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In 2016, we conducted an entomological survey in a railway transect between Banfora and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The aim was to evaluate the risk factors for arbovirus epidemics, including vector infection status, in areas representative of the country. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected at larval stage from four study sites and reared until adult stage and kept in RNAlater for detection of arbovirus RNA. In the laboratory, the mosquito specimens were screened for dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) using one step real-time qRT-PCR. We detected one DENV-2 positive pool from Ouagadougou, giving a minimum infec-tion rate (MIR) of 16.67, and 6 CHIKV positive pools, giving a MIR of 66.67 from Ouagadougou, but also in Banfora and Boromo. The qRT-PCR is a useful tool for the surveillance of arboviruses of public health importance in Burkina Faso and may be incorporated into disease surveillance and control programs in Burkina Faso.
Aristide Sawdetuo Hien; Ibrahim Sangaré; Eric L. Parfait Ouattara; Simon P. Sawadogo; Diloma D. Soma; Maiga Hamidou; Abdoulaye Diabaté; Emmanuel Bonnet; Valéry Ridde; Florence Fournet; Carina Kaupra; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla; Frances M. Hawkes; Roch K. Dabiré. Chikungunya (Togaviridae) and Dengue 2 (Flaviviridae) Viruses Isolated from Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes by qRT-PCR Technique: Xenosurveillance for Arboviruses Circulating in Burkina Faso. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAristide Sawdetuo Hien, Ibrahim Sangaré, Eric L. Parfait Ouattara, Simon P. Sawadogo, Diloma D. Soma, Maiga Hamidou, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Emmanuel Bonnet, Valéry Ridde, Florence Fournet, Carina Kaupra, Jérémy Bouyer, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Frances M. Hawkes, Roch K. Dabiré. Chikungunya (Togaviridae) and Dengue 2 (Flaviviridae) Viruses Isolated from Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes by qRT-PCR Technique: Xenosurveillance for Arboviruses Circulating in Burkina Faso. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAristide Sawdetuo Hien; Ibrahim Sangaré; Eric L. Parfait Ouattara; Simon P. Sawadogo; Diloma D. Soma; Maiga Hamidou; Abdoulaye Diabaté; Emmanuel Bonnet; Valéry Ridde; Florence Fournet; Carina Kaupra; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla; Frances M. Hawkes; Roch K. Dabiré. 2021. "Chikungunya (Togaviridae) and Dengue 2 (Flaviviridae) Viruses Isolated from Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes by qRT-PCR Technique: Xenosurveillance for Arboviruses Circulating in Burkina Faso." , no. : 1.
The Joint FAO/IAEA Centre (formerly called Division) of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture was established in 1964 and its accompanying laboratories in 1961. One of its subprograms deals with insect pest control, and has the mandate to develop and implement the sterile insect technique (SIT) for selected key insect pests, with the goal of reducing the use of insecticides, reducing animal and crop losses, protecting the environment, facilitating international trade in agricultural commodities and improving human health. Since its inception, the Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) (formerly named Entomology Unit) has been implementing research in relation to the development of the SIT package for insect pests of crops, livestock and human health. This paper provides a review of research carried out between 2010 and 2020 at the IPCL. Research on plant pests has focused on the development of genetic sexing strains, characterizing and assessing the performance of these strains (e.g., Ceratitis capitata), elucidation of the taxonomic status of several members of the Bactrocera dorsalis and Anastrepha fraterculus complexes, the use of microbiota as probiotics, genomics, supplements to improve the performance of the reared insects, and the development of the SIT package for fruit fly species such as Bactrocera oleae and Drosophila suzukii. Research on livestock pests has focused on colony maintenance and establishment, tsetse symbionts and pathogens, sex separation, morphology, sterile male quality, radiation biology, mating behavior and transportation and release systems. Research with human disease vectors has focused on the development of genetic sexing strains (Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus), the development of a more cost-effective larvae and adult rearing system, assessing various aspects of radiation biology, characterizing symbionts and pathogens, studying mating behavior and the development of quality control procedures, and handling and release methods. During the review period, 13 coordinated research projects (CRPs) were completed and six are still being implemented. At the end of each CRP, the results were published in a special issue of a peer-reviewed journal. The review concludes with an overview of future challenges, such as the need to adhere to a phased conditional approach for the implementation of operational SIT programs, the need to make the SIT more cost effective, to respond with demand driven research to solve the problems faced by the operational SIT programs and the use of the SIT to address a multitude of exotic species that are being introduced, due to globalization, and established in areas where they could not survive before, due to climate change.
Marc Vreysen; Adly Abd-Alla; Kostas Bourtzis; Jeremy Bouyer; Carlos Caceres; Chantel de Beer; Danilo Oliveira Carvalho; Hamidou Maiga; Wadaka Mamai; Katerina Nikolouli; Hanano Yamada; Rui Pereira. The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010–2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique. Insects 2021, 12, 346 .
AMA StyleMarc Vreysen, Adly Abd-Alla, Kostas Bourtzis, Jeremy Bouyer, Carlos Caceres, Chantel de Beer, Danilo Oliveira Carvalho, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Katerina Nikolouli, Hanano Yamada, Rui Pereira. The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010–2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique. Insects. 2021; 12 (4):346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarc Vreysen; Adly Abd-Alla; Kostas Bourtzis; Jeremy Bouyer; Carlos Caceres; Chantel de Beer; Danilo Oliveira Carvalho; Hamidou Maiga; Wadaka Mamai; Katerina Nikolouli; Hanano Yamada; Rui Pereira. 2021. "The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010–2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique." Insects 12, no. 4: 346.
