Bruxism, characterized by involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, is a widespread condition with multifaceted implications for oral health, physical well-being, and quality of life. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth study of bruxism, encompassing its definition, classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and consequences. Bruxism is classified based on its timing (sleep bruxism or awake bruxism). The etiology of bruxism is multifactorial, involving physiological factors such as central nervous system (CNS) pathways, sleep disorders, and occlusal factors, as well as psychological factors like stress, anxiety, personality traits and environmental factors including medications, substances, and stressors. Clinically, bruxism can result in various dental consequences, including tooth wear, fractures and damage to restorations, as well as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) such as myofascial pain. These manifestations can negatively impact individual's oral health, physical well-being, and overall quality of life. Management strategies include behavioral and lifestyle changes, oral appliances, dental treatments for tooth damage, and, in certain instances, pharmacological interventions. While the current understanding of bruxism has advanced, further research is needed to fully elucidate its etiology, pathophysiology, and effective management strategies.

In recent years the ketogenic diet (KD) has become more and more popular. This diet is used not only to reduce weight but also there are an increasingly amount of new researches with multiple possitives effects in some diseases, such as prevention in cardiovascular conditions, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, some types of cancers and psoriasis. This paper offers an overview of these various medical conditions in which ketogenic diet can be used. Furthermore we describe the mechanism and potential efficacy of the KD. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched.

In recent years the ketogenic diet (KD) has become more and more popular. This diet is used not only to reduce weight but also there are an increasingly amount of new researches with multiple possitives effects in some diseases, such as prevention in cardiovascular conditions, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, some types of cancers and psoriasis. This paper offers an overview of these various medical conditions in which ketogenic diet can be used. Furthermore we describe the mechanism and potential efficacy of the KD. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched.

Understanding how ADHD affects sexual functioning is key to providing comprehensive care. This review looks into the current research on sexual health in people with ADHD, focusing on how common sexual dysfunction is, how ADHD symptoms might impact sexual behavior, and what role medications play. By summarizing the existing studies, this review aims to highlight what we don’t know yet and suggest future research to improve treatment and patient outcomes. The review covers literature related to sexual functioning in ADHD, particularly looking at connections to hypersexuality, paraphilias, and various sexual behaviors. A thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, was conducted using relevant keywords such as 'ADHD,' 'hypersexuality,' 'paraphilias,' 'sexuality,' 'sexual behavior,' and 'sexual violence.' The study duration was 6 months. Common features of ADHD, such as impulsivity, poor impulse control, and difficulties with self-regulation, may contribute to risky sexual behaviors, compulsive sexual behavior, or the development of paraphilic interests. It's important for doctors dealing with ADHD in children to discuss sexual health as the patient nears adolescence and offer guidance on safe sex. Treatment should combine medication with therapy. Since impulsivity seems to play a big role in risky sexual behavior, making contraceptives readily available could be important for sexual health. Longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand the temporal relationships and progression of sexual behaviors and ADHD symptoms over time. Given the potential impact of ADHD on sexual behavior and functioning, healthcare providers should consider screening for ADHD in patients presenting with issues related to hypersexuality, paraphilias, or other sexual concerns.