Conducting a scoping review helps identify research gaps and opportunities, avoid duplication, guide the selection of appropriate methodologies, and base studies on existing evidence. The aim of this study was to map the literature on body image in children and adolescents (0 to 19 years). The present study follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA). The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, SciELO, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 3257 articles were found, of which 2147 were duplicates, resulting in 1110 articles. Of these, 41 met the inclusion criteria. The results were divided into analytical dimensions, including measurement instruments, programs and interventions, social media, sociodemographic aspects, physical activity, personality and cognitive thinking, and studies with specific populations. The results highlight that peer influence, physical activity, media, and the school environment play crucial roles in shaping young people’s body image; factors such as sex, age, and socioeconomic context emerge as important variables in understanding body perceptions, and educational interventions and health promotion programs have been shown to be effective in preventing and reducing body dissatisfaction, underscoring the need for multifactorial and collaborative approaches.

Introduction . Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) emerges as a technique that utilizes raw parameters of bioelectrical impedance analysis and assumes the use of a reference population for information analysis. Objective . To summarize the reference values, main studies objectives, approaches, pre-test recommendations and technical characteristics of the devices employed in studies utilizing BIVA among children and adolescents without diagnosed diseases. Methods . A systematic search was conducted in nine electronic databases (CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and Web of Science). Studies with different designs which allowed extracting information regarding reference values of BIVA in children and adolescents without diagnosed diseases, aged 19 years or younger, were included. The systematic review followed PRISMA procedures and was registered in PROSPERO (registration: CRD42023391069). Results . After applying the eligibility criteria, 36 studies were included. Twenty studies (55.6%) analyzed body composition using BIVA, thirteen studies (36.1%) aimed to establish reference values for BIVA, and three studies (8.3%) investigated the association of physical performance with BIVA. There was heterogeneity regarding the reference populations employed by the studies. Fifteen studies used their own sample as a reference (41.6%), four studies used the adult population as a reference (11.1%), and five studies used reference values from athletes (13.9%). Conclusion . Nutricional status and body composition were the main studies objectives. References values were not always adequate or specific for the sample and population. Furthermore, there was no pattern of pre-test recommendations among the studies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze classic (BIVAc) and specific (BIVAsp) bioelectrical impedance vector analysis values of children and adolescent athletes according to their maturational status. Methods: A total of 78 subjects (36 male and 42 female), classified as prepubertal and pubertal, participated in the study. Bioelectrical parameters such as resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and impedance (Z) were measured using a tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device (Sanny® BIA1011AF, 50 kHz, 800 μA) and subsequently normalized by height (BIVAc) and by body circumferences and height (BIVAsp). Five adjustment models were developed using analysis of covariance: raw; sex; sex and age; sex, age, and training experience; and sex, age, training experience, and weekly training volume. Results: Prepubertal children and adolescent athletes displayed higher raw bioelectrical values (R, Xc, and Z) than pubertal athletes, even after adjusting for covariates. The BIVAc approach yielded higher values across all adjustment models (p0.05). Conclusions: Prepubertal children and adolescent athletes exhibit higher values of R, Xc, and Z than pubertal athletes, both in raw analyses and when normalized for height (BIVAc). However, when normalized by body circumferences and height (BIVAsp), these differences were no longer significant, suggesting that height normalization preserves maturational differences, whereas normalization by body circumferences attenuates them.

This study aimed to update the Brazilian evidence on the prevalence of children and adolescents who met the health-related criteria for aerobic fitness. This systematic review is part of the Report Card Brazil Project, and the search for relevant information was conducted in nine databases, limited to the period from January 2020 to January 2025. Studies with different designs were included, provided they allowed the extraction of prevalence data for children and adolescents (aged up to 19 years or with a mean age up to 19 years) who met the health criteria for aerobic fitness. A total of 501 articles were identified, and six studies were included based on their compliance with the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of children and adolescents classified as meeting health-related criteria for aerobic fitness was 43.68% (29.81% for males and 28.55% for females). Regarding age groups, children (six to nine years) showed higher prevalence rates of adequate aerobic fitness (61.02%; n = 1,088) compared to adolescents (10 to 17 years) (31.42%; n = 1,075). When comparing the current findings with those of the previous systematic review from this project, a 62.32% improvement was observed in the prevalence of children and adolescents classified as meeting health criteria for aerobic fitness (26.9% in the previous review). However, despite this increase, more than half of the investigated children and adolescents still do not meet the health criteria for aerobic fitness.