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TMAH is quaternary ammonium salt, consists of a methylated nitrogen molecule, and is widely used in the electronics industry as a developer and silicon etching agent. This substance is toxic and fatal if ingested. It can also cause skin burns, eye damage, and organ damage. Moreover, TMAH exhibits long-lasting toxicity to aquatic systems. Despite this known toxicity, the authorities currently do not provide emission limits (i.e., discharge concentrations) for wastewater by EU regulation. The current scenario necessitates the study of the processes for industrial wastewater containing TMAH. This work aims to present a successful example of the treatment process for the degradation of TMAH waste solutions of the E&S industry. Research was conducted at the pilot scale, and the process feasibility (both technical and economic) and its environmental sustainability are demonstrated. This process, which treats three exhausted solutions with a high concentration of toxic substances, is considered to be innovative.
Valentina Innocenzi; Svetlana B. Zueva; Francesco Vegliò; Ida De Michelis. Pilot-Scale Experiences with Aerobic Treatment and Chemical Processes of Industrial Wastewaters from Electronics and Semiconductor Industry. Energies 2021, 14, 5340 .
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Svetlana B. Zueva, Francesco Vegliò, Ida De Michelis. Pilot-Scale Experiences with Aerobic Treatment and Chemical Processes of Industrial Wastewaters from Electronics and Semiconductor Industry. Energies. 2021; 14 (17):5340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Svetlana B. Zueva; Francesco Vegliò; Ida De Michelis. 2021. "Pilot-Scale Experiences with Aerobic Treatment and Chemical Processes of Industrial Wastewaters from Electronics and Semiconductor Industry." Energies 14, no. 17: 5340.
Biodiesel production calls for innovative solutions to turn into a competitive process with a reduced environmental impact. One of the process bottlenecks stands in the immiscibility of oil and alcohol as raw materials, so mixing process largely impacts the overall process cost. This process step, if carried out by using hydrodynamic cavitation, has the possibility to become a benchmark for large scale applications. In this paper a process analysis of biodiesel production scheme is developed starting from two different feedstocks, virgin oil and waste cooking oil. At the first the traditional process scheme has been simulated, in a second simulation, the reactor for the biodiesel production is interchanged with a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. In the paper, the comparison between the traditional and innovative process by using life cycle costing approach has been presented, thus providing indications for industrial technological implementation coming from a professional tool for process analysis. It is worth noting that the introduction of hydrodynamic cavitation reduces of about 40% the energy consumption with respect to the traditional process. As regards the total treatment costs, when using virgin oil as feedstock, they were in the range 820–830 €/t (innovative and traditional process, respectively); while starting from waste cooking oil the costs decreased of about 60%, down to 290–300 €/t (innovative and traditional process, respectively).
Valentina Innocenzi; Marina Prisciandaro. Technical feasibility of biodiesel production from virgin oil and waste cooking oil: Comparison between traditional and innovative process based on hydrodynamic cavitation. Waste Management 2021, 122, 15 -25.
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Marina Prisciandaro. Technical feasibility of biodiesel production from virgin oil and waste cooking oil: Comparison between traditional and innovative process based on hydrodynamic cavitation. Waste Management. 2021; 122 ():15-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Marina Prisciandaro. 2021. "Technical feasibility of biodiesel production from virgin oil and waste cooking oil: Comparison between traditional and innovative process based on hydrodynamic cavitation." Waste Management 122, no. : 15-25.
Typical methods for the treatment of waste pickling solutions include precipitation by alkaline reagents, most commonly calcium hydroxide. As a result, large volumes of galvanic sludge form, containing iron, calcium, sulphates, and a relatively small quantity of zinc (<20%), making Zn recovery not profitable. In summary, state-of-the-art Zn galvanization processes entail the loss of valuable metals and the irrational and expensive handling of spent pickling solutions (SPSs). The resulting conclusion is that there is room for a significant improvement in the way SPSs are treated, with the double goal of enhancing Zn galvanization methods’ economic viability and achieving a lesser impact on the environment’s processes. The experimental results show that it is possible to use SPS as a coagulant to treat the process wastewaters, kept separated, and added with sodium hydroxide. The results in obtaining precipitates with Zn contents higher than 40%, increasing the added advantage of making Zn recovery profitable. The results show the possibility of using SPS as a coagulant in the process of physical-chemical wastewater treatment and sodium hydroxide to obtain a precipitate with a zinc content of more than 40%.
