The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive interference by using the Dual-Task (DT) paradigm on gait parameters according to sex, and age. Additionally, we aim to explore the relationship between Dual-Task-Cost (DTC), physical fitness, cognitive functioning, and weight status in schoolchildren. One hundred schoolchildren participated in this study (age = 8.83 ± 1.82 years). They were randomly assigned to Comfortable Linear Gait (CLG: gait in a straight path) or Complex Gait (CG: gait over obstacles) with and without interference. For CLG, boys and girls showed a reduction in gait speed (p < 0.001), cadence (p < 0.01), and step length (p < 0.001). In addition, double support time (p < 0.05) and cadence coefficient of variance (boys= p < 0.01; girls= p < 0.05) increased in the DT condition. In the CG, both sexes (p < 0.001) exhibited a worse execution time. There were significant effects on speed DTC between 8-9 vs. 10-11 years in CLG and 6-7 vs. 10-11 years in CGT (p < 0.05). In conclusion, gait parameters during CLG and CG are modified in the DT condition, resulting in a slower gait with shorter steps, regardless of age and sex. DTC is associated with physical fitness and cognitive function.

Attentional resources are a cornerstone of both cognitive and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions on selective attention and visuoperceptual ability in young students. A total of 134 students (12.83 ± 1.23 years) joined this study. They were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) (n = 67), which watched a documentary, or an experimental group (EG) (n = 67), which performed 16 min of HIIT. Attention and visuoperceptual ability were assessed through the Perception of Similarities and Differences test (Caras-R test). A repeated-measures two-way ANOVA analysis was conducted. The CG showed an increased number of errors compared to the EG (p < 0.001) and showed a lower Impulsivity Control Index (p < 0.001) after the investigation. The EG, meanwhile, showed an increased number of hits (p < 0.001), Impulsivity Control Index (p < 0.001), and attentional efficacy (p < 0.001). In addition, the EG showed a decreased number of errors (p < 0.001) and omissions (p < 0.01). In conclusion, 16 min of HIIT was time-effective in improving selective attention and visuoperceptual ability in young students. These results show the importance of physical exercise and the promotion of physical activity breaks during the academic day to improve learning processes.

Background/Objectives: Eye–foot coordination is essential in sports and daily life, enabling the synchronization of vision and movement for tasks like ball control or crossing obstacles. This study aimed to examine both the validity and reliability of an innovative eye–foot coordination (EFC) test in a dual-task paradigm in children aged 6–11 years and the capacity of this test to discriminate between sex and age. Methods: A total of 440 schoolchildren aged 6–11 years participated in this cross-sectional study. A ball control test, involving kicking and catching, was used to assess EFC. The assessment included three conditions: without interference (WI), with auditory interference (AI), and with visual interference (VI). Results: The ICCs per the EFC test scores were 0.975 for foot successes (95% CI = 0.961–0.983; p < 0.001) and 0.747 for foot mistakes (95% CI = 0.611–0.835; p < 0.001). The SEM for the standing successes was 3.082 (10.81%), and the MDC was 4.860 (17.05%). For the standing mistakes, the SEM was 1.551 (19.33%) and the MDC was 3.452 (43.04%). Moreover, boys had a significantly higher number of successes in the WI, AI, and VI conditions (p < 0.001, respectively) than girls, although girls had more mistakes than boys only in the VI condition (p = 0.025). Conclusions: The EFC test showed adequate reliability and validity. Also, the EFC test showed that performance worsened with interference regardless of sex and age, especially in girls in the VI condition.

Aim: This study aimed to establish reference values for assessing physical fitness (PF) and motor competence (MC) in children aged 6 to 11 years, determine the prevalence of physically gifted and talented children and to explore the association between PF and MC as indicators of talent. Methods: 1108 Spanish schoolchildren aged 6 to 11 years (mean age = 8.45 ± 1.70 years old; 51% boys) participated in this study. The PF tests included the 20 m SRT (CRF), 25 m sprint (speed), handgrip strength and SLJ tests (muscular strength), while MC was assessed using the SDT. To identify prevalence, two criteria from the Gagné model were used: physical talent (≥95th percentile in one or more tests) and physical giftedness (≥75th percentile in all tests). Results: Boys demonstrated better performance compared to girls across all age groups: speed (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.977), handgrip strength (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.383), SLJ (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.992) and CRF (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.299). In the SDT, differences were observed between age groups (p < 0.001) but not between sexes. Likewise, boys showed a higher prevalence of talent (19% vs. 15%; p < 0.001) and physical giftedness (10% vs. 5%; p < 0.001) compared to girls. Additionally, different associations were found between PF and MC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Boys showed a higher prevalence of being categorized as talented or physically gifted than girls. Furthermore, differences in PF and MC are influenced by sex and age, with boys showing a better performance in PF.

El objetivo de este estudio fue Analizar la relación existente entre el número de pasos, la frecuencia cardiaca, la calidad del sueño y las calorías medidas a diario con respecto a variables de salud, calidad de vida y nivel de actividad física en personas mayores de 60 años. Un total de 54 participantes formaron parte de este estudio (67,19 ± 9,01 años). El número de pasos, frecuencia cardiaca y niveles de sueño se registraron a través de la pulsera Xiaomi Mi Band 4.0. Las variables de salud a través de cuestionarios físicos y cognitivos. Los resultados muestran que aquellos participantes con un mayor nivel de actividad física obtienen un valor promedio más alto en las variables de físicas y cognitivas, aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la comparación por sexo. En conclusión, los adultos mayores que dan más pasos semanales tienen una mejor condición física y cognitiva que aquellos que tienen un estilo de vida más sedentario. Las mujeres obtienen valores más altos en las variables físicas y cognitivas que los hombres.