Multiple-soliton dynamic patterns have been observed experimentally in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser with graphene as a saturable absorber. Under relatively low pumping power we have obtained disordered multiple-solitons, bunched solitons and high order harmonic mode locking by adjusting the orientation of the polarization controllers. With increased pumping power, we have also observed flow of solitons. We have experimentally investigated in detail the conditions under which these patterns form.

We demonstrate a widely tunable Er:Yb-doped double-clad multiple-soliton fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). Based on both an artificial birefringent filtering effect of the cavity and population inversion related gain variation, the central wavelength can be continuously tuned over 75 nm range (1545–1620 nm). Wavelength tunability is achieved by controlling both the linear loss of the cavity and the polarization controllers (PCs). This is the widest tunable range yet reported in tunable passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers.

We demonstrate a passive mode-locked Er:Yb doped double-clad fiber laser using a microfiber-based topological insulator (Bi₂Se₃) saturable absorber (TISA). By optimizing the cavity loss and output coupling ratio, the mode-locked fiber laser can operate in L-band with high average output power. With the highest pump power of 5 W, 91st harmonic mode locking of soliton bunches with average output power of 308 mW was obtained. This is the first report that the TISA based erbium-doped fiber laser operating above 1.6 μm and is also the highest output power yet reported in TISA based passive mode-locked fiber laser.

We have experimentally demonstrated square pulses emission from a co-doped Er:Yb double-clad fiber laser operating in anomalous dispersion DSR regime using the nonlinear polarization evolution technique. Stable mode-locked pulses have a repetition rate of 373 kHz with 2.27 µJ energy per pulse under a pumping power of 30 W in cavity. With the increase of pump power, both the duration and the energy of the output square pulses broaden. The experimental results demonstrate that the passively mode-locked fiber laser operating in the anomalous regime can also realize a high-energy pulse, which is different from the conventional low-energy soliton pulse.

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We report on the experimental observation of bound states of solitons in a graphene mode locked erbium-doped fiber laser. By using graphene as a saturable absorber, we have obtained stable, single...