, while molecular assays remain confined to specialized laboratories. Clinically accessible markers such as ferritin, KL-6, and CXCL10 currently offer the highest translational potential. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of study designs and analytical methods continues to limit comparability and routine clinical integration. Future research should prioritize the validation of composite biomarker panels through standardized, multicentric studies to enhance diagnostic precision and enable precision medicine approaches in DM and related inflammatory myopathies.

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), not fully explained by traditional risk factors and disease activity alone. This study explored the relationship between circulating monocyte subsets, inflammatory cytokine profiles, and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex (mTORC) signaling in RA patients with and without a history of CVD. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 9 RA patients with prior CVD, 9 carefully matched RA controls without CVD, and 6 healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. Matching was rigorously conducted across clinically relevant variables, including age, sex, blood pressure, lipid profile, smoking status, RA duration, disease activity, Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) failures, and steroid use. Monocyte subsets were classified as inflammatory (CD14⁺HLA-DR⁺CCR2⁺) and non-inflammatory (CD14⁺CD163⁺CCR2⁻). Results: RA-CVD⁺ patients exhibited higher frequencies of inflammatory monocytes and elevated intracellular levels of Interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) compared to RA-CVD⁻ patients and healthy controls. mTORC activation, assessed by phosphorylation of S6 Ribosomal Protein (S6Rp), was significantly increased in inflammatory monocytes from RA-CVD⁺ patients. Conclusions: S6Rp correlated with IL-1β and IL-6 levels only in the RA-CVD⁺ group, suggesting a link between mTORC activity and inflammatory monocyte function. Notably, these inflammatory features did not correlate with disease activity scores or disease duration. We observed increased mTORC1 signaling in inflammatory monocytes in RA-CVD⁺ patients, suggesting a potential association with cardiovascular comorbidity.

Introduction: Oral cavity cancer represents a relevant public health problem in Chile due to its high morbidity and mortality, which is highly associated with diagnosis at advanced stages, despite being a largely preventable disease. Objective: This study analyzes the available evidence on public health interventions at the level of prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and management of oral cavity cancer, both international and national literature. Methodology: A bibliographic review of the scientific literature was conducted, including indexed publications and grey literature, prioritizing reviews, meta-analyses, and official documents from the last 10 years. Result: At the international level, the evidence supports the control of alcohol and tobacco consumption, together with vaccination against Human Papillomavirus, as the main pillars of primary prevention; while visual oral examination remains the method of choice for screening in high-risk populations due to its high cost-effectiveness and feasibility. In contrast, although in Chile there are regulatory policies and campaigns aimed at the main risk factors, there are no early detection programs nor standardized national clinical guidelines. Discussion: In agreement with previous Chilean reviews, this gap in management still persists, leading to delayed diagnoses, inequities in access to care, and poorer clinical outcomes. Conclusions: The implementation of systematic early detection strategies and the development of national clinical guidelines based on updated evidence represents a priority need to strengthen the response of the Chilean health system to oral cavity cancer.

Introducción: El melanoma cutáneo ocasionó aproximadamente 331.722 casos nuevos y 58.667 muertes en el mundo en 2022. En Chile, la exposición a rayos ultravioleta constituye un problema preventivo relevante y persisten brechas en conductas de protección solar. Objetivo: Favorecer la adquisición de conocimientos y conductas preventivas sobre exposición solar y el reconocimiento de lesiones cutáneas sospechosas en usuarios de Atención Primaria de Salud. Metodología: Se realizó una intervención educativa participativa en 20 usuarios de 11 a 74 años del programa Vida Sana del Centro de Salud Familiar La Granja. Se aplicaron dos pautas breves de preguntas, una inicial y otra posterior, elaboradas ad hoc y registradas de forma agregada. La actividad incluyó exposición participativa, material visual, discusión guiada, resolución de dudas y trípticos. Resultado: Al inicio, 5 de 20 participantes usaban protector solar diariamente, ninguno lo reaplicaba, 2 conocían signos de alarma y la regla ABCDE, y 6 utilizaban gorro o sombrero. Tras la actividad, la totalidad de los usuarios declaró haber aprendido algo nuevo y planear cambios de hábitos; 14 respondieron comprender el uso correcto del fotoprotector y 9 reconocieron lesiones sospechosas. Conclusión: La intervención permitió documentar adquisición inmediata de conocimientos autorreportados e intención de cambio, aunque el reconocimiento de lesiones sospechosas fue menor. Su formato breve y de bajo requerimiento material podría adaptarse a otros contextos de Atención Primaria de Salud, incorporando instrumentos validados y seguimiento para evaluar cambios conductuales sostenidos.