Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a substantial issue in public health. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the effectiveness of using herbal supplements for T2DM. Among the herbal supplements, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has been attracting an avalanche of attention owing to its main component, curcumin. This review examines the physiological activities and mechanisms of action of curcumin associated with T2DM and its complications. The literature indicates that pro-inflammatory cytokines along with oxidative stress play a very important role in diabetes pathogenesis. Since inflammation is a main cause of disruption of the β cell structure, the anti-diabetic characteristic of curcumin is mainly attributed to its anti-inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant activities. In addition to these activities, curcumin has been developed as a promising prevention/treatment choice for diabetes complications by modulating various critical signal steps owing to the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of curcumin. Studies on diabetic humans and animals have revealed that curcumin may have positive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation and may reduce fasting blood glucose levels, increase insulin sensitivity/secretion and regulate the lipid profile. Thus, it may prevent and treat diabetes by affecting various molecular targets.

This study was conducted to describe the dietary patterns and diet quality and to examine the correlation between diet quality, dietary patterns (Mediterranean or DASH) and migraine attributes.Indi...

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, faklı beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) değerlerine sahip yetişkin bireylerin hedonik açlık durumlarının ve yeme davranışının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 19-64 yıl arasında değişen, 541 erkek (%42.4) ve 735 kadın (%57.6) olmak üzere toplam 1276 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma anketi online olarak (sosyal medya veya e-mail) katılımcılara iletilmiştir. Uygulanan anket formu ile bireylerin bazı demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu sorgulanmıştır. Hedonik açlığın değerlendirmesinde Besin Gücü Ölçeği-Tr (BGÖ-Tr), yeme davranışının değerlendirilmesinde Hollanda Yeme Davranışı Anketi ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bireyler BKİ sınıflamasına göre üç ayrı gruba ayrılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Bireylerin %57.9’u normal vücut ağırlığına sahipken, %31.2’si fazla kilolu ve %10.9’u obez sınıflamasında yer almaktadır. Çalışma sonunda BGÖ-Tr toplam puanının obez grupta normal gruba göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Hollanda Yeme Davranışı Anketi alt grubundan olan kısıtlayıcı yeme ve duygusal yeme puanının fazla kilolu ve obez bireylerde normal vücut ağırlığına sahip olanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.001). BKİ ile besine ulaşılabilirlik, besin mevcudiyeti, BGÖ-Tr toplam puan, kısıtlayıcı yeme ve duygusal yeme alt grupları arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Bu çalışmada hedonik açlık değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan BGÖ-Tr toplam ve alt skorlarının DEBQ alt ölçeklerinden duygusal yeme ve dışsal yeme ile pozitif ilişkisi olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.001). Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre hedonik açlık ile yeme davranış bozuklukları arasında ilişki olduğu ve obez bireylerin hedonik açlık ve yeme davranış bozuklukları açısından normal vücut ağırlığına sahip bireylere göre daha riskli olduğu görülmüştür.

The developing fetus is dependent on the maternal nutritional environment. This study was conducted to determine the effects of a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) applied during pregnancy and/or lactation on the expression levels of some lipid-related genes in rat models. Half of the pregnant rats (n: 6) were fed an HFD (energy from fat: 45%), while the other half (n: 6) were fed a control diet (CD) (energy from fat, 7.7%) during the pregnancy period. During lactation, dams in both groups were divided into two subgroups, with half fed the CD and the other half fed the HFD. Thus, four groups were obtained: CD-CD, CD-HFD, HFD-CD, and HFD-HFD. At the end of lactation, all mothers and half of the offspring were sacrificed. The remaining offspring were fed a CD for five weeks. The average birth weight of the CD group offspring was found to be lower than that of the HFD group (p < 0.05). The amount of adipose tissue was highest in CD-HFD (p < 0.05), while gene expression levels were similar between groups (p > 0.05), and the most degenerative histological changes were observed in the eight-week HFD-HFD (p < 0.05). This study suggests that maternal HFD during pregnancy and lactation may increase adiposity in offspring rats, especially during the weaning period.

: Background: Obesity, which results from a long-term positive energy balance, is affected by many factors, especially nutrition. The sensory properties of foods are associated with increased food intake through hedonic appetite. Taste perception, a component of flavor, is also responsible for increased consumption, through reward and hedonic mechanisms. Foods with high fat and energy content are among the foods that create the reward perception. The perception of fat taste, the primary taste that has recently entered the literature, may also be associated with increased food consumption and body weight. Therefore, in this review, the relationship between fat taste and obesity is examined, using the latest literature. Results: Different hypotheses have been proposed regarding the mechanism of the relationship between fat-taste perception and obesity, such as hedonic appetite, microbiota, decreased taste perception, and increased taste threshold level. In addition, some studies examining this relationship reported significant associations between the level of fat-taste perception and obesity, whereas others did not find a significant difference. Conclusion: Considering the prevalence and contribution to obesity of Western-style nutrition, characterized by high amounts of fat and sugar consumption, elucidating this relationship may be an essential solution for preventing and treating obesity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on the disease prognosis and biochemical parameters in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). Nineteen adult male individuals(18-65 years) who were diagnosed with mild OSAS after polysomnography and had low vitamin D levels were included in the study. Each week, patients took 50.000 IU Vitamin D3 supplementation for 8 weeks. Polysomnography, biochemical parameters FBG (fasting blood glucose), lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C), calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, calcitonin, serum 25(OH)D, insulin, CRP, TNF-?, IL-6 and IL-10 of patients were evaluated at the beginning of study and at the end of the study. All assessments, including polysomnography, were repeated after 8 weeks. Serum vitamin D levels were initially 19.5 ± 5.01 ng / mL and increased to 41.8 ± 10.51 ng / mL (p <0.001) at the end of the study. FBG, TC and HOMA-IR of the patients were significantly decreased (p <0.05). CRP,TNF-?, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were also correlated with serum vitamin D levels (p <0.05). There was a significant decrease in number of obstructive apneas, apneas and hypopneas, apnea index, hypopnea index and apnea hypopnea index of the patients (p <0.05). As a result, it is thought that vitamin D supplementation may have a positive effect on the disease prognosis of mild OSAS.