Svetlana Zueva; Francesco Ferella; Valentina Innocenzi; Ida De Michelis; Valentina Corradini; Nicolò Ippolito; Francesco Vegliò. Recovery of Zinc fromTreatment of Spent Acid Solutions from the Pickling Stage of Galvanizing Plants. Sustainability 2021, 13, 407 .
AMA StyleSvetlana Zueva, Francesco Ferella, Valentina Innocenzi, Ida De Michelis, Valentina Corradini, Nicolò Ippolito, Francesco Vegliò. Recovery of Zinc fromTreatment of Spent Acid Solutions from the Pickling Stage of Galvanizing Plants. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (1):407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvetlana Zueva; Francesco Ferella; Valentina Innocenzi; Ida De Michelis; Valentina Corradini; Nicolò Ippolito; Francesco Vegliò. 2021. "Recovery of Zinc fromTreatment of Spent Acid Solutions from the Pickling Stage of Galvanizing Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 407.
In this paper, a reliable treatment process for olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) is proposed. In order to develop a more sustainable process with polyphenols recovery and water reuse, two treatment schemes have been simulated by using a process simulator (SuperPro Designer®), depending on wastewater characteristics; the first applied for ‘biological’ effluents by using membrane technology (microfiltration MF, ultrafiltration UF, nanofiltration NF and reverse osmosis RO), the second for wastewaters containing pesticides, in which RO is replaced with an advanced oxidation process for pesticide degradation. The results of the process analysis showed that the final permeate is a treated water suitable for both disposal in aquatic receptors and for civil or agriculture reuse. Moreover, the results of a techno-economic analysis of the proposed processes is presented, carried out by means of a life cycle cost analysis, considering the mass and energy balances obtained from process analysis. The analysis showed that the first scenario is more economically feasible. In detail, the treatment cost (€/m3 of OMWW) was 253 and 292 €/m3 for the first and second case study, respectively. However, the second process scheme result is inappropriate if the wastewater to be treated does not come from biological olive processing.
Valentina Innocenzi; Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso; Marina Prisciandaro. Techno-economic analysis of olive wastewater treatment with a closed water approach by integrated membrane processes and advanced oxidation processes. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 2020, 11, 122 -135.
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso, Marina Prisciandaro. Techno-economic analysis of olive wastewater treatment with a closed water approach by integrated membrane processes and advanced oxidation processes. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination. 2020; 11 (1):122-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso; Marina Prisciandaro. 2020. "Techno-economic analysis of olive wastewater treatment with a closed water approach by integrated membrane processes and advanced oxidation processes." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 11, no. 1: 122-135.
This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) to compare three process design alternatives for treating wastewater from galvanic industry. The proposed processes have been developed in according to a zero-liquid discharge, ZLD, approach and included reverse osmosis for the concentration, evaporation and crystallization of salts, mainly calcium chloride. The various scenarios differ for the type of utilities used for the operation (steam and as alternative hot water from thermal waste) and from an optimization of the crystallization step that provided an energy recovery from distillate. Results show that by using thermal waste as utilities for the operation of evaporation, crystallization and the optimization of crystallization unit is the most environmentally and economically favourable alternative.
Valentina Innocenzi; Federica Cantarini; Alessia Amato; Barbara Morico; Nicolò Maria Ippolito; Francesca Beolchini; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. Case study on technical feasibility of galvanic wastewater treatment plant based on life cycle assessment and costing approach. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2020, 8, 104535 .
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Federica Cantarini, Alessia Amato, Barbara Morico, Nicolò Maria Ippolito, Francesca Beolchini, Marina Prisciandaro, Francesco Vegliò. Case study on technical feasibility of galvanic wastewater treatment plant based on life cycle assessment and costing approach. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2020; 8 (6):104535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Federica Cantarini; Alessia Amato; Barbara Morico; Nicolò Maria Ippolito; Francesca Beolchini; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. 2020. "Case study on technical feasibility of galvanic wastewater treatment plant based on life cycle assessment and costing approach." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 6: 104535.
