Environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, and pathogen attacks, significantly affect potato growth, development, and yield by disrupting key physiological and biochemical processes. Plant responses to these stresses are mediated by changes in gene expression, transcriptional regulation, and the activity of various functional proteins, all of which contribute to the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance. Genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been effectively used to enhance the resistance of potato to environmental stresses and to improve its nutritional value. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent studies retrieved from academic databases focusing on the effects of various environmental stressors on potato growth, yield, and postharvest storage. It also examines the influence of these stresses on the production of secondary metabolites and their associated molecular pathways. Finally, the review highlights advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies between 2021 and 2025 to improve stress tolerance and nutritional traits in potato plants.

Gossypium L. is one of the largest genera, known for its diversity and economic value among field crops, while allotetraploid cotton species have a valuable source of a model system for studying plant polyploidy, phylogeny, and breeding. This review provides, first, the production and use of Cotton (Gossypium) in the world. Second, important information on cotton cultivation and production in Kazakhstan was provided in detail. Third, we summarized the phylogeny of Gossypium L. Fourth, we provided a brief summary of morphological characteristics and whole genome sequence studies of seven allotetraploid cotton species including G. hirsutum (AD)1, G. barbadense (AD)2, G. tomentosum (AD)3, G. mustelinum (AD)4, G. darwinii (AD)5, G. ekmanianum (AD)6 and G. stephensii (AD)7. This review is valuable for future agronomic and molecular research studies on cotton.

Cotton (Gossypium L.) is one of the most economically significant crops globally, with its cultivation spanning diverse geographic regions. The genus Gossypium comprises over 50 species, four of which are widely cultivated for their superior fiber quality. First, this review provides a summary of the phylogey of Gossypium, including genomic features of diploid and allotetraploid species. Second, we detail the origin of all Gossypium species and the human-mediated introduction of G. arboreum, G. herbaceum, G. barbadense, G. hirsutum, and G. harknessii species into new areas. This review highlights the need for continued research into the genetic diversity and adaptive mechanisms of cotton to enhance its sustainable production worldwide.

Gubaidullin N, Kali B, Tussipkan D, Manabayeva SA. 2024. A promising strategy for conservation of Central Asian endemic plant Euonymus koopmannii. Biodiversitas 25: 3114-3120. Cryopreservation of endemic plants is necessary to safeguard the biodiversity and genetic resources of unique species that may face extinction due to climate change or human activities. This process enables the long-term preservation of their genetic information and ensures the possibility of restoring these species. Euonymus koopmannii Lauche is, known as E. nanus var. turkestanicus, is a native to Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries. The E. koopmannii is listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan and has ecological importance in soil stabilization and its decorative value. This study aims to contribute to the conservation efforts of E. koopmannii by establishing an effective cryopreservation protocol for its meristems. This study has identified for the first time an optimized cryopreservation protocol for E. koopmannii meristems involving specific treatment durations and osmotic solutions. The protocol resulted in a significantly higher survival rate (60%) when meristems were precultured with 0.3 M sucrose, treated with Plant Vitrification Solution 2 for 30 min., and regenerated on a medium with 20 g/L sucrose. Secondly, a comparative analysis of cryopreserved regenerates with a control group has revealed that cryopreservation negatively impacted the plant height but significantly increased the number of meristem shoots and roots. This finding highlights the trade-off between growth and root development in cryopreserved plants. Thirdly, the presented optimization of the cryopreservation protocol provides valuable insights for the preservation and regeneration of E. koopmannii meristems. It emphasizes the critical importance of precise treatments and the composition of the nutrient medium to achieve successful cryopreservation and subsequent recovery of plants in tissue culture. This research provides essential information for conserving E. koopmannii, shedding light on the intricate balance required to apply cryopreservation techniques effectively.

Euonymus koopmannii is a rare and protected species in Kazakhstan, valued for its ecological role in soil stabilization and its ornamental properties. This study presents the first use of micropropagation and phylogenetic analysis for the endemic plant E. koopmannii. Seedlings of E. koopmannii proved to be more effective than internodes as primary explants for plant micropropagation of in vitro culture, with a multiplication coefficient of 28.5 from seedlings and 6.1 from internodes. On MSR I medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 0.05 mg/L IAA, a higher success rate of 67% was achieved for root formation of test tube-grown E. koopmannii plants. Using mannitol as an osmotic agent at a concentration of 8 mg/L prolonged the storage time of E. koopmannii under slow growth conditions when compared to CCC and abscisic acid. Phylogenetic relationships and species identification were analyzed using four DNA-barcoding markers, comparing E. koopmannii with species from NCBI. All candidate barcoding markers showed sufficient levels of interspecific genetic variation among Euonymus species. In addition, ITS region and rbcL gene sequences effectively distinguished E. koopmannii from other species. These results provide fundamental information that will be valuable for future biotechnological and molecular studies.

The hawthorn (Crataegus ambigua) is a valuable species used for landscaping, medicinal purposes, and breeding. However, the decline of its natural populations underscores the need for effective microclonal propagation and preservation methods. This study conducted a comparative analysis of seed sterilization methods and obtained sterile seeds and micromasses. The influence of growth regulators, such as 6-BA, GA₃, IBA, and IAA, on microclonal propagation and rhizogenesis was also examined. Optimizing the conditions for slow growth is important for medium-term storage and the sustainable use of this species. These results can be used to develop effective protocols for the clonal micropropagation of C. ambigua, which is important for its conservation and introduction into breeding and reintroduction programs.