Tsetse eradication continues to be a top priority for African governments including that of Senegal, which embarked on a project to eliminate Glossina palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes area, following an area-wide integrated pest management approach with an SIT component. A successful SIT programme requires competitive sterile males of high biological quality. This may be hampered by handling processes including irradiation and the release mechanisms, necessitating continued improvement of these processes, to maintain the quality of flies. A new prototype of an automated chilled adult release system (Bruno Spreader Innovation, (BSI™)) for tsetse flies was tested for its accuracy (in counting) and release rate consistency. Also, its impact on the quality of the released sterile males was evaluated on performance indicators, including flight propensity, mating competitiveness, premating and mating duration, insemination rate of mated females and survival of male flies. The BSITM release system accurately counted and homogenously released flies at the lowest motor speed set (0.6 rpm), at a consistent rate of 60±9.58 males/min. Also, the release process, chilling (6 ± 1°C) and passing of flies through the machine) had no significant negative impact on the male flight propensity, mating competitiveness, premating and mating durations and the insemination rates. Only the survival of flies was negatively affected whether under feeding or starvation. The positive results of this study show that the BSI™ release system is promising for use in future tsetse SIT programmes. However, the negative impact of the release process on survival of flies needs to be addressed in future studies and results of this study confirmed under operational field conditions in West Africa.
Caroline K. Mirieri; Gratian N. Mutika; Jimmy Bruno; Momar Talla Seck; Baba Sall; Andrew G. Parker; Monique M. Van Oers; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jeremy Bouyer; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla. A new automated chilled adult release system for the aerial distribution of sterile male tsetse flies. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0232306 .
AMA StyleCaroline K. Mirieri, Gratian N. Mutika, Jimmy Bruno, Momar Talla Seck, Baba Sall, Andrew G. Parker, Monique M. Van Oers, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Jeremy Bouyer, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla. A new automated chilled adult release system for the aerial distribution of sterile male tsetse flies. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (9):e0232306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaroline K. Mirieri; Gratian N. Mutika; Jimmy Bruno; Momar Talla Seck; Baba Sall; Andrew G. Parker; Monique M. Van Oers; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jeremy Bouyer; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla. 2020. "A new automated chilled adult release system for the aerial distribution of sterile male tsetse flies." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9: e0232306.
Background Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases primarily relies on the management of the vector. Traditional control methods are insufficient to control mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males with the aim to induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as the released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. Methods We evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Results CHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1 and 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed the prediction of the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. Conclusions Mosquito-borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have a SIT component by reducing the time and the manpower needed to conduct this quality control process.
Zhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. Parasites & Vectors 2020, 13, 1 -13.
AMA StyleZhaoyang Tang, Hanano Yamada, Carina Kraupa, Sumejja Canic, Núria Busquets, Sandra Talavera, Davy Jiolle, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. Parasites & Vectors. 2020; 13 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla. 2020. "High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools." Parasites & Vectors 13, no. 1: 1-13.
Background: Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases primarily relies on the management of the vector. Traditional control methods are insufficient to control mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males with the aim to induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as the released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. Methods: We evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV).Results: CHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1 and 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed the prediction of the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection.Conclusions: Mosquito-borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have a SIT component by reducing the time and the manpower needed to conduct this quality control process.
Zhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleZhaoyang Tang, Hanano Yamada, Carina Kraupa, Sumejja Canic, Núria Busquets, Sandra Talavera, Davy Jiolle, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer, Adly Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. 2020. "High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools." , no. : 1.
BackgroundMosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases primarily relies on the management of the vector. Traditional control methods such as source reduction and chemical insecticides, have proven to be sufficient to prevent the proliferation and spread of mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males with the aim to induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as the released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined.MethodsWe evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV).ResultsCHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1, 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed the prediction of the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection.ConclusionMosquito borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have an SIT component by reducing the time and the manpower needed to conduct this quality control process.
Zhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleZhaoyang Tang, Hanano Yamada, Carina Kraupa, Sumejja Canic, Núria Busquets, Sandra Talavera, Davy Jiolle, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer, Adly Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. 2020. "High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools." , no. : 1.
Background Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases primarily relies on the management of the vector. Traditional control methods such as source reduction and chemical insecticides, have proven to be sufficient to prevent the proliferation and spread of mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males with the aim to induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as the released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. Methods We evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV).Results CHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1, 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed the prediction of the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. The corresponding equation uses a Ct value of 36 as a cut-off value for virus detection and a virus copy number of 108 for the positive mosquito body used to spike mosquito pools, to predict the possibility of detecting CHIK, USUV, ZIKV and WNV in mosquito pools composed of 5.08 x 105, 8.74 x 106, 2.33 x 107, and 5.24 x 105 mosquitoes respectively.Conclusion Mosquito borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have an SIT component by reducing the time and the manpower needed to conduct this quality control process.
Zhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleZhaoyang Tang, Hanano Yamada, Carina Kraupa, Sumejja Canic, Núria Busquets, Sandra Talavera, Davy Jiolle, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer, Adly Abd-Alla. High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. 2020. "High sensitivity of one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect low virus titers in large mosquito pools." , no. : 1.
BackgroundMosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and spread diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines, the control of mosquito-borne diseases often relies on management of the vector. Traditional control methods such as source reduction and chemical insecticides, have proven not to be sufficient to prevent the proliferation and spread of mosquito populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an additional control method that can be combined with other control tactics to suppress specific mosquito populations. The SIT requires the mass-rearing and release of sterile males that would induce sterility in the wild female population. Samples collected from the environment for laboratory colonization, as well as released males, should be free from mosquito-borne viruses (MBV). Therefore, efficient detection methods with defined detection limits for MBV are required. Although a one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed to detect arboviruses in human and mosquito samples, its detection limit in mosquito samples has yet to be defined. MethodsWe evaluated the detection sensitivity of one step RT-qPCR for targeted arboviruses in large mosquito pools, using pools of non-infected mosquitoes of various sizes (165, 320 and 1600 mosquitoes) containing one infected mosquito body with defined virus titers of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), usutu virus (USUV), West Nile (WNV) virus and Zika virus (ZIKV).ResultsCHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, in the largest mosquito pools (1600 mosquitoes), RT-qPCR was able to detect the targeted viruses using different total RNA quantities (10, 1, 0.1 ng per reaction) as a template. Correlating the virus titer with the total RNA quantity allowed predicting the maximum number of mosquitoes per pool in which the RT-qPCR can theoretically detect the virus infection. The corresponding equation uses a Ct value of 36 as a cut-off value for virus detection and a virus copy number of 108 for the positive mosquito body. Based on this formula, the detection limits of CHIK, USUV, ZIKV and WNV were 5.08 x 105, 8.74 x 106, 2.33 x 107, and 5.24 x 105, respectively.ConclusionMosquito borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. This will represent an important step to expand pathogen-free colonies for mass-rearing sterile males for programmes that have an SIT component.
Zhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. Detection limit of viruses in mosquitoes by one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleZhaoyang Tang, Hanano Yamada, Carina Kraupa, Sumejja Canic, Núria Busquets, Sandra Talavera, Davy Jiolle, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Jérémy Bouyer, Adly Abd-Alla. Detection limit of viruses in mosquitoes by one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoyang Tang; Hanano Yamada; Carina Kraupa; Sumejja Canic; Núria Busquets; Sandra Talavera; Davy Jiolle; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Jérémy Bouyer; Adly Abd-Alla. 2020. "Detection limit of viruses in mosquitoes by one-step real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR." , no. : 1.
Background: Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes that cause the debilitating diseases human African trypanosomosis (HAT) or sleeping sickness in humans and animal African trypanosomosis (AAT) or nagana in livestock. The riverine tsetse species Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) inhabits riparian forests along river systems in West Africa. The Government of Senegal has embarked on a project to eliminate a population of this tsetse species from the Niayes area with the objective to manage AAT in the area. The project is implemented following an area-wide integrated pest management approach with an SIT component. The SIT can only be successful when the sterile males that are released in the field are of high biological quality, i.e. have the same dispersal capacity, survival and competitiveness as their wild counterparts. To date, sterile tsetse males have been released by air using biodegradable cardboard cartons that were manually dropped from a fixed-wing aircraft or gyrocopter. The cardboard boxes are however expensive, and the system is rather cumbersome to implement. Methods: A new prototype of an automated chilled adult release system (Bruno Spreader Innovation, (BSI™)) for tsetse flies was tested for its accuracy (in counting numbers of sterile males as loaded into the machine), release rate consistency and impact on quality of the released males. The impact of the release process was evaluated on several performance indicators of the irradiated male flies such as flight propensity, survival, mating competitiveness, premating and mating duration, and insemination rate of mated females. Results: The BSI TM release system counted with a consistent accuracy and released homogenously tsetse flies at the lowest motor speed (0.6 rpm). In addition, the chilling conditions (6 ± 1 o C) and the release process (passing of flies through the machine) had no significant negative impact on the males' flight propensity. No significant differences were observed between the control males (no irradiation and no exposure to the release process), irradiated males (no exposure to the release process) and irradiated males exposed to the release process with respect to mating competitiveness, premating period and mating duration. Only survival of irradiated males that were exposed to the release process was reduced, irrespective of whether the males were held with or without feeding. Conclusion: Although the release process had a negative effect on survival of the flies, the data of the experiments indicate that the BSI machine holds promise for use in operational tsetse SIT programmes. The promising results of this study will now need to be confirmed under operational field conditions in West Africa.
Caroline Mirieri; Gratian N Mutika; Jimmy Bruno; Momar Talla Seck; Baba Sall; Andrew G. Parker; Monique M. Van Oers; Marc J.B. Vreysen; Bouyer Bouyer; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla. A new automated chilled adult release system for the aerial distribution of sterile male tsetse flies. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleCaroline Mirieri, Gratian N Mutika, Jimmy Bruno, Momar Talla Seck, Baba Sall, Andrew G. Parker, Monique M. Van Oers, Marc J.B. Vreysen, Bouyer Bouyer, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla. A new automated chilled adult release system for the aerial distribution of sterile male tsetse flies. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaroline Mirieri; Gratian N Mutika; Jimmy Bruno; Momar Talla Seck; Baba Sall; Andrew G. Parker; Monique M. Van Oers; Marc J.B. Vreysen; Bouyer Bouyer; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla. 2020. "A new automated chilled adult release system for the aerial distribution of sterile male tsetse flies." , no. : 1.
Insect viruses were isolated from many insect pests from different families to represent a potential alternative for chemical pesticides. Viruses from families baculoviruses, cypoviruses, and densoviruses have been registered as biological control agents. Insect viruses are considered effective and environmental-friendly which may contribute to the achievement of sustainable agriculture goals through providing a suitable alternative to the chemical insecticides which have negative impacts on the environment and to the non-target organisms. However, the application of insect viruses as bio-control agents also have certain limitations. These include their slow action to their target, narrow host range, problems associated with the large-scale production and the development of insect host resistance against certain viruses. This chapter will discuss the challenges and the prospective use of insect viruses as biological control agents.
Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; Irene K. Meki; Güler Demirbas-Uzel. Insect Viruses as Biocontrol Agents: Challenges and Opportunities. Cottage Industry of Biocontrol Agents and Their Applications 2019, 277 -295.
AMA StyleAdly M. M. Abd-Alla, Irene K. Meki, Güler Demirbas-Uzel. Insect Viruses as Biocontrol Agents: Challenges and Opportunities. Cottage Industry of Biocontrol Agents and Their Applications. 2019; ():277-295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdly M. M. Abd-Alla; Irene K. Meki; Güler Demirbas-Uzel. 2019. "Insect Viruses as Biocontrol Agents: Challenges and Opportunities." Cottage Industry of Biocontrol Agents and Their Applications , no. : 277-295.
Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse flies are distinguished from other Diptera by unique adaptations, including lactation and the birthing of live young (obligate viviparity), a vertebrate blood-specific diet by both sexes, and obligate bacterial symbiosis. This work describes the comparative analysis of six Glossina genomes representing three sub-genera: Morsitans (G. morsitans morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. austeni), Palpalis (G. palpalis, G. fuscipes), and Fusca (G. brevipalpis) which represent different habitats, host preferences, and vectorial capacity. Genomic analyses validate established evolutionary relationships and sub-genera. Syntenic analysis of Glossina relative to Drosophila melanogaster shows reduced structural conservation across the sex-linked X chromosome. Sex-linked scaffolds show increased rates of female-specific gene expression and lower evolutionary rates relative to autosome associated genes. Tsetse-specific genes are enriched in protease, odorant-binding, and helicase activities. Lactation-associated genes are conserved across all Glossina species while male seminal proteins are rapidly evolving. Olfactory and gustatory genes are reduced across the genus relative to other insects. Vision-associated Rhodopsin genes show conservation of motion detection/tracking functions and variance in the Rhodopsin detecting colors in the blue wavelength ranges. Expanded genomic discoveries reveal the genetics underlying Glossina biology and provide a rich body of knowledge for basic science and disease control. They also provide insight into the evolutionary biology underlying novel adaptations and are relevant to applied aspects of vector control such as trap design and discovery of novel pest and disease control strategies.