This study compared the sustainability of six alternatives for the treatment of industrial wastewater from a gasifier, considering both environmental and economic aspects by the approaches of: uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC). The processes have been developed under the zero liquid discharge approach and included a chemical removal of pollutants by using Fenton and neutralization, evaporation and crystallization to concentrate salts and stripping for the removal of ammonia from distillate of evaporation step and recover water useful for industrial reuses. The scenarios differed for the type of utilities used for the operation (steam and hot water from thermal waste) and from an optimization of the crystallization that provided a reduction of the amount of waste and an energy recovery from distillate. LCA indicated that the six scenarios produced comparable results, since the common chemical treatment (raw material and waste disposal) causes the highest contribution. The optimal scheme used hot water as utilities and had an optimization of the crystallization section (scenario B2), this options allowed a decrease of emission to air of 25% and reduction of 15% of deposited goods. Scenario B2 is much more financially attractive than the other proposed treatment, having a total cost of 123 €/t, with a reduction of 17% respect to the current disposal of 150 €/t. LCA and LCC results prove the effectiveness of thermal waste use as utilities for the wastewater treatment operations and the optimization of crystallization unit is the most environmentally and economically favourable alternative.
Valentina Innocenzi; Federica Cantarini; Svetlana Zueva; Alessia Amato; Barbara Morico; Francesca Beolchini; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. Environmental and economic assessment of gasification wastewater treatment by life cycle assessment and life cycle costing approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 168, 105252 .
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Federica Cantarini, Svetlana Zueva, Alessia Amato, Barbara Morico, Francesca Beolchini, Marina Prisciandaro, Francesco Vegliò. Environmental and economic assessment of gasification wastewater treatment by life cycle assessment and life cycle costing approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 168 ():105252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Federica Cantarini; Svetlana Zueva; Alessia Amato; Barbara Morico; Francesca Beolchini; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. 2020. "Environmental and economic assessment of gasification wastewater treatment by life cycle assessment and life cycle costing approach." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 168, no. : 105252.
In the present study, the potentiality of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for the degradation of methyl orange from synthetic aqueous solutions is presented. Hydrodynamic cavitation was set up at laboratory scale using a Venturi tube. Solutions of methyl orange (MO) were subjected to cavitation in order to investigate the efficiency and the potential of this technique for azo dye degradation. Moreover, a HC/H2O2/TiO2 hybrid system was tested with the aim to verify its potential positive impact on the decolourization process and define the best conditions, among those investigated, to remove azo dye from synthetic solutions. The results obtained in this study showed that the maximum efficiency was close to 30% using a Venturi tube at an operating pressure of 400 kPa. The presence of additives, such as titanium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, increased the performance of the degradation process to slightly above 70%. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Valentina Innocenzi; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. Study of the effect of operative conditions on the decolourization of azo dye solutions by using hydrodynamic cavitation at the lab scale. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020, 98, 1 .
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Marina Prisciandaro, Francesco Vegliò. Study of the effect of operative conditions on the decolourization of azo dye solutions by using hydrodynamic cavitation at the lab scale. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2020; 98 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. 2020. "Study of the effect of operative conditions on the decolourization of azo dye solutions by using hydrodynamic cavitation at the lab scale." The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 98, no. 9: 1.
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is widely used as a solvent in the semiconductor industry. After the photo-impression process, it is necessary to remove the photoresist (PR) layer from the surface of the circuits; for this purpose, a TMAH solution is usually used. This chemical compound is highly toxic and corrosive and cannot be discharged into the environment. This study was carried out in collaboration with LFoundry (SMIC group), in order to prove the feasibility of biodegradation under aerobic conditions, using microorganisms coming from the LFoundry’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at different operating conditions. The feed composition was modified in order to add a small but increasing amount of TMAH and PR. The aim was to verify if the increase of TMAH concentration was harmful to bacteria. The feed stream, containing TMAH and PR, was the only carbon source for the metabolism of the aerobic microorganisms. The results of this study demonstrated an effective biological degradation of TMAH and showed a total removal efficiency of more than 99.3%, with a final concentration of 7 mg/L. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of the Monod model were also calculated. The results obtained from the experimental campaign were used to design a pilot plant that will treat around 25 L/h of waste TMAH/PR solution.
