Land degradation and soil erosion, intensified by frequent intense hydro-meteorological events, pose significant threats to ecological processes. In response to the environmental challenges, there is a growing emphasis on employing Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), such as Soil and Water Bioengineering (SWBE) techniques, which promote a sustainable approach and materials for the restoration of natural areas damaged by climate events, unlike traditional “grey” engineering works. However, the effective implementation of SWBE interventions requires a multidisciplinary monitoring approach, considering engineering, geological, ecological, biological, and landscape aspects. The success of these interventions depends on evaluating both short-term stabilities provided by the non-living supporting structure and the long-term development of vegetation introduced during the work. Monitoring should regard structural integrity assessments, vegetation evolution studies, and analyses of root system efficiency (distribution, mechanical characteristics, etc.). This study wants to fill the research gap in SWBE management by proposing a comparison of two study techniques for a root system development evaluation, within a multi-approach methodology for the assessment of these interventions in terms of soil stability and natural evolution. The paper provides insights into geotechnical analysis within a shallow landslide, comparing two different methods for the evaluation of root system evolution. Direct methods (RAR) and indirect methods (ERT) were used for root development monitoring and then compared. Vegetation development was assessed by NDVI parameter by analysing Landsat satellite images. An overall analysis of the data obtained from monitoring the study area shows good plant development, thanks to the SWBE intervention, which in addition to the slope stability effect contributes to better water regulation and initiates a natural ecological succession. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding of the effectiveness of SWBE techniques, offering valuable information for future bioengineering projects and environmental conservation efforts, and promoting them as sustainable techniques for natural recovery.

Wetlands are critical ecosystems essential to human and environmental health, delivering diverse ecosystem services such as food security, biodiversity preservation, climate change mitigation, water filtration, aquifer feeding, and regulation. When present, wetlands play a vital role in catchment drainage systems, providing water storage, flow regulation, infiltration, and chemical processing. Despite their ecological significance, wetlands have been decreasing in number and extent globally. However, the construction of artificial wetlands has steadily increased in recent decades due to recognition of their eco-hydrological importance and benefits. Wetlands are widely acknowledged as an effective nature-based solution. The ecological status of wetlands and the performance of their ecosystem services are closely tied to the hydroperiod. A wetland's hydroperiod is determined by the interplay of water inflows and outflows, the geomorphology of the catchment, and subsurface properties. Understanding and managing the hydroperiod of artificial wetlands is vital to maintaining and increasing ecological and hydrological integrity. Hence, artificial wetlands must be assessed based on both their internal functional processes and their hydrological interactions with the surrounding environment, including water exchanges, sediment transport, and nutrient dynamics.This study analyzes an artificial wetland in the Tuscany, Central Italy, known as Oasi di Gabbianello. Built in 2004, it has become an important ecological site, offering resources and habitat to various plant and animal species, especially migratory birds. The study objectives were to: i) characterize the hydroperiod and its key drivers; ii) develop both a conceptual and numerical hydrological model; and iii) validate the models using hydrometeorological and stable isotope data. These models are essential for enhancing the resilience of the wetland to future climatic stresses. A monitoring program was implemented, including continuous measurements of meteorological conditions, water inflow and outflow, and wetland water levels, alongside biweekly sampling for stable isotope analysis over one year. Continuous monitoring enabled a hydroperiod characterization, revealing precipitation and stream inflow as primary water gains, while evaporation and overflow constituted major losses. Seepage was undetectable at the resolution of observation. Both conceptual and numerical models accurately represented water volume variations, while stable isotope data highlighted transitions between recharge- and evaporation-dominated periods, providing an additional dataset for model validation.Keywords: Wetland; Hydrology; Water Isotopes; Modelling.