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Transferable skills, such as learning skills as well as oral and written communication skills, are needed by today’s experts. The learning of transferable skills was studied during a multidisciplinary two-week, research-oriented intensive course in atmospheric sciences. Students were assessed on their experience of learning data analysis, writing reports and articles, oral presentation, learning and teaching, as well as project and time management skills and the importance of learning these transferable skills in the beginning and at the end of the course. The learning outcomes were constructively aligned with the course and it supported the learning of transferable skills needed by researchers working with multidisciplinary research questions. The methods of teaching were group work, data analysis of real scientific questions and real scientific data, a few expert lectures, discussions with experts and peer-support, and the course evaluation that was based on the groups’ oral presentations and a written report. The groups consisted of seven to eight students and four to six assistants who were working side-by-side for the period of the course. Students considered data analysis, including the formulation of research questions, as the most important transferable skill of the course and stated that it was also what they learned the most. We conclude that the students felt that working with real scientific questions and data in multidisciplinary groups supports the learning of transferable skills. The findings suggest that the students may have learned transferable skills from peers, assistants, and teachers while working in small groups of students in different stages of their studies. The study was conducted from student feedback from one course only, but we have observed while organizing over 50 similar courses that working on real scientific questions and data in a multidisciplinary and multicultural course has been motivating for both the teachers and the students. We recommend this method to be used by research groups who are training the future generation of researchers and experts in atmospheric sciences and other fields.
Taina Ruuskanen; Hanna Vehkamäki; Laura Riuttanen; Antti Lauri. An Exploratory Study of the Learning of Transferable Skills in a Research-Oriented Intensive Course in Atmospheric Sciences. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1385 .
AMA StyleTaina Ruuskanen, Hanna Vehkamäki, Laura Riuttanen, Antti Lauri. An Exploratory Study of the Learning of Transferable Skills in a Research-Oriented Intensive Course in Atmospheric Sciences. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaina Ruuskanen; Hanna Vehkamäki; Laura Riuttanen; Antti Lauri. 2018. "An Exploratory Study of the Learning of Transferable Skills in a Research-Oriented Intensive Course in Atmospheric Sciences." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1385.
Hanna Lappalainen; Tuukka Petäjä; Joni Kujansuu; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Anatoly Shvidenko; Jaana Bäck; Timo Vesala; Timo Vihma; Gerrit De Leeuw; Antti Lauri; Taina Ruuskanen; Vladimir Lapshin; Nina Zaitseva; Olga Glezer; Mikhail Arshinov; Dominick Spracklen; Sirkku Juhola; Heikki Lihavainen; Yrjö Viisanen; Natalia Chubarova; Sergey Chalov; Nikolay Filatov; Andrey Skorokhod; Nikolay Elansky; Egor Dyukarev; Igor Esau; Pertti Hari; Vladimir Kotlyakov; Nikolay Kasimov; Valery Bondur; Gennady Matvienko; Alexander Baklanov; Evgeny Mareev; Yuliya Troitskaya; Aijun Ding; Huadong Guo; Sergej Zilitinkevich; Markku Kulmala; Russia Ros Hydro Met; Genève World Meteorological Organization. PAN EURASIAN EXPERIMENT (PEEX)—A RESEARCH INITIATIVE MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTHERN PAN-EURASIAN ARCTIC-BOREAL AREAS. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 2014, 13 -48.