Francesco Ferella; Valentina Innocenzi; Svetlana Zueva; Valentina Corradini; Nicolò M. Ippolito; Ionela P. Birloaga; Ida De Michelis; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. Aerobic Treatment of Waste Process Solutions from the Semiconductor Industry: From Lab to Pilot Scale. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3923 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Ferella, Valentina Innocenzi, Svetlana Zueva, Valentina Corradini, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Ionela P. Birloaga, Ida De Michelis, Marina Prisciandaro, Francesco Vegliò. Aerobic Treatment of Waste Process Solutions from the Semiconductor Industry: From Lab to Pilot Scale. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Ferella; Valentina Innocenzi; Svetlana Zueva; Valentina Corradini; Nicolò M. Ippolito; Ionela P. Birloaga; Ida De Michelis; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. 2019. "Aerobic Treatment of Waste Process Solutions from the Semiconductor Industry: From Lab to Pilot Scale." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3923.
V. Innocenzi; M. Prisciandaro; M. Centofanti; F. Vegliò. Comparison of performances of hydrodynamic cavitation in combined treatments based on hybrid induced advanced Fenton process for degradation of azo-dyes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2019, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleV. Innocenzi, M. Prisciandaro, M. Centofanti, F. Vegliò. Comparison of performances of hydrodynamic cavitation in combined treatments based on hybrid induced advanced Fenton process for degradation of azo-dyes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2019; 7 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Innocenzi; M. Prisciandaro; M. Centofanti; F. Vegliò. 2019. "Comparison of performances of hydrodynamic cavitation in combined treatments based on hybrid induced advanced Fenton process for degradation of azo-dyes." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7, no. 3: 1.
The control of fouling and scaling on heat and mass transfer surfaces is of major importance in processes as superficial water treatments, since it also improves the efficiency of the whole process from an energy saving point of view. The aim of the paper is to present the experimental results obtained in the inhibition of the fouling and scaling by calcium ions on an ultrafiltration membrane surface, by using citric acid as an additive. The last is an environmentally friendly additive−a so-called “green additive”, which may represent a reliable alternative to phosphorous and nitrogen based compounds typically used as inhibitors, since it has the characteristics of being non-toxic, non-bio accumulating, and biodegradable. The experimental plant is made of a tangential flow system on a lab scale equipped with a flat sheet ultrafiltration polymeric membrane, whose cut-off is 650 nm. In the first series of experiments, the effect of water hardness and its fouling effect due to calcium ions on membrane permeability has been measured in the range of potable waters. Then, the scaling effect of high calcium concentration in solution (supersaturated conditions) has been quantified by measuring the increase in weight of the membrane, with and without the addition of citric acid as an additive; moreover, the retarding effect of citric acid has been evaluated through the measurement of the induction times for the nucleation of calcium sulfate dihydrate (used as model scalant for fouling). Experiments have been carried out at two different supersaturation ratios (S = 2.25–2.60), at room temperature, in the absence of any additive, and with a citric acid concentration varying in the range 0.01 to 0.50 g/L. Experimental results have shown that the addition of citric acid in solution delays the induction times for gypsum crystals nucleation; moreover, it mitigates the phenomenon of membrane fouling and reduces the pressure drops by allowing an acceptable permeate flow for a longer duration.
Marina Prisciandaro; Valentina Innocenzi; Francesco Tortora; Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso. Reduction of Fouling and Scaling by Calcium Ions on an UF Membrane Surface for an Enhanced Water Pre-Treatment. Water 2019, 11, 984 .
AMA StyleMarina Prisciandaro, Valentina Innocenzi, Francesco Tortora, Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso. Reduction of Fouling and Scaling by Calcium Ions on an UF Membrane Surface for an Enhanced Water Pre-Treatment. Water. 2019; 11 (5):984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Prisciandaro; Valentina Innocenzi; Francesco Tortora; Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso. 2019. "Reduction of Fouling and Scaling by Calcium Ions on an UF Membrane Surface for an Enhanced Water Pre-Treatment." Water 11, no. 5: 984.