Geoffrey M. Attardo; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; Alvaro Acosta-Serrano; James E. Allen; Rosemary Bateta; Joshua B. Benoit; Kostas Bourtzis; Jelle Caers; Guy Caljon; Mikkel B. Christensen; David W. Farrow; Markus Friedrich; Aurélie Hua-Van; Emily C. Jennings; Denis M. Larkin; Daniel Lawson; Michael J. Lehane; Vasileios Panagiotis Lenis; Ernesto Lowy-Gallego; Rosaline W. Macharia; Anna R. Malacrida; Heather G. Marco; Daniel Masiga; Gareth L. Maslen; Irina Matetovici; Richard P. Meisel; Irene Meki; Veronika Michalkova; Wolfgang J. Miller; Patrick Minx; Paul O. Mireji; Lino Ometto; Andrew G. Parker; Rita Rio; Clair Rose; Andrew J. Rosendale; Omar Rota-Stabelli; Grazia Savini; Liliane Schoofs; Francesca Scolari; Martin T. Swain; Peter Takáč; Chad Tomlinson; George Tsiamis; Jan Van Den Abbeele; Aurélien Vigneron; Jingwen Wang; Wesley C. Warren; Robert M. Waterhouse; Matthew T. Weirauch; Brian L. Weiss; Richard K. Wilson; Xin Zhao; Serap Aksoy. Comparative genomic analysis of six Glossina genomes, vectors of African trypanosomes. Genome Biology 2019, 20, 1 -31.
AMA StyleGeoffrey M. Attardo, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Alvaro Acosta-Serrano, James E. Allen, Rosemary Bateta, Joshua B. Benoit, Kostas Bourtzis, Jelle Caers, Guy Caljon, Mikkel B. Christensen, David W. Farrow, Markus Friedrich, Aurélie Hua-Van, Emily C. Jennings, Denis M. Larkin, Daniel Lawson, Michael J. Lehane, Vasileios Panagiotis Lenis, Ernesto Lowy-Gallego, Rosaline W. Macharia, Anna R. Malacrida, Heather G. Marco, Daniel Masiga, Gareth L. Maslen, Irina Matetovici, Richard P. Meisel, Irene Meki, Veronika Michalkova, Wolfgang J. Miller, Patrick Minx, Paul O. Mireji, Lino Ometto, Andrew G. Parker, Rita Rio, Clair Rose, Andrew J. Rosendale, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Grazia Savini, Liliane Schoofs, Francesca Scolari, Martin T. Swain, Peter Takáč, Chad Tomlinson, George Tsiamis, Jan Van Den Abbeele, Aurélien Vigneron, Jingwen Wang, Wesley C. Warren, Robert M. Waterhouse, Matthew T. Weirauch, Brian L. Weiss, Richard K. Wilson, Xin Zhao, Serap Aksoy. Comparative genomic analysis of six Glossina genomes, vectors of African trypanosomes. Genome Biology. 2019; 20 (1):1-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeoffrey M. Attardo; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; Alvaro Acosta-Serrano; James E. Allen; Rosemary Bateta; Joshua B. Benoit; Kostas Bourtzis; Jelle Caers; Guy Caljon; Mikkel B. Christensen; David W. Farrow; Markus Friedrich; Aurélie Hua-Van; Emily C. Jennings; Denis M. Larkin; Daniel Lawson; Michael J. Lehane; Vasileios Panagiotis Lenis; Ernesto Lowy-Gallego; Rosaline W. Macharia; Anna R. Malacrida; Heather G. Marco; Daniel Masiga; Gareth L. Maslen; Irina Matetovici; Richard P. Meisel; Irene Meki; Veronika Michalkova; Wolfgang J. Miller; Patrick Minx; Paul O. Mireji; Lino Ometto; Andrew G. Parker; Rita Rio; Clair Rose; Andrew J. Rosendale; Omar Rota-Stabelli; Grazia Savini; Liliane Schoofs; Francesca Scolari; Martin T. Swain; Peter Takáč; Chad Tomlinson; George Tsiamis; Jan Van Den Abbeele; Aurélien Vigneron; Jingwen Wang; Wesley C. Warren; Robert M. Waterhouse; Matthew T. Weirauch; Brian L. Weiss; Richard K. Wilson; Xin Zhao; Serap Aksoy. 2019. "Comparative genomic analysis of six Glossina genomes, vectors of African trypanosomes." Genome Biology 20, no. 1: 1-31.
Background: Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are the sole vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse are distinguished from other Diptera by unique adaptations, including lactation and the birthing of live young (obligate viviparity), a vertebrate blood specific diet by both sexes and obligate bacterial symbiosis. This work describes comparative analysis of six Glossina genomes representing three sub-genera: Morsitans (G. morsitans morsitans (G.m. morsitans), G. pallidipes, G. austeni), Palpalis (G. palpalis, G. fuscipes) and Fusca (G. brevipalpis) which represent different habitats, host preferences and vectorial capacity. Results: Genomic analyses validate established evolutionary relationships and sub-genera. Syntenic analysis of Glossina relative to Drosophila melanogaster shows reduced structural conservation across the sex-linked X chromosome. Sex linked scaffolds show increased rates of female specific gene expression and lower evolutionary rates relative to autosome associated genes. Tsetse specific genes are enriched in protease, odorant binding and helicase activities. Lactation associated genes are conserved across all Glossina species while male seminal proteins are rapidly evolving. Olfactory and gustatory genes are reduced across the genus relative to other characterized insects. Vision associated Rhodopsin genes show conservation of motion detection/tracking functions and significant variance in the Rhodopsin detecting colors in the blue wavelength ranges. Conclusions: Expanded genomic discoveries reveal the genetics underlying Glossina biology and provide a rich body of knowledge for basic science and disease control. They also provide insight into the evolutionary biology underlying novel adaptations and are relevant to applied aspects of vector control such as trap design and discovery of novel pest and disease control strategies.
