BACKGROUND: Poststroke fatigue affects half of global patients with stroke, causing early exhaustion, weariness, and dependence. Physiotherapy interventions like exercise and aerobic training are recommended to alleviate symptoms, but their effectiveness is not well supported. This review evaluates physiotherapy’s effectiveness in treating poststroke fatigue in adults. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and WHO ICTRP. We searched for English-language articles using various keywords, without any restrictions on date, document type, or publication status, and included only randomized controlled trials. After removing duplicates through EndNote X7, 2 independent reviewers screened and reviewed the remaining articles. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied to assess the quality of included studies. RESULTS: A total of 712 articles were reviewed, and after removing duplicates, 450 articles were left, then only 34 articles passed the title screening and 29 were excluded due to various reasons. Therefore, only 4 randomized controlled trials were found relevant after screening out 416 irrelevant ones. The average percentage of participants across all 4 randomized controlled trials was 44.65% men and 55.35% women, with an average age of 59.1 years. The review assessed a range of physiotherapy treatments, such as caregiver-mediated exercise with e-health support, graded activity training with cognitive therapy, and circuit training exercises. Graded activity training with cognitive therapy approach has effectively reduced poststroke fatigue ( P <0.001) and improved endurance levels (η _p ² =0.20; P <0.001). On the contrary, circuit training is not effective. Caregiver-mediated exercises and e-health supported exercises have been shown to impact functional recovery positively. CONCLUSIONS: Among all the studies evaluated, only 1 intervention, the graded activity training with cognitive therapy, significantly reduced fatigue after stroke. However, more research is needed to study the effect of physiotherapy interventions. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ; Unique identifier: CRD42017075196.

Background and Objectives: Many children with (CP) and their families in Saudi Arabia struggle emotionally. Unfortunately, there have not been many studies conducted on how to help them with these challenges. This research aims to bring attention to this gap and to explore how a lack of proper mental health care might affect these children’s ability to participate in everyday activities. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a survey was conducted between August and October 2023. A total of 300 parents of CP children from Saudi Arabia participated in the study. The impact of psychological care negligence on the occupational engagement of CP children and their families was assessed by designing a valid questionnaire. Results: A total of 300 parents of children with CP participated in this study. The majority of the sample, 71% of parents, said that their children did not receive any psychological care, and 59.7% of the participants said that their children did not even receive a referral to a psychologist. However, 60.3% of parents of children noticed a significant decline in the occupational performance of their children, and 65.7% predicted an improvement in their children’s performance with future psychological care. Conclusions: It is clear that there is a lack of awareness about the importance of mental health care for children with CP in Saudi Arabia. This lack of care hinders these children and their families’ occupational engagement and social participation.

Background: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among postpartum women due to physical changes that occur during pregnancy and delivery, which can lead to different disability levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the disability levels and associated factors of postpartum women within the first year after childbirth. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to gather data from post-partum women between 6 weeks and 12 months after childbirth using an online self-administered questionnaire. This questionnaire included demographic variables, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms Questionnaire, the Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale, and a back disability questionnaire. Results: Among 400 postpartum mothers, 71% reported low back pain, with 51.1% experiencing mild disability. Logistic regression showed significant predictors of disability, including cesarean delivery (6.49 times higher likelihood), having 4–5 children (1.98 times), and more than six children (3.45 times). Breastfeeding increased disability risk (2.44 times), while mixed feeding reduced it (0.52 times). The model explained 49.8% of disability variance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Disability is a common problem among postpartum women, highlighting the importance of healthcare providers addressing these challenges.

The prevalence of obesity and hypertension is increasing, particularly in the urban areas. However, there is limited research on the relationship between obesity and hypertension in the rural areas of southeastern Nigeria. The present study aimed to investigate the association between anthropometric parameters and adiposity indicators and the risk of hypertension with obesity-related conditions, based on a descriptive study of people living in the southeastern rural areas of Nigeria. The cluster sampling procedure randomly recruited study participants. Finally, 200 participants (100 male and 100 female) aged 18 to 25 years were included in the study. A simplified correlation analysis was used to derive the adjusted indicators in relation to age and sex. This study found that females generally had a higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and Z-score, whereas systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in men. A high correlation was found between the body shape index (ABSI) and BMI (r = −.529, P < .001), WC (r = .399, P < .001) and Z-score (r = .982, P < .001) in male participants. In females, there was a high correlation between ABSI and BMI, blood pressure (BP), and Z score in female participants (r = −.481, P < .000; r = −.267, P = .007; r = .941, P < .000). In male participants, BMI was correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = .236, P = .018), SBP (r = .282, P = .005), Z score (r = −.539, P < .000), and WC (r = .541, P < .001). This study highlights the importance of considering a range of anthropometric measurements and health parameters when assessing health risks and identifying potential interventions. In addition, the body shape index may be a particularly useful tool for predicting health risks in both men and women. In contrast, correlations between various health parameters can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and risk factors.

Introduction: The rapid expansion of eSports has highlighted concerns regarding the physical and psychological well-being of professional gamers, which have intensified.Methods: This study examined the prevalence of Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and its association with flow states and self-efficacy among two hundred and thirty-two male professional gamers registered with the Saudi eSports Federation. Participants completed validated tools: the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Flow 4D16, and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-3). Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used.Results: MSK pain was highly prevalent (72%), especially in the neck (38.4%), lower back (31.5%), and wrists/hands (24.1%). Logistic regression identified input tool and device category as significant predictors of shoulder pain (p < 0.05). Despite widespread pain, flow and self-efficacy scores remained moderate to high, with no significant associations between psychological outcomes and MSK pain (MANCOVA, Pillai's Trace = 0.044, p = 0.069).Discussion: These findings suggest a degree of psychological resilience among eSports athletes, underscoring the complexity of physical-psychological interplay in gaming contexts. Future studies should explore mediating factors such as pain coping, motivation, and recovery behaviors.

Sarcopenia, characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass and function associated with aging, impacts around 10% of older adults worldwide and leads to heightened morbidity, increased hospitalization, and escalating healthcare costs. Early detection is crucial for timely intervention. The SARC-F questionnaire is a brief and validated screening tool utilized globally to identify individuals at risk of sarcopenia. Nevertheless, a validated Arabic version is currently unavailable. The SARC-F questionnaire was translated into Arabic employing a forward-backward translation method, followed by cultural adaptation, including the conversion of metric units. Content validity was evaluated by two domain experts using a 4-point relevance scale. Face validity was assessed through cognitive interviews conducted in a sample of 15 Arabic-speaking participants (range = 25–40). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha in a sample of 120 adults (31.76 years (SD = 10.43, range = 20–68)). Test-retest reliability was analyzed utilizing the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) in a sample of 86 participants over an interval of 10 to 14 days. Inter-item associations were examined using Spearman’s rank-order correlations. Following an expert review and gender-inclusive modifications, the content validity index improved from 2.0 to 4.0. Face validity testing demonstrated high clarity and acceptability across all items. The internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.648, indicating moderate reliability. Furthermore, the test-retest reliability displayed a commendable ICC value of 0.767 (95% CI: 0.663–0.841). The strongest inter-item correlation was found between assistance in walking and stair climbing (ρ = 0.419, p <0.001). The Arabic version of the SARC-F exhibits acceptable content and face validity, moderate internal consistency, and good test-retest reliability. This tool is poised to enhance the early detection of sarcopenia in Arabic-speaking populations and support clinical decision-making for preventative strategies.