AMA StyleHanna Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Joni Kujansuu, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Anatoly Shvidenko, Jaana Bäck, Timo Vesala, Timo Vihma, Gerrit De Leeuw, Antti Lauri, Taina Ruuskanen, Vladimir Lapshin, Nina Zaitseva, Olga Glezer, Mikhail Arshinov, Dominick Spracklen, Sirkku Juhola, Heikki Lihavainen, Yrjö Viisanen, Natalia Chubarova, Sergey Chalov, Nikolay Filatov, Andrey Skorokhod, Nikolay Elansky, Egor Dyukarev, Igor Esau, Pertti Hari, Vladimir Kotlyakov, Nikolay Kasimov, Valery Bondur, Gennady Matvienko, Alexander Baklanov, Evgeny Mareev, Yuliya Troitskaya, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Markku Kulmala, Russia Ros Hydro Met, Genève World Meteorological Organization. PAN EURASIAN EXPERIMENT (PEEX)—A RESEARCH INITIATIVE MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTHERN PAN-EURASIAN ARCTIC-BOREAL AREAS. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY. 2014; ():13-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanna Lappalainen; Tuukka Petäjä; Joni Kujansuu; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Anatoly Shvidenko; Jaana Bäck; Timo Vesala; Timo Vihma; Gerrit De Leeuw; Antti Lauri; Taina Ruuskanen; Vladimir Lapshin; Nina Zaitseva; Olga Glezer; Mikhail Arshinov; Dominick Spracklen; Sirkku Juhola; Heikki Lihavainen; Yrjö Viisanen; Natalia Chubarova; Sergey Chalov; Nikolay Filatov; Andrey Skorokhod; Nikolay Elansky; Egor Dyukarev; Igor Esau; Pertti Hari; Vladimir Kotlyakov; Nikolay Kasimov; Valery Bondur; Gennady Matvienko; Alexander Baklanov; Evgeny Mareev; Yuliya Troitskaya; Aijun Ding; Huadong Guo; Sergej Zilitinkevich; Markku Kulmala; Russia Ros Hydro Met; Genève World Meteorological Organization. 2014. "PAN EURASIAN EXPERIMENT (PEEX)—A RESEARCH INITIATIVE MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTHERN PAN-EURASIAN ARCTIC-BOREAL AREAS." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY , no. : 13-48.
The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) is a new multidisciplinary, global change research initiative focusing on understanding biosphere-ocean-cryosphere-climate interactions and feedbacks in Arctic and boreal regions in the Northern Eurasian geographical domain. PEEX operates in an integrative way and it aims at solving the major scientific and society relevant questions in many scales using tools from natural and social sciences and economics. The research agenda identifies the most urgent large scale research questions and topics of the land-atmosphere-aquatic-anthropogenic systems and interactions and feedbacks between the systems for the next decades. Furthermore PEEX actively develops and designs a coordinated and coherent ground station network from Europe via Siberia to China and the coastal line of the Arctic Ocean together with a PEEX-modeling platform. PEEX launches a program for educating the next generation of multidisciplinary researcher and technical experts. This expedites the utilization of the new scientific knowledge for producing a more reliable climate change scenarios in regional and global scales, and enables mitigation and adaptation planning of the Northern societies. PEEX gathers together leading European, Russian and Chinese research groups. With a bottom-up approach, over 40 institutes and universities have contributed the PEEX Science Plan from 18 countries. In 2014 the PEEX community prepared Science Plan and initiated conceptual design of the PEEX land-atmosphere observation network and modeling platform. Here we present the PEEX approach as a whole with the specific attention to research agenda and preliminary design of the PEEX research infrastructure.
Hanna K. Lappalainen; Tuukka Petäjä; Joni Kujansuu; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Anatoly Shvidenko; Jaana Bäck; Timo Vesala; Timo Vihma; Gerrit De Leeuw; Antti Lauri; Taina Ruuskanen; Vladimir B. Lapshin; Nina Zaitseva; Olga Glezer; Mikhail Arshinov; Dominick V. Spracklen; Steve R. Arnold; Sirkku Juhola; Heikki Lihavainen; Yrjö Viisanen; Natalia Chubarova; Sergey Chalov; Nikolay Filatov; Andrey Skorokhod; Nikolay Elansky; Egor Dyukarev; Igor Esau; Pertti Hari; Vladimir Kotlyakov; Nikolay Kasimov; Valery Bondur; Gennady Matvienko; Alexander Baklanov; Evgeny Mareev; Yuliya Troitskaya; Aijun Ding; Huadong Guo; Sergej Zilitinkevich; Markku Kulmala. PAN EURASIAN EXPERIMENT (PEEX) - A RESEARCH INITIATIVE MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTHERN PAN-EURASIAN ARCTIC-BOREAL AREAS. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 2014, 7, 13-48 -48.