The microelectronics industry produces significant amounts of wastewaters containing inorganic substances such as fluorides, phosphates, and organic pollutants such as acetic acid (CH3COOH), and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (C4H13NO, TMAH). The objective of this manuscript is the description of the depuration process of three types of wastewaters, representative of real liquid wastes coming from a multinational company of semiconductor production. The first residual liquid flow (WW1) contained TMAH, the second one (WW2) contained fluorides and phosphates, while the last (WW3) was rich in nitrates, fluorides and acetic acid. Aerobic treatment of WW1 was investigated by using a lab scale reactor inoculated with an activated sludge coming from the company municipal wastewater treatment plant. Another residual industrial effluent (photoresist) was added, together with several micronutrients, to guarantee a good carbon/nitrogen ratio and a nutrient supply for bacterial growth. The results showed that after one day of acclimation, the microorganisms started to remove TMAH and 99% of degradation was reached in seven days. For WW2 and WW3, a pollutant removal of 99% was obtained by chemical precipitation with lime. An attempt was made to implement the research progress made on the laboratory-developed process at the pilot and industrial scale. To this end, a simulation of the combined process was performed by using a specific software, SuperPro Designer. The process analysis showed that the treated liquids, containing TMAH not degraded to trace levels and other residual substances, can be sent to the biological WWTP of the company for further treatment; after that, the treated water can be reused and/or discharged to surface waters.
V. Innocenzi; S. Zueva; M. Prisciandaro; I. De Michelis; A. Di Renzo; G. Mazziotti di Celso; F. Vegliò. Treatment of TMAH solutions from the microelectronics industry: A combined process scheme. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2019, 31, 100780 .
AMA StyleV. Innocenzi, S. Zueva, M. Prisciandaro, I. De Michelis, A. Di Renzo, G. Mazziotti di Celso, F. Vegliò. Treatment of TMAH solutions from the microelectronics industry: A combined process scheme. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2019; 31 ():100780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Innocenzi; S. Zueva; M. Prisciandaro; I. De Michelis; A. Di Renzo; G. Mazziotti di Celso; F. Vegliò. 2019. "Treatment of TMAH solutions from the microelectronics industry: A combined process scheme." Journal of Water Process Engineering 31, no. : 100780.
Every year the oil refining industry consumes thousand tons of fluid catalytic cracking zeolite from the E-cat generated in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. In the present paper, a new process for recycling of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCCCs) is presented. The process, previously tested at laboratory scale, was simulated by SuperPro Designer catalysts (FCCCs, also known as equilibrium catalysts, E-cat), which are mainly landfilled. Their intrinsic value is quite low and the content of rare earth elements (REEs), as lanthanum and cerium oxides, is around 3%wt. Moreover, their reuse in other industrial processes as raw material is very scarce. For each metric ton of spent FCCC treated for recovery of REEs, nearly the same amount of waste is generated from the process, the majority of which is represented by the solid residue resulting from the leaching stage. The manuscript presents a technological study and an economic analysis for the recovery of REEs, as well as the production of synthetic © software package. The plant was designed for a capacity of 4000 metric tons per year. The discounted cash flow (DCF) method was applied and Net Present Value (NPV) equal to about two-million € and Discounted Payback Time (DPBT) equal to two years defined the profitability of the process for recycling of FCCCs. This result depends on the selling price of zeolite. Consequently, a break-even point (BEP) analysis was conducted on this critical variable and the condition of economic feasibility was verified with a price of 1070 €/ton. This study tried to implement recycling strategies towards circular economy models.
Francesco Ferella; Idiano D’Adamo; Simona Leone; Valentina Innocenzi; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò. Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry. Sustainability 2018, 11, 113 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Ferella, Idiano D’Adamo, Simona Leone, Valentina Innocenzi, Ida De Michelis, Francesco Vegliò. Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry. Sustainability. 2018; 11 (1):113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Ferella; Idiano D’Adamo; Simona Leone; Valentina Innocenzi; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò. 2018. "Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 113.