Geoffrey Michael Attardo; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla; Alvaro Acosta-Serrano; James E Allen; Rosemary Bateta; Joshua Benoit; Kostas Bourtzis; Jelle Caers; Guy Caljon; Mikkel B. Christensen; David W. Farrow; Markus Friedrich; Aurélie Hua-Van; Emily C. Jennings; Denis M Larkin; Daniel Lawson; Michael J. Lehane; Vasileios P. Lenis; Ernesto Lowy-Gallego; Rosaline W. Macharia; Anna R. Malacrida; Heather G. Marco; Daniel Masiga; Gareth L. Maslen; Irina Matetovici; Richard P. Meisel; Irene Meki; Veronika Michalkova; Wolfgang J. Miller; Patrick Minx; Paul O. Mireji; Lino Ometto; Andrew G. Parker; Rita Rio; Clair Rose; Andrew J. Rosendale; Omar Rota Stabelli; Grazia Savini; Liliane Schoofs; Francesca Scolari; Martin T. Swain; Peter Takáč; Chad Tomlinson; George Tsiamis; Jan Van Den Abbeele; Aurélien Vigneron; Jingwen Wang; Wesley C. Warren; Robert M. Waterhouse; Matthew T. Weirauch; Brian L. Weiss; Richard K. Wilson; Xin Zhao; Serap Aksoy. The Glossina Genome Cluster: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Vectors of African Trypanosomes. 2019, 531749 .
AMA StyleGeoffrey Michael Attardo, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Alvaro Acosta-Serrano, James E Allen, Rosemary Bateta, Joshua Benoit, Kostas Bourtzis, Jelle Caers, Guy Caljon, Mikkel B. Christensen, David W. Farrow, Markus Friedrich, Aurélie Hua-Van, Emily C. Jennings, Denis M Larkin, Daniel Lawson, Michael J. Lehane, Vasileios P. Lenis, Ernesto Lowy-Gallego, Rosaline W. Macharia, Anna R. Malacrida, Heather G. Marco, Daniel Masiga, Gareth L. Maslen, Irina Matetovici, Richard P. Meisel, Irene Meki, Veronika Michalkova, Wolfgang J. Miller, Patrick Minx, Paul O. Mireji, Lino Ometto, Andrew G. Parker, Rita Rio, Clair Rose, Andrew J. Rosendale, Omar Rota Stabelli, Grazia Savini, Liliane Schoofs, Francesca Scolari, Martin T. Swain, Peter Takáč, Chad Tomlinson, George Tsiamis, Jan Van Den Abbeele, Aurélien Vigneron, Jingwen Wang, Wesley C. Warren, Robert M. Waterhouse, Matthew T. Weirauch, Brian L. Weiss, Richard K. Wilson, Xin Zhao, Serap Aksoy. The Glossina Genome Cluster: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Vectors of African Trypanosomes. . 2019; ():531749.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeoffrey Michael Attardo; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla; Alvaro Acosta-Serrano; James E Allen; Rosemary Bateta; Joshua Benoit; Kostas Bourtzis; Jelle Caers; Guy Caljon; Mikkel B. Christensen; David W. Farrow; Markus Friedrich; Aurélie Hua-Van; Emily C. Jennings; Denis M Larkin; Daniel Lawson; Michael J. Lehane; Vasileios P. Lenis; Ernesto Lowy-Gallego; Rosaline W. Macharia; Anna R. Malacrida; Heather G. Marco; Daniel Masiga; Gareth L. Maslen; Irina Matetovici; Richard P. Meisel; Irene Meki; Veronika Michalkova; Wolfgang J. Miller; Patrick Minx; Paul O. Mireji; Lino Ometto; Andrew G. Parker; Rita Rio; Clair Rose; Andrew J. Rosendale; Omar Rota Stabelli; Grazia Savini; Liliane Schoofs; Francesca Scolari; Martin T. Swain; Peter Takáč; Chad Tomlinson; George Tsiamis; Jan Van Den Abbeele; Aurélien Vigneron; Jingwen Wang; Wesley C. Warren; Robert M. Waterhouse; Matthew T. Weirauch; Brian L. Weiss; Richard K. Wilson; Xin Zhao; Serap Aksoy. 2019. "The Glossina Genome Cluster: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Vectors of African Trypanosomes." , no. : 531749.
Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; George Tsiamis; Drion G. Boucias. Special issue on enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection-foreword. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 141 .
AMA StyleAdly M. M. Abd-Alla, George Tsiamis, Drion G. Boucias. Special issue on enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection-foreword. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdly M. M. Abd-Alla; George Tsiamis; Drion G. Boucias. 2018. "Special issue on enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection-foreword." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 141.