AMA StyleHanna K. Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Joni Kujansuu, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Anatoly Shvidenko, Jaana Bäck, Timo Vesala, Timo Vihma, Gerrit De Leeuw, Antti Lauri, Taina Ruuskanen, Vladimir B. Lapshin, Nina Zaitseva, Olga Glezer, Mikhail Arshinov, Dominick V. Spracklen, Steve R. Arnold, Sirkku Juhola, Heikki Lihavainen, Yrjö Viisanen, Natalia Chubarova, Sergey Chalov, Nikolay Filatov, Andrey Skorokhod, Nikolay Elansky, Egor Dyukarev, Igor Esau, Pertti Hari, Vladimir Kotlyakov, Nikolay Kasimov, Valery Bondur, Gennady Matvienko, Alexander Baklanov, Evgeny Mareev, Yuliya Troitskaya, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Markku Kulmala. PAN EURASIAN EXPERIMENT (PEEX) - A RESEARCH INITIATIVE MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTHERN PAN-EURASIAN ARCTIC-BOREAL AREAS. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY. 2014; 7 (2):13-48-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanna K. Lappalainen; Tuukka Petäjä; Joni Kujansuu; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Anatoly Shvidenko; Jaana Bäck; Timo Vesala; Timo Vihma; Gerrit De Leeuw; Antti Lauri; Taina Ruuskanen; Vladimir B. Lapshin; Nina Zaitseva; Olga Glezer; Mikhail Arshinov; Dominick V. Spracklen; Steve R. Arnold; Sirkku Juhola; Heikki Lihavainen; Yrjö Viisanen; Natalia Chubarova; Sergey Chalov; Nikolay Filatov; Andrey Skorokhod; Nikolay Elansky; Egor Dyukarev; Igor Esau; Pertti Hari; Vladimir Kotlyakov; Nikolay Kasimov; Valery Bondur; Gennady Matvienko; Alexander Baklanov; Evgeny Mareev; Yuliya Troitskaya; Aijun Ding; Huadong Guo; Sergej Zilitinkevich; Markku Kulmala. 2014. "PAN EURASIAN EXPERIMENT (PEEX) - A RESEARCH INITIATIVE MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTHERN PAN-EURASIAN ARCTIC-BOREAL AREAS." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 7, no. 2: 13-48-48.
Pasi Kolari; Jaana Bäck; Risto Taipale; Taina M. Ruuskanen; Maija K. Kajos; Janne Rinne; Markku Kulmala; Pertti Hari. Evaluation of accuracy in measurements of VOC emissions with dynamic chamber system. Atmospheric Environment 2012, 62, 344 -351.
AMA StylePasi Kolari, Jaana Bäck, Risto Taipale, Taina M. Ruuskanen, Maija K. Kajos, Janne Rinne, Markku Kulmala, Pertti Hari. Evaluation of accuracy in measurements of VOC emissions with dynamic chamber system. Atmospheric Environment. 2012; 62 ():344-351.
Chicago/Turabian StylePasi Kolari; Jaana Bäck; Risto Taipale; Taina M. Ruuskanen; Maija K. Kajos; Janne Rinne; Markku Kulmala; Pertti Hari. 2012. "Evaluation of accuracy in measurements of VOC emissions with dynamic chamber system." Atmospheric Environment 62, no. : 344-351.
