In the current landscape of medical data management, processing data across diverse institutions and maximizing their value are paramount. However, traditional methods lack a secure and efficient mechanism for end-to-end traceability and supervision, posing challenges in distributed scenarios lacking mutual trust. Leveraging blockchain’s decentralized, tamper-proof, and traceable features, this paper introduces a blockchain-based medical data management platform. This platform enables full-process management of raw data, operational behaviors, intermediate data, and final data, meeting the needs of trusted storage and supervision of data. We propose two methods, namely, naive method and DAG-based method, to realize forward tracking and backward tracing of medical data stored on the blockchain, respectively. We validated and analyzed the storage and query performance of the medical data management platform on real medical data, and we also conducted experimental analyses on the efficiency of the proposed traceability algorithm under different data scales and processing path lengths. The results demonstrate that our platform and traceability methods effectively meet the management needs of medical data distributed across institutions.

Blockchain has been extensively used on the Internet of Things (IoT). However, several problems exist in current blockchain systems that limit their usability in IoT networks. First, Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus most used in current blockchain systems generates excessive energy consumption. Second, the single digital token system limits the development of blockchain in multiple IoT applications. Finally, the large amount of data generated by IoT devices and stored in blockchains has huge storage requirements. To deal with these problems, we propose HuaBaseChain—an extensible blockchain with high performance. HuaBaseChain has three features. First, HuaBaseChain uses a novel Proof-of-Participation (PoP) consensus to reduce energy consumption. Second, HuaBaseChain extends the single digital token model to a multidimensional digital token model, enabling more varied applications that can be tailored to the needs of IoT device managers. Third, HuaBaseChain devises an underlying Merkle forest data structure to reduce storage requirements. HuaBaseChain is suited for IoT applications that contain a variety of IoT devices and generate massive amounts of data. We demonstrate the efficiency of HuaBaseChain on IoT data sets and the significantly larger Bitcoin data set. Our experiments show that HuaBaseChain runs efficiently, with significantly reduced energy consumption, greater efficiency, lower storage requirements, and higher query speed.