This article addresses smallholder oil palm farming in Indonesia and the risk of falling into poverty by comparing contract and non-contract smallholders. We use an asset-based approach to define vulnerability and apply propensity score matching analysis to assess the impact of contract farming. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010 of 245 oil palm smallholder households, 126 of which were contract smallholders. The study finds that approximately 40 per cent of oil palm smallholders can be classified as stochastic-transient poor. We also show that while contract participation reduces the negative impact of oil palm price shocks, this is not the case for production shocks. The study concludes that despite positive income effects, contract smallholders also remain vulnerable to poverty.

This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the integration of circular economy (CE) principles into the agri-food supply chain over the past 20 years. The review aims to consolidate existing knowledge, identify research gaps, and provide actionable insights for future research. A comprehensive search across major databases yielded 1200 articles, which were screened, filtered, and assessed, resulting in a final selection of 100 high-quality studies. This review highlights the significant potential of the CE to enhance sustainability, reduce waste, and improve resource efficiency in the agri-food sector. These studies were categorized based on thematic issues, geographical regions, and supply chain stages. The findings highlight the predominant focus on waste management, resource efficiency, sustainable practices, and economic impacts, reflecting regional priorities and regulatory frameworks. The review also underscores the multiplier effect of CE implementation, which enhances sustainability and efficiency within the agri-food sector and generates significant economic and environmental benefits on a regional and global scale. Key challenges and areas for further research are identified, providing a comprehensive foundation for advancing CE practices in the agri-food supply chain.

This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial marketing, internet marketing, market orientation, and social entrepreneurship orientation on business sustainability, marketing performance, and competitiveness. A total of 235 micro-, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Jabodetabek and Sukabumi were successfully processed with SmartPLS 3 software to be analyzed using the SEM-PLS two-stage embedded approach. In micro-enterprises (MEs), the results of the analysis show that the variables of internet marketing, market orientation, and social entrepreneurship orientation have a significant positive effect on social aspects. Meanwhile, entrepreneurial marketing has a significant positive effect on environmental aspects. Furthermore, only two aspects of sustainability (economic and social aspects) have a positive effect on competitiveness and marketing performance. In another case with small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the results of the analysis show that variable market orientation has a positive effect on economic aspects and a negative effect on social aspects. While the social entrepreneurship orientation variable has a positive effect on social aspects, it has a negative effect on economic aspects. Furthermore, the economic aspects of SMEs have a positive effect on competitiveness and marketing performance. Environmental aspects have a positive effect on competitiveness, and social aspects affect marketing performance. Finally, competitiveness variables affect the marketing performance of SMEs. In general, it is necessary for the government to differentiate between MEs and SMEs because they have different business capabilities. MEs need a more social approach, while SMEs need a more economic approach in order to support their sustainability aspects.

An increasing business transaction can cause rapid growth in online shops and marketplace. One of the affected is an online shop. From several logistic services, tracking and tracing information services are the main focus in this study because online shops as the business partner have a lack of attention in these services. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors of online shop behavior in using tracking and tracing information services.This study used a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as the framework. The quantitative data were collected through questionnaires from 207 samples of online shops selling women’s fashion and listed in the marketplace. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with LISREL 8.70.The result of this study found that “the intention to use” the tracking and tracing information services depend on the effort expectancy (EE) dan social influence (SI), while “user behavior” depends on facilitating condition (FC) and the intention to use. The ease of access factor and learning the tracking and tracing information services are the important factors for the intention to use, whereas electronic devices and internet network factors used by the online shops are the main factors for the user behavior. Logistics companies need to provide information services that can help the online shops in controlling their goods in a good way where the ease of access and learning become the main focus that needs attention. Furthermore, online shops need to facilitate their admins with technological devices and a good internet network to make the admins easy to access information services.

Rata-rata penyelesaian masa studi program magister Sekolah Pascasarjana di Institut Pertanian Bogor kurang dari dua tahun (17,5%). Oleh karena itu, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi baik dari aspek internal maupun eksternal perlu dikaji. Faktor internal berasal dari dalam diri mahasiswa yang meliputi kemampuan akademik dan motivasi. Faktor eksternal mencakup faktor lingkungan dan pembimbing saat menyelesaikan tugas akhir. Pengambilan data dan informasi menggunakan instumen kuesioner yang terstruktur terhadap lulusan program magister. Analisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis faktor, dan regresi linier berganda. Penyelesaian masa studi meliputi faktor-faktor kualitas pembimbingan, pelayanan dan lingkungan, kemampuan mahasiswa, motivasi, responsif serta gelar dan prestis. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan penyelesaian masa studi sangat terkait dengan faktor-faktor eksternal yang berasal dari luar seperti layanan pendidikan dan faktor lingkungan, di antaranya lingkungan kampus yang bersih dan hijau, lingkungan belajar yang tenang dan nyaman. Responsif terhadap feedback dari pembimbing untuk segera memperbaiki tesis secara intens dan tepat waktu merupakan faktor internal.Kata kunci: masa studi, perguruan tinggi, eksternal, internal, analisis faktor Factors on completing study of master students in graduate schoolAbstractCompletion of the final assignment of the Postgraduate school master's program at the Institut Pertanian Bogor on average less than two years (17,5%). This is the purpose of the research, namely to see the factors that influence the completion of the final task. The factors that influence the study period consist of internal and external factors. Internal factors originating from within the student themselves include academic ability and motivation. External factors come from outside such as environmental factors and mentors when completing the final task. Retrieval of data and information in this study using a structured questionnaire instrument for graduates of the Institute Pertanian Bogor University's Graduate School Masters program. The analysis uses descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and multiple linear regression. Completion of the study period includes factors of coaching quality, service, and environment, student ability, motivation, responsiveness and degree, and prestige. Further analysis shows that the completion of studies is closely related to external factors originating from outside such as education services and environmental factors, including a clean and green campus environment, a quiet and comfortable learning environment. Responsiveness to feedback from the counselor to immediately correct the thesis in an intense and timely manner is internal.Keywords: complete a study, postgraduate, external, internal, factor analysis

The Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs established a Revolving Fund Management Institution for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (LPDB-KUMKM) in order to realize the mandate of Law No. 20 of 2008, with the aim of managing and developing revolving funds for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises professionally and accountably. The increasing number of Revolving Fund distribution services and the decreasing level of loan classification in the current category encouraged the need to evaluate loan or financing distribution through (1) analysis of factors affecting LPDB-KUMKM revolving fund performance and (2) to formulate effective strategies to improve the performance of revolving fund for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. The method used in this research are, descriptive analysis, logistic regression analysis and AHP. The analysis result shows the significant factors that influence the performance of the revolving fund efficiency are financing schemes (conventional or syariah schemes), loan plafond and business establishment period. The proposed strategies that can be considered in improving LPDB-KUMKM's performance take into account the increasing effectiveness of loan or financing disbursement, which includes loan or financing channels and factors that significantly influence the success of return.