Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs), synthesized from sugars and fatty alcohols, exhibit low surface tension, good foam, and biodegradability. This review systematically covers their structure–property relationships, synthetic methodologies and applications.

Hydrogen production through the catalytic pyrolysis of low-value organic solid waste offers a promising low-carbon and environmentally friendly pathway. However, the design of efficient hydrogen-producing catalysts remains a significant challenge. Herein, NiO/Al₂O₃ as a catalyst precursor was utilized to investigate the effects of reduction temperature gradients (300–800 °C) on the distribution of three-phase products and the composition of gaseous products during the pyrolysis of waste textiles. Compared to unreduced NiO/Al₂O₃, increasing the reduction temperature (300–700 °C) led to a gradual decrease in liquid-phase products and a notable increase in gas-phase products, with the latter rising by 10.59% at 700 °C. Most strikingly, hydrogen gas production increased by 6.42% under the same conditions. Multi-characterization analyses, including XRD, TEM, and H₂-TPR, revealed significant aggregation of highly dispersed Ni species in NiO/Al₂O₃ at higher reduction temperatures. The emergence of XRD characteristic peaks and the (111) crystal face of metallic Ni (Ni⁰) became apparent at 700 °C. More importantly, the XPS test inferred that the increasement of hydrogen-rich gas production was ascribed to the appropriate Ni⁰/Ni²⁺ ratio, and the highest hydrogen yield of 41.50% was achieved as the Ni⁰/Ni²⁺ ratio reached about 1.57. This work not only provides an effective solution for the consumption of waste textiles, but also converts it into high value-added hydrogen-rich gas.

The Ag/Ag ₂ S/Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X composites significantly enhance photocatalytic efficiency and CO ₂ reduction, offering a viable solution for sustainable energy production.

This study employed high-pressure ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (HP-UMAE) to extract gingerols from ginger. The extraction yield and total polyphenol content of the extracts were determined. Their antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and compared with extracts obtained by leaching extraction, reflux extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE). The results demonstrated that HP-UMAE achieved the highest extraction yield and the strongest ABTS radical scavenging activity among the evaluated methods. Furthermore, HP-UMAE extracts exhibited the highest concentrations of key gingerol constituents: 6-gingerol (14.29 mg/L), 8-gingerol (0.38 mg/L), 10-gingerol (1.95 mg/L), and 6-shogaol (4.32 mg/L). This enhanced efficacy is attributed to the synergistic combination of ultrasonic cavitation and microwave-induced thermal effects under elevated pressure. This synergy creates conditions promoting cellular wall disruption, facilitating the release of intracellular components, while concurrently enhancing solvent penetration and gingerol solubility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the significant structural damage inflicted on ginger cell walls following HP-UMAE treatment. The process parameters for HP-UMAE were optimized using single-factor experiments. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: microwave power 800 W, ultrasonic power 1000 W, liquid-to-solid ratio 55:1, and temperature 100 °C (corresponding pressure 2 MPa). Under these optimized parameters, the extraction yield and ABTS radical scavenging rate reached their peak performance, yielding values of 4.52% and 43.23%, respectively.

The production of waste textiles has increased rapidly in the past two decades along with the rapid development of the economy, the majority of which has been either landfilled or incinerated, resulting in energy loss and environmental pollution. Microwave pyrolysis, which can transform heterogeneous and complex waste feedstocks into value-added products, is considered one of the most competitive technologies for processing waste textiles. However, achieving selective product formation during the microwave pyrolysis of waste textiles remains a significant challenge. Herein, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, and nickel acetate were introduced into waste textiles through an impregnation method as raw materials to improve the pyrolysis efficiency. The optimized process parameters indicated that nickel acetate had the most favorable promotional effect of the three acetates. Notably, the waste textiles containing 1.0% Ni exhibited the highest gas production rate, with the hydrogen-containing combustible gas reaching 81.1% and 61.0%, respectively. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the waste textiles before and after pyrolysis, it was found that nickel acetate was converted into metallic nickel (Ni⁰) during microwave pyrolysis. This active site significantly enhanced the pyrolysis process, and as the gas yield increased, the disorder of the resulting pyrolytic carbon also rose. The proposed Ni⁰-enhanced microwave pyrolysis mediated by nickel acetate offers a novel method for the efficient disposal and simultaneous resource recovery of waste textiles.

Alkali-metals-poisoned Pd-SSZ-13 catalyst can be regenerated by a simple NH ₄ Cl washing procedure.