The aim of this research was to investigate the methyl orange degradation using hydrodynamic cavitation. The synthetic solutions simulated a real textile effluent containing dye and metals (iron and nickel) as a consequence of the corrosion of nickel-plated metal components of the plant during the production of textile materials. In the first series of experiments, the hydrodynamic cavitation was studied in terms of operating inlet pressure and pH of solution. Subsequently, a full factorial plan was performed to determine the main effects and interactions among the investigated factors: inlet pressure (pin), temperature (T), initial dye concentration (cMO/0), and treatment time (t). The results showed that inlet pressure, temperature and concentration had a significant positive effect on dye degradation, as well as the interactions temperature/dye concentration and pressure/time. The optimum operating conditions among those investigated were: cMO/0 = 5 ppm, pH = 2, pin = 0.6 MPa and t = 1 hour, independently of temperature (T). In the above conditions, the degradation yields were near to 75% and the final concentration was less than 1 ppm. On the contrary, at cMO/0 = 20 ppm, pH = 2, pin = 0.6 MPa, 40 °C and t = 1 hour, the degradation efficiency was about 56% and the final concentration was less than 9 ppm. A comparison among the experiments carried out in the absence and in the presence of iron and nickel showed that metals acted as catalysts and the energy required for the process with metal ions was 5 times smaller than those required by the experiments conducted without the metals in solution, at the same operating conditions.
V. Innocenzi; M. Prisciandaro; F. Tortora; F. Vegliò. Optimization of hydrodynamic cavitation process of azo dye reduction in the presence of metal ions. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2018, 6, 6787 -6796.
AMA StyleV. Innocenzi, M. Prisciandaro, F. Tortora, F. Vegliò. Optimization of hydrodynamic cavitation process of azo dye reduction in the presence of metal ions. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2018; 6 (6):6787-6796.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Innocenzi; M. Prisciandaro; F. Tortora; F. Vegliò. 2018. "Optimization of hydrodynamic cavitation process of azo dye reduction in the presence of metal ions." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 6: 6787-6796.
Hydrometallurgical processes for the treatment and recovery of metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment produce wastewaters containing heavy metals. These residual solutions cannot be discharged into the sewer without an appropriate treatment. Specific wastewater treatments integrated with the hydrometallurgical processes ensure a sustainable recycling loops of the electrical wastes to maximize the metals recovery and minimize the amount of wastes and wastewaters produced. In this research activity the efficiency of ultrafiltration combined with surfactant micelles (micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration) was tested to remove metals form leach liquors obtained after leaching of NiMH spent batteries. In the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration, a surfactant is added into the aqueous stream containing contaminants or solute above its critical micelle concentration. When the surfactant concentration exceeding this critical value, the surfactant monomers will assemble and aggregate to form micelles having diameter larger than the pore diameter of ultrafiltration membrane. Micelles containing contaminants whose diameter is larger than membrane pore size will be rejected during ultrafiltration process, leaving only water, unsolubilized contaminants and surfactant monomers in permeate stream. The experiments are carried out in a lab-scale plant, where a tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membrane is used with adding a surfactant to concentrate heavy metals in the retentate stream, producing a permeate of purified water that can be reused inside the process, thus minimizing the fresh water consumption.
Valentina Innocenzi; Francesco Tortora; Marina Prisciandaro; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò; Giuseppe Mazziotti di Celso. Purification of residual leach liquors from hydrometallurgical process of NiMH spent batteries through micellar enhanced ultra filtration. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 215, 377 -384.
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Francesco Tortora, Marina Prisciandaro, Ida De Michelis, Francesco Vegliò, Giuseppe Mazziotti di Celso. Purification of residual leach liquors from hydrometallurgical process of NiMH spent batteries through micellar enhanced ultra filtration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 215 ():377-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Francesco Tortora; Marina Prisciandaro; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò; Giuseppe Mazziotti di Celso. 2018. "Purification of residual leach liquors from hydrometallurgical process of NiMH spent batteries through micellar enhanced ultra filtration." Journal of Environmental Management 215, no. : 377-384.