The management of the tsetse species Glossina pallidipes (Diptera; Glossinidae) in Africa by the sterile insect technique (SIT) has been hindered by infections of G. pallidipes production colonies with Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV; Hytrosaviridae family). This virus can significantly decrease productivity of the G. pallidipes colonies. Here, we used three highly diverged genes and two variable number tandem repeat regions (VNTRs) of the GpSGHV genome to identify the viral haplotypes in seven Glossina species obtained from 29 African locations and determine their phylogenetic relatedness. GpSGHV was detected in all analysed Glossina species using PCR. The highest GpSGHV prevalence was found in G. pallidipes colonized at FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) that originated from Uganda (100%) and Tanzania (88%), and a lower prevalence in G. morsitans morsitans from Tanzania (58%) and Zimbabwe (20%). Whereas GpSGHV was detected in 25–40% of G. fuscipes fuscipes in eastern Uganda, the virus was not detected in specimens of neighboring western Kenya. Most of the identified 15 haplotypes were restricted to specific Glossina species in distinct locations. Seven haplotypes were found exclusively in G. pallidipes. The reference haplotype H1 (GpSGHV-Uga; Ugandan strain) was the most widely distributed, but was not found in G. swynnertoni GpSGHV. The 15 haplotypes clustered into three distinct phylogenetic clades, the largest contained seven haplotypes, which were detected in six Glossina species. The G. pallidipes-infecting haplotypes H10, H11 and H12 (from Kenya) clustered with H7 (from Ethiopia), which presumably corresponds to the recently sequenced GpSGHV-Eth (Ethiopian) strain. These four haplotypes diverged the most from the reference H1 (GpSGHV-Uga). Haplotypes H1, H5 and H14 formed three main genealogy hubs, potentially representing the ancestors of the 15 haplotypes. These data identify G. pallidipes as a significant driver for the generation and diversity of GpSGHV variants. This information may provide control guidance when new tsetse colonies are established and hence, for improved management of the virus in tsetse rearing facilities that maintain multiple Glossina species.
Irene K. Meki; Henry Kariithi; Mehrdad Ahmadi; Andrew G. Parker; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Just M. Vlak; Monique M. Van Oers; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla. Hytrosavirus genetic diversity and eco-regional spread in Glossina species. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 143 .
AMA StyleIrene K. Meki, Henry Kariithi, Mehrdad Ahmadi, Andrew G. Parker, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Just M. Vlak, Monique M. Van Oers, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla. Hytrosavirus genetic diversity and eco-regional spread in Glossina species. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene K. Meki; Henry Kariithi; Mehrdad Ahmadi; Andrew G. Parker; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Just M. Vlak; Monique M. Van Oers; Adly M.M. Abd-Alla. 2018. "Hytrosavirus genetic diversity and eco-regional spread in Glossina species." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 143.
Microbiota plays an important role in the biology, ecology and evolution of insects including tsetse flies. The bacterial profile of 3 Glossina palpalis gambiensis laboratory colonies was examined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the dynamics of the bacterial diversity within and between each G. p. gambiensis colony. The three G. p. gambiensis laboratory colonies displayed similar bacterial diversity indices and OTU distribution. Larval guts displayed a higher diversity when compared with the gastrointestinal tract of adults while no statistically significant differences were observed between testes and ovaries. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis were the most dominant taxa. In more detail, the gastrointestinal tract of adults was more enriched by Wigglesworthia while Sodalis were prominent in gonads. Interestingly, in larval guts a balanced co-existence between Wigglesworthia and Sodalis was observed. Sequences assigned to Wolbachia, Propionibacterium, and Providencia were also detected but to a much lesser degree. Clustering analysis indicated that the bacterial profile in G. p. gambiensis exhibits tissue tropism, hence distinguishing the gut bacterial profile from that present in reproductive organs. Our results indicated that age, gender and the origin of the laboratory colonies did not significantly influence the formation of the bacterial profile, once these populations were kept under the same rearing conditions. Within the laboratory populations a tissue tropism was observed between the gut and gonadal bacterial profile.
Vangelis Doudoumis; Antonios Augustinos; Aggeliki Saridaki; Andrew Parker; Adly M M Abd-Alla; Kostas Bourtzis; George Tsiamis. Different laboratory populations similar bacterial profile? The case of Glossina palpalis gambiensis. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 148 .
AMA StyleVangelis Doudoumis, Antonios Augustinos, Aggeliki Saridaki, Andrew Parker, Adly M M Abd-Alla, Kostas Bourtzis, George Tsiamis. Different laboratory populations similar bacterial profile? The case of Glossina palpalis gambiensis. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVangelis Doudoumis; Antonios Augustinos; Aggeliki Saridaki; Andrew Parker; Adly M M Abd-Alla; Kostas Bourtzis; George Tsiamis. 2018. "Different laboratory populations similar bacterial profile? The case of Glossina palpalis gambiensis." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 148.
Tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) display unique reproductive biology traits. Females reproduce through adenotrophic viviparity, nourishing the growing larva into their modified uterus until parturition. Males transfer their sperm and seminal fluid, produced by both testes and male accessory glands, in a spermatophore capsule transiently formed within the female reproductive tract upon mating. Both sexes are obligate blood feeders and have evolved tight relationships with endosymbionts, already shown to provide essential nutrients lacking in their diet. However, the partnership between tsetse and its symbionts has so far been investigated, at the molecular, genomic and metabolomics level, only in females, whereas the roles of microbiota in male reproduction are still unexplored. Here we begin unravelling the impact of microbiota on Glossina m. morsitans (G. morsitans) male reproductive biology by generating transcriptomes from the reproductive tissues of males deprived of their endosymbionts (aposymbiotic) via maternal antibiotic treatment and dietary supplementation. We then compared the transcriptional profiles of genes expressed in the male reproductive tract of normal and these aposymbiotic flies. We showed that microbiota removal impacts several male reproductive genes by depressing the activity of genes in the male accessory glands (MAGs), including sequences encoding seminal fluid proteins, and increasing expression of genes in the testes. In the MAGs, in particular, the expression of genes related to mating, immunity and seminal fluid components' synthesis is reduced. In the testes, the absence of symbionts activates genes involved in the metabolic apparatus at the basis of male reproduction, including sperm production, motility and function. Our findings mirrored the complementary roles male accessory glands and testes play in supporting male reproduction and open new avenues for disentangling the interplay between male insects and endosymbionts. From an applied perspective, unravelling the metabolic and functional relationships between tsetse symbionts and male reproductive physiology will provide fundamental information useful to understanding the biology underlying improved male reproductive success in tsetse. This information is of particular importance in the context of tsetse population control via Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and its impact on trypanosomiasis transmission.
Francesca Scolari; Geoffrey Michael Attardo; Emre Aksoy; Brian Weiss; Grazia Savini; Peter Takac; Adly Abd-Alla; Andrew Gordon Parker; Serap Aksoy; Anna Rodolfa Malacrida. Symbiotic microbes affect the expression of male reproductive genes in Glossina m. morsitans. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 169 .
