Degradation mechanism of the K–Fe/oxalic acid/H ₂ O ₂ /visible light system.

Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs), synthesized from sugars and fatty alcohols, exhibit low surface tension, good foam, and biodegradability. This review systematically covers their structure–property relationships, synthetic methodologies and applications.

Non-expensive CaMnO₃ perovskite oxide can assist in developing efficient g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts aimed at removing antibiotics from wastewater.

Hydrogen production through the catalytic pyrolysis of low-value organic solid waste offers a promising low-carbon and environmentally friendly pathway. However, the design of efficient hydrogen-producing catalysts remains a significant challenge. Herein, NiO/Al₂O₃ as a catalyst precursor was utilized to investigate the effects of reduction temperature gradients (300–800 °C) on the distribution of three-phase products and the composition of gaseous products during the pyrolysis of waste textiles. Compared to unreduced NiO/Al₂O₃, increasing the reduction temperature (300–700 °C) led to a gradual decrease in liquid-phase products and a notable increase in gas-phase products, with the latter rising by 10.59% at 700 °C. Most strikingly, hydrogen gas production increased by 6.42% under the same conditions. Multi-characterization analyses, including XRD, TEM, and H₂-TPR, revealed significant aggregation of highly dispersed Ni species in NiO/Al₂O₃ at higher reduction temperatures. The emergence of XRD characteristic peaks and the (111) crystal face of metallic Ni (Ni⁰) became apparent at 700 °C. More importantly, the XPS test inferred that the increasement of hydrogen-rich gas production was ascribed to the appropriate Ni⁰/Ni²⁺ ratio, and the highest hydrogen yield of 41.50% was achieved as the Ni⁰/Ni²⁺ ratio reached about 1.57. This work not only provides an effective solution for the consumption of waste textiles, but also converts it into high value-added hydrogen-rich gas.

The Ag/Ag ₂ S/Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X composites significantly enhance photocatalytic efficiency and CO ₂ reduction, offering a viable solution for sustainable energy production.

Photocatalytic processes have emerged as an efficacious strategy for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. In the present investigation, a BiVO₄ nanorod supported on Bi₂O₂S nanosheet catalyst (referred to as BiVO₄/Bi₂O₂S) was meticulously synthesized via a straightforward synthetic approach, aimed explicitly at the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC). The optimized BiVO₄/Bi₂O₂S composite, with a theoretical weight ratio of BiVO₄ to Bi₂O₂S at 2:1 (designated as 2BVO/BOS), demonstrated a significant improvement in tetracycline degradation efficiency, achieving up to 82.9% under visible light irradiation for 90 min. This result stands in stark contrast to the relatively low degradation rates of 42.9% and 50.7% observed for pure BiVO₄ and Bi₂O₂S, respectively. Furthermore, the apparent reaction rate of 2BVO/BOS (approximately 0.01894 min⁻¹) was 3.19-fold and 2.66-fold higher than those of BiVO₄ (0.00594 min⁻¹) and Bi₂O₂S (0.00713 min⁻¹), respectively. This significant improvement in photocatalytic efficacy can be ascribed to the composite’s superior capacity for visible light absorption, as well as its remarkable proficiency in charge carrier separation and transfer. Comprehensive experimental analyses, corroborated by extensive characterization techniques, revealed the formation of a distinctive S-scheme charge transfer mechanism at the interface between BiVO₄ and Bi₂O₂S. This mechanism effectively suppresses charge recombination and optimizes the redox potentials of the photogenerated carriers, thereby enhancing the overall photocatalytic performance. The current study underscores the remarkable potential and promising application of BiVO₄/Bi₂O₂S composite in the realm of wastewater treatment.