Renewable energy mini-grids are considered a cost-effective way to provide electricity for a large proportion of the population in developing countries who do not have access to it. Compared with standalone home systems and national grid systems, mini-grids can potentially offer a better service. They can be deployed faster, making them essential for sustainable development, especially in rural and semi-urban areas of developing countries. However, mini-grids often face challenges regarding their resilience, and many fail to survive beyond their pilot phases. This paper aims to identify the factors contributing to the success of mini-grids and to identify common themes that can help existing and future mini-grid developments become more resilient and influence policy decision making. To achieve this goal, we developed a database of the status of mini-grids in Malawi, with the energy generation resource(s) of their installed capacity, enabling factors, and challenges. We undertook a more detailed investigation of two hydro mini-grid systems—Bondo and Chipopoma. We collected qualitative and quantitative data through literature reviews, site visits, interviews, and observations. The study identified 19 mini-grids with a combined installed capacity of 26 MW. Of these, seven had been abandoned, and one was under development. Several factors that affect successful mini-grid efficacy in Malawi were identified, including financial resourcefulness, technical resourcefulness, policies and regulations, community engagement and capacity building, cross-sector linkages, and institutional organisational frameworks. These factors need to be integrated into decision making by all stakeholders to ensure the enhancement of resilience and the sustainable development of mini-grids.

Morten Village is located near Sungai Melaka and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tourism is a fundamental income source for Morten Village, and this is threatened by the impact of flood which impairs the historical value and heritage of the area. Due to its strategic location and the expansion and colonial trade of Europe, the Portuguese, Dutch and British have left Sungai Melaka with rich historical artefacts and heritage which, intertwined with the local customs and culture, have accelerated tourism and business activities (SDG 8). In this study, we explore the impact of flooding as the impetus for intervention through infrastructure sustainability as a form of flood disaster management for Morten Village community (SDG 14 and SDG 12). We uncover the impact of the sustainable flood management intervention on the community's socio-economic well-being and social resilience. However, recently, the communities have been under the threat of flooding as a result of heavy rains. This offers a springboard for exploring the level of preparedness of the community and its resilience in combating flood disasters whilst preserving the historical artefacts and cultural practices and protecting their source of income. This chapter offers consideration for a socially environmental responsibility approach to increase the institutional and community partnership for community resilience and citizenship. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->