AMA StyleFrancesca Scolari, Geoffrey Michael Attardo, Emre Aksoy, Brian Weiss, Grazia Savini, Peter Takac, Adly Abd-Alla, Andrew Gordon Parker, Serap Aksoy, Anna Rodolfa Malacrida. Symbiotic microbes affect the expression of male reproductive genes in Glossina m. morsitans. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Scolari; Geoffrey Michael Attardo; Emre Aksoy; Brian Weiss; Grazia Savini; Peter Takac; Adly Abd-Alla; Andrew Gordon Parker; Serap Aksoy; Anna Rodolfa Malacrida. 2018. "Symbiotic microbes affect the expression of male reproductive genes in Glossina m. morsitans." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 169.
Hytrosaviruses (SGHVs; Hytrosaviridae family) are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that cause salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) syndrome in flies. Two structurally and functionally distinct SGHVs are recognized; Glossina pallidipes SGHV (GpSGHV) and Musca domestica SGHV (MdSGHV), that infect the hematophagous tsetse fly and the filth-feeding housefly, respectively. Genome sizes and gene contents of GpSGHV (~ 190 kb; 160–174 genes) and MdSGHV (~ 124 kb; 108 genes) may reflect an evolution with the SGHV-hosts resulting in differences in pathobiology. Whereas GpSGHV can switch from asymptomatic to symptomatic infections in response to certain unknown cues, MdSGHV solely infects symptomatically. Overt SGH characterizes the symptomatic infections of SGHVs, but whereas MdSGHV induces both nuclear and cellular hypertrophy (enlarged non-replicative cells), GpSGHV induces cellular hyperplasia (enlarged replicative cells). Compared to GpSGHV’s specificity to Glossina species, MdSGHV infects other sympatric muscids. The MdSGHV-induced total shutdown of oogenesis inhibits its vertical transmission, while the GpSGHV’s asymptomatic and symptomatic infections promote vertical and horizontal transmission, respectively. This paper reviews the coevolution of the SGHVs and their hosts (housefly and tsetse fly) based on phylogenetic relatedness of immune gene orthologs/paralogs and compares this with other virus-insect models. Whereas MdSGHV is not vertically transmitted, GpSGHV is both vertically and horizontally transmitted, and the balance between the two transmission modes may significantly influence the pathogenesis of tsetse virus. The presence and absence of bacterial symbionts (Wigglesworthia and Sodalis) in tsetse and Wolbachia in the housefly, respectively, potentially contributes to the development of SGH symptoms. Unlike MdSGHV, GpSGHV contains not only host-derived proteins, but also appears to have evolutionarily recruited cellular genes from ancestral host(s) into its genome, which, although may be nonessential for viral replication, potentially contribute to the evasion of host’s immune responses. Whereas MdSGHV has evolved strategies to counteract both the housefly’s RNAi and apoptotic responses, the housefly has expanded its repertoire of immune effector, modulator and melanization genes compared to the tsetse fly. The ecologies and life-histories of the housefly and tsetse fly may significantly influence coevolution of MdSGHV and GpSGHV with their hosts. Although there are still many unanswered questions regarding the pathogenesis of SGHVs, and the extent to which microbiota influence expression of overt SGH symptoms, SGHVs are attractive ‘explorers’ to elucidate the immune responses of their hosts, and the transmission modes of other large DNA viruses.
Henry Kariithi; Drion G. Boucias; Edwin K. Murungi; Irene K. Meki; Güler Demirbaş-Uzel; Monique M. Van Oers; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; Just M. Vlak. Coevolution of hytrosaviruses and host immune responses. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 183 .
AMA StyleHenry Kariithi, Drion G. Boucias, Edwin K. Murungi, Irene K. Meki, Güler Demirbaş-Uzel, Monique M. Van Oers, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Just M. Vlak. Coevolution of hytrosaviruses and host immune responses. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenry Kariithi; Drion G. Boucias; Edwin K. Murungi; Irene K. Meki; Güler Demirbaş-Uzel; Monique M. Van Oers; Marc J. B. Vreysen; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; Just M. Vlak. 2018. "Coevolution of hytrosaviruses and host immune responses." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 183.
With the absence of effective prophylactic vaccines and drugs against African trypanosomosis, control of this group of zoonotic neglected tropical diseases depends the control of the tsetse fly vector. When applied in an area-wide insect pest management approach, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is effective in eliminating single tsetse species from isolated populations. The need to enhance the effectiveness of SIT led to the concept of investigating tsetse-trypanosome interactions by a consortium of researchers in a five-year (2013-2018) Coordinated Research Project (CRP) organized by the Joint Division of FAO/IAEA. The goal of this CRP was to elucidate tsetse-symbiome-pathogen molecular interactions to improve SIT and SIT-compatible interventions for trypanosomoses control by enhancing vector refractoriness. This would allow extension of SIT into areas with potential disease transmission. This paper highlights the CRP's major achievements and discusses the science-based perspectives for successful mitigation or eradication of African trypanosomosis.
Henry Kariithi; Irene K Meki; Daniela I Schneider; Linda De Vooght; Fathiya M Khamis; Anne Geiger; Guler Demirbaş-Uzel; Just M Vlak; Ikbal Agah Ince; Sorge Kelm; Flobert Njiokou; Florence N Wamwiri; Imna I Malele; Brian L Weiss; Adly M M Abd-Alla. Enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection: achievements, challenges and perspectives. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 179 .
AMA StyleHenry Kariithi, Irene K Meki, Daniela I Schneider, Linda De Vooght, Fathiya M Khamis, Anne Geiger, Guler Demirbaş-Uzel, Just M Vlak, Ikbal Agah Ince, Sorge Kelm, Flobert Njiokou, Florence N Wamwiri, Imna I Malele, Brian L Weiss, Adly M M Abd-Alla. Enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection: achievements, challenges and perspectives. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenry Kariithi; Irene K Meki; Daniela I Schneider; Linda De Vooght; Fathiya M Khamis; Anne Geiger; Guler Demirbaş-Uzel; Just M Vlak; Ikbal Agah Ince; Sorge Kelm; Flobert Njiokou; Florence N Wamwiri; Imna I Malele; Brian L Weiss; Adly M M Abd-Alla. 2018. "Enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection: achievements, challenges and perspectives." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 179.