In this article, removal of cobalt ions from synthetic liquid wastes aimed at surfactant and water reuse was carried out using a micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process, adding an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS), with a lab-scale ceramic ultrafiltration membrane. In the first part of the study, ultrafiltration was studied to define the removal yields of cobalt from initial solutions. During these experiments, the effect of membrane size (1–210 kDa) and surfactant concentration (0-4-10 mM) was studied. Results showed a positive effect of surfactant on removal efficiency; maximum yields (>90%), with an initial cobalt concentration of 9.7 mg/L, were obtained by using the highest level of surfactant. After ultrafiltration, separation of metal and recovery of surfactant was carried out by acidification with sulfuric acid followed by another step of ultrafiltration. Results of the second series of experiments showed that separation yields for cobalt >96% could be obtained after acidification to a pH = 1. Regarding SDS recovery, as a consequence of acidification, the pore size of the membrane was enlarged so that SDS micelles could pass through the membrane, resulting in lower yields with respect to metal rejection. In this article, hence, the technical feasibility of MEUF combined with acidification to remove heavy metals and recover surfactant was demonstrated. This last step is important to reduce the high operative costs due to the use of surfactant.
Francesco Tortora; Valentina Innocenzi; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò; Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso; Marina Prisciandaro. Recovery of Anionic Surfactant Through Acidification/Ultrafiltration in a Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Process for Cobalt Removal. Environmental Engineering Science 2018, 35, 493 -500.
AMA StyleFrancesco Tortora, Valentina Innocenzi, Ida De Michelis, Francesco Vegliò, Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso, Marina Prisciandaro. Recovery of Anionic Surfactant Through Acidification/Ultrafiltration in a Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Process for Cobalt Removal. Environmental Engineering Science. 2018; 35 (5):493-500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Tortora; Valentina Innocenzi; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò; Giuseppe Mazziotti Di Celso; Marina Prisciandaro. 2018. "Recovery of Anionic Surfactant Through Acidification/Ultrafiltration in a Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Process for Cobalt Removal." Environmental Engineering Science 35, no. 5: 493-500.
In this paper, the efficiency of micellar enhanced ultrafiltration technique (MEUF) was tested for the removal of yttrium and zinc ions from synthetic industrial liquid wastes. UF membranes (monotubular ceramic membranes of 210 kDa and 1 kDa molecular weight cut-off) were used with adding an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A two - level full factorial design was performed in order to evaluate the effect of molecular weight cut-off, sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration and pressure on the permeate flux and rejection yields. It was found that the single factors presented the largest influence on the permeate flux: the membrane pore size and the pressure had positive effect, instead the SDS had negative effect. Regarding the metal rejection yields the main relevant factors were the membrane pore size with a negative effect, followed by the surfactant concentration with a positive effect. The effect of the pressure seemed to be almost negligible, for zinc removal experiments had a positive effect in the interactions with the surfactant and membrane pore size. The results showed that very good removal percentages up to 99% were achieved for both metals under the following conditions: 1 kDa membrane MWCO, in the presence of the surfactant at a concentration above CMC independently of the investigated pressure.
Valentina Innocenzi; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Tortora; Giuseppe Mazziotti di Celso; Francesco Vegliò. Treatment of WEEE industrial wastewaters: Removal of yttrium and zinc by means of micellar enhanced ultra filtration. Waste Management 2018, 74, 393 -403.
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Marina Prisciandaro, Francesco Tortora, Giuseppe Mazziotti di Celso, Francesco Vegliò. Treatment of WEEE industrial wastewaters: Removal of yttrium and zinc by means of micellar enhanced ultra filtration. Waste Management. 2018; 74 ():393-403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Tortora; Giuseppe Mazziotti di Celso; Francesco Vegliò. 2018. "Treatment of WEEE industrial wastewaters: Removal of yttrium and zinc by means of micellar enhanced ultra filtration." Waste Management 74, no. : 393-403.
Valentina Innocenzi; Nicolò Maria Ippolito; Loris Pietrelli; Marcello Centofanti; Luigi Piga; Francesco Vegliò. Application of solvent extraction operation to recover rare earths from fluorescent lamps. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 172, 2840 -2852.
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Nicolò Maria Ippolito, Loris Pietrelli, Marcello Centofanti, Luigi Piga, Francesco Vegliò. Application of solvent extraction operation to recover rare earths from fluorescent lamps. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 172 ():2840-2852.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Nicolò Maria Ippolito; Loris Pietrelli; Marcello Centofanti; Luigi Piga; Francesco Vegliò. 2018. "Application of solvent extraction operation to recover rare earths from fluorescent lamps." Journal of Cleaner Production 172, no. : 2840-2852.