Here we present research methods and results obtained by the Nordic Centre of Excellence Biosphere–Aerosol–Cloud–Climate Interactions (BACCI) between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2007. The centre formed an integrated attempt to understand multiple, but interlinked, biosphere–atmosphere interactions applying inter and multidisciplinary approaches in a coherent manner. The main objective was to study the life cycle of aerosol particles and their importance on climate change. The foundation in BACCI was a thorough understanding of physical, meteorological, chemical and ecophysiological processes, providing a unique possibility to study biosphere–aerosol–cloud–climate interactions. Continuous measurements of atmospheric concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles and precursors and, CO2/aerosol trace gas interactions in different field stations (e.g. SMEAR) were supported by models of particle thermodynamics, transport and dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, boundary layer meteorology and forest growth. The main progress was related to atmospheric new particle formation, existence of clusters, composition of nucleation mode aerosol particles, chemical precursors of fresh aerosol particles, the contribution of biogenic aerosol particles on the global aerosol load, transport, transformation and deposition of aerosol particles, thermodynamics related to aerosol particles and cloud droplets, and the microphysics and chemistry of cloud droplet formation.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00354.x
Markku Kulmala; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Ari Laaksonen; Ilona Riipinen; Mikko Sipilä; Taina M. Ruuskanen; Larisa Sogacheva; Pertti Hari; Jaana Bäck; Kari E. J. Lehtinen; Yrjö Viisanen; Merete Bilde; Birgitta Svenningsson; Mihalis Lazaridis; Kjetil Tørseth; Peter Tunved; E. Douglas Nilsson; Sara Pryor; Lise-Lotte Sørensen; Urmas Hõrrak; Paul M. Winkler; Erik Swietlicki; Marja-Liisa Riekkola; Radovan Krejci; Christopher Hoyle; Øystein Hov; Gunnar Myhre; Hans-Christen Hansson. Overview of the biosphere–aerosol–cloud–climate interactions (BACCI) studies. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 2008, 60, 1 .
AMA StyleMarkku Kulmala, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Ari Laaksonen, Ilona Riipinen, Mikko Sipilä, Taina M. Ruuskanen, Larisa Sogacheva, Pertti Hari, Jaana Bäck, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Yrjö Viisanen, Merete Bilde, Birgitta Svenningsson, Mihalis Lazaridis, Kjetil Tørseth, Peter Tunved, E. Douglas Nilsson, Sara Pryor, Lise-Lotte Sørensen, Urmas Hõrrak, Paul M. Winkler, Erik Swietlicki, Marja-Liisa Riekkola, Radovan Krejci, Christopher Hoyle, Øystein Hov, Gunnar Myhre, Hans-Christen Hansson. Overview of the biosphere–aerosol–cloud–climate interactions (BACCI) studies. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2008; 60 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarkku Kulmala; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Ari Laaksonen; Ilona Riipinen; Mikko Sipilä; Taina M. Ruuskanen; Larisa Sogacheva; Pertti Hari; Jaana Bäck; Kari E. J. Lehtinen; Yrjö Viisanen; Merete Bilde; Birgitta Svenningsson; Mihalis Lazaridis; Kjetil Tørseth; Peter Tunved; E. Douglas Nilsson; Sara Pryor; Lise-Lotte Sørensen; Urmas Hõrrak; Paul M. Winkler; Erik Swietlicki; Marja-Liisa Riekkola; Radovan Krejci; Christopher Hoyle; Øystein Hov; Gunnar Myhre; Hans-Christen Hansson. 2008. "Overview of the biosphere–aerosol–cloud–climate interactions (BACCI) studies." Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 60, no. 3: 1.