Tsetse fly-borne trypanosomiasis remains a significant problem in Africa despite years of interventions and research. The need for new strategies to control and possibly eliminate trypanosomiasis cannot be over-emphasized. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) infect their hosts through the cuticle and proliferate within the body of the host causing death in about 3–14 days depending on the concentration. During the infection process, EPF can reduce blood feeding abilities in hematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes, tsetse flies and ticks, which may subsequently impact the development and transmission of parasites. Here, we report on the effects of infection of tsetse fly (Glossina fuscipes fuscipes) by the EPF, Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 30 wild-type strain (WT) and green fluorescent protein-transformed strain (GZP-1) on the ability of the flies to harbor and transmit the parasite, Trypanosoma congolense. Teneral flies were fed T. congolense-infected blood for 2 h and then infected using velvet carpet fabric impregnated with conidia covered inside a cylindrical plastic tube for 12 h. Control flies were fed with T. congolense-infected blood but not exposed to the fungal treatment via the carpet fabric inside a cylindrical plastic tube. Insects were dissected at 2, 3, 5 and 7 days post-fungal exposure and the density of parasites quantified. Parasite load decreased from 8.7 × 107 at day 2 to between 8.3 × 104 and 1.3 × 105 T. congolense ml− 1 at day 3 post-fungal exposure in fungus-treated (WT and GZP-1) fly groups. When T. congolense-infected flies were exposed to either fungal strain, they did not transmit the parasite to mice whereas control treatment flies remained capable of parasite transmission. Furthermore, M. anisopliae-inoculated flies which fed on T. congolense-infected mice were not able to acquire the parasites at 4 days post-fungal exposure while parasite acquisition was observed in the control treatment during the same period. Infection of the vector G. f. fuscipes by the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae negatively affected the multiplication of the parasite T. congolense in the fly and reduced the vectorial capacity to acquire or transmit the parasite.
Lawrence G Wamiti; Fathiya M Khamis; Adly M M Abd-Alla; Fidelis L O Ombura; Komivi S Akutse; Sevgan Subramanian; Samuel O Odiwuor; Shem J Ochieng; Sunday Ekesi; Nguya K Maniania. Metarhizium anisopliae infection reduces Trypanosoma congolense reproduction in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and its ability to acquire or transmit the parasite. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 271 -278.
AMA StyleLawrence G Wamiti, Fathiya M Khamis, Adly M M Abd-Alla, Fidelis L O Ombura, Komivi S Akutse, Sevgan Subramanian, Samuel O Odiwuor, Shem J Ochieng, Sunday Ekesi, Nguya K Maniania. Metarhizium anisopliae infection reduces Trypanosoma congolense reproduction in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and its ability to acquire or transmit the parasite. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):271-278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLawrence G Wamiti; Fathiya M Khamis; Adly M M Abd-Alla; Fidelis L O Ombura; Komivi S Akutse; Sevgan Subramanian; Samuel O Odiwuor; Shem J Ochieng; Sunday Ekesi; Nguya K Maniania. 2018. "Metarhizium anisopliae infection reduces Trypanosoma congolense reproduction in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and its ability to acquire or transmit the parasite." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 271-278.
Symbiotic microbes represent a driving force of evolutionary innovation by conferring novel ecological traits to their hosts. Many insects are associated with microbial symbionts that contribute to their host’s nutrition, digestion, detoxification, reproduction, immune homeostasis, and defense. In addition, recent studies suggest a microbial involvement in chemical communication and mating behavior, which can ultimately impact reproductive isolation and, hence, speciation. Here we investigated whether a disruption of the microbiota through antibiotic treatment or irradiation affects cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, and possibly mate choice behavior in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans. Four independent experiments that differentially knock down the multiple bacterial symbionts of tsetse flies were conducted by subjecting tsetse flies to ampicillin, tetracycline, or gamma-irradiation and analyzing their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in comparison to untreated controls by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. In two of the antibiotic experiments, flies were mass-reared, while individual rearing was done for the third experiment to avoid possible chemical cross-contamination between individual flies. All three antibiotic experiments yielded significant effects of antibiotic treatment (particularly tetracycline) on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in both female and male G. m. morsitans, while irradiation itself had no effect on the CHC profiles. Importantly, tetracycline treatment reduced relative amounts of 15,19,23-trimethyl-heptatriacontane, a known compound of the female contact sex pheromone, in two of the three experiments, suggesting a possible implication of microbiota disturbance on mate choice decisions. Concordantly, both female and male flies preferred non-treated over tetracycline-treated flies in direct choice assays. While we cannot exclude the possibility that antibiotic treatment had a directly detrimental effect on fly vigor as we are unable to recolonize antibiotic treated flies with individual symbiont taxa, our results are consistent with an effect of the microbiota, particularly the obligate nutritional endosymbiont Wigglesworthia, on CHC profiles and mate choice behavior. These findings highlight the importance of considering host-microbiota interactions when studying chemical communication and mate choice in insects.
Tobias Engl; Veronika Michalkova; Brian L. Weiss; Güler D. Uzel; Peter Takac; Wolfgang J. Miller; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; Serap Aksoy; Martin Kaltenpoth. Effect of antibiotic treatment and gamma-irradiation on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and mate choice in tsetse flies (Glossina m. morsitans). BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 145 .
AMA StyleTobias Engl, Veronika Michalkova, Brian L. Weiss, Güler D. Uzel, Peter Takac, Wolfgang J. Miller, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Serap Aksoy, Martin Kaltenpoth. Effect of antibiotic treatment and gamma-irradiation on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and mate choice in tsetse flies (Glossina m. morsitans). BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTobias Engl; Veronika Michalkova; Brian L. Weiss; Güler D. Uzel; Peter Takac; Wolfgang J. Miller; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla; Serap Aksoy; Martin Kaltenpoth. 2018. "Effect of antibiotic treatment and gamma-irradiation on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and mate choice in tsetse flies (Glossina m. morsitans)." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 145.