Francis O. Adeola; Alessia Amato; Francesca Beolchini; Ionela Birloaga; Ernesto De La Torre; Ida De Michelis; Sebastián Gámez; Masahiro Goto; Valentina Innocenzi; Arda Işıldar; Muammer Kaya; Bernd Kopacek; Fukiko Kubota; Eddy Pazmiño; Angela Serpe; Cristian Tunsu; Francesco Veglio; Svetlana Zueva; Arda Isildar. List of contributors. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleFrancis O. Adeola, Alessia Amato, Francesca Beolchini, Ionela Birloaga, Ernesto De La Torre, Ida De Michelis, Sebastián Gámez, Masahiro Goto, Valentina Innocenzi, Arda Işıldar, Muammer Kaya, Bernd Kopacek, Fukiko Kubota, Eddy Pazmiño, Angela Serpe, Cristian Tunsu, Francesco Veglio, Svetlana Zueva, Arda Isildar. List of contributors. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancis O. Adeola; Alessia Amato; Francesca Beolchini; Ionela Birloaga; Ernesto De La Torre; Ida De Michelis; Sebastián Gámez; Masahiro Goto; Valentina Innocenzi; Arda Işıldar; Muammer Kaya; Bernd Kopacek; Fukiko Kubota; Eddy Pazmiño; Angela Serpe; Cristian Tunsu; Francesco Veglio; Svetlana Zueva; Arda Isildar. 2018. "List of contributors." Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling , no. : 1.
Exposure to atmospheric pollution is a major concern for urban populations. Currently, no effective strategy has been adopted to tackle the problem. The paper presents the Smart Clean Air City project, a pilot experiment concerning the improvement in urban air quality. Small wet scrubber systems will be operating in a network configuration in suitable urban areas of L’Aquila city (Italy). The purpose of this work is to describe the project and show the preliminary results obtained in the characterization of two urban sites before the remediation test; the main operating principles of the wet scrubber system will be discussed, as well as the design of the mobile treatment plant for the processing of wastewater resulting from scrubber operation. Measurements of particle size distributions in the range of 0.30–25 µm took place in the two sites of interest, an urban background and a traffic area in the city of L’Aquila. The mean number concentration detected was 2.4 × 107 and 4.5 × 107 particles/m3, respectively. Finally, theoretical assessments, performed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes, will show the effects of the wet scrubber operation on air pollutants under different environmental conditions and in several urban usage patterns.
Alessandro Avveduto; Francesco Ferella; Marina De Giovanni; Valentina Innocenzi; Lorenzo Pace; Paolo Tripodi. L’Aquila Smart Clean Air City: The Italian Pilot Project for Healthy Urban Air. Environments 2017, 4, 78 .
AMA StyleAlessandro Avveduto, Francesco Ferella, Marina De Giovanni, Valentina Innocenzi, Lorenzo Pace, Paolo Tripodi. L’Aquila Smart Clean Air City: The Italian Pilot Project for Healthy Urban Air. Environments. 2017; 4 (4):78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Avveduto; Francesco Ferella; Marina De Giovanni; Valentina Innocenzi; Lorenzo Pace; Paolo Tripodi. 2017. "L’Aquila Smart Clean Air City: The Italian Pilot Project for Healthy Urban Air." Environments 4, no. 4: 78.
Valentina Innocenzi; Ida de Michelis; Francesco Ferella; Francesco Vegliò. Leaching of yttrium from cathode ray tube fluorescent powder: Kinetic study and empirical models. International Journal of Mineral Processing 2017, 168, 76 -86.
AMA StyleValentina Innocenzi, Ida de Michelis, Francesco Ferella, Francesco Vegliò. Leaching of yttrium from cathode ray tube fluorescent powder: Kinetic study and empirical models. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2017; 168 ():76-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Innocenzi; Ida de Michelis; Francesco Ferella; Francesco Vegliò. 2017. "Leaching of yttrium from cathode ray tube fluorescent powder: Kinetic study and empirical models." International Journal of Mineral Processing 168, no. : 76-86.