The LAPBIAT measurement campaign took place in the Värriö SMEAR I measurement station located in Eastern Lapland in the spring of 2003 between 26 April and 11 May. In this paper we describe the measurement campaign, concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles, air ions and trace gases, paying special attention to an aerosol particle formation event broken by a air mass change from a clean Arctic air mass with new particle formation to polluted one approaching from industrial areas of Kola Peninsula, Russia, lacking new particle formation. Aerosol particle number flux measurements show strong downward fluxes during that time. Concentrations of coarse aerosol particles were high for 1–2 days before the nucleation event (i.e. 28–29 April), very low immediately before and during the observed aerosol particle formation event (30 April) and increased moderately from the moment of sudden break of the event. In general particle deposition measurements based on snow samples show the same changes. Measurements of the mobility distribution of air ions showed elevated concentrations of intermediate air ions during the particle formation event. We estimated the growth rates in the nucleation mode size range. For particles <10 nm, the growth rate increases with size on 30 April. Dispersion modelling made with model SILAM support the conclusion that the nucleation event was interrupted by an outbreak of sulphate-rich air mass in the evening of 30 April that originated from the industry at Kola Peninsula, Russia. The results of this campaign highlight the need for detailed research in atmospheric transport of air constituents for understanding the aerosol dynamics.
T. M. Ruuskanen; M. Kaasik; P. P. Aalto; U. Hõrrak; M. Vana; M. Mårtensson; Y. J. Yoon; P. Keronen; G. Mordas; D. Ceburnis; E. D. Nilsson; C. O'Dowd; M. Noppel; T. Alliksaar; J. Ivask; M. Sofiev; M. Prank; M. Kulmala. Concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles during the LAPBIAT measurement campaign at Värriö field station. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2007, 7, 3683 -3700.
AMA StyleT. M. Ruuskanen, M. Kaasik, P. P. Aalto, U. Hõrrak, M. Vana, M. Mårtensson, Y. J. Yoon, P. Keronen, G. Mordas, D. Ceburnis, E. D. Nilsson, C. O'Dowd, M. Noppel, T. Alliksaar, J. Ivask, M. Sofiev, M. Prank, M. Kulmala. Concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles during the LAPBIAT measurement campaign at Värriö field station. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2007; 7 (14):3683-3700.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. M. Ruuskanen; M. Kaasik; P. P. Aalto; U. Hõrrak; M. Vana; M. Mårtensson; Y. J. Yoon; P. Keronen; G. Mordas; D. Ceburnis; E. D. Nilsson; C. O'Dowd; M. Noppel; T. Alliksaar; J. Ivask; M. Sofiev; M. Prank; M. Kulmala. 2007. "Concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles during the LAPBIAT measurement campaign at Värriö field station." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 14: 3683-3700.
[1] Deep convection associated with thunderstorms and sometimes with frontal systems is an effective way to transport material from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere and even to the lower stratosphere. Aerosol particles observed in clouds and in cloud outflows suggest that deep convection is an important source of particles in the upper troposphere. However, the detailed pathways by which the observed small particles could have been formed inside the clouds are unknown. In this paper we propose a hypothesis, where water insoluble trace gases that can survive the deep convective updraft are producing new particles at low temperatures near the tropopause. In order to be able to verify this new mechanism, laboratory experiments were designed to simulate this process. It was found that ambient water insoluble trace gases were indeed able to produce new aerosol particles by homogeneous nucleation under cloud like conditions. Therefore it seems that our hypothesis gives a plausible explanation for new particle production inside cloud anvils and cloud outflows.
Markku Kulmala; Anni Reissell; Mikko Sipilä; Boris Bonn; Taina M. Ruuskanen; Kari E. J. Lehtinen; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Johan Ström. Deep convective clouds as aerosol production engines: Role of insoluble organics. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111, 1 .
AMA StyleMarkku Kulmala, Anni Reissell, Mikko Sipilä, Boris Bonn, Taina M. Ruuskanen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Johan Ström. Deep convective clouds as aerosol production engines: Role of insoluble organics. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2006; 111 (D17):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarkku Kulmala; Anni Reissell; Mikko Sipilä; Boris Bonn; Taina M. Ruuskanen; Kari E. J. Lehtinen; Veli-Matti Kerminen; Johan Ström. 2006. "Deep convective clouds as aerosol production engines: Role of insoluble organics." Journal of Geophysical Research 111, no. D17: 1.