Background/Objectives: Executive function, which includes inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, tends to decline with aging. While traditional resistance training (TRT) has shown positive effects in mitigating these declines, limited evidence is available regarding flywheel resistance training (FRT). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of TRT and FRT on executive function in older women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05910632), 29 older women were allocated into two groups: TRT (n = 15) and FRT (n = 14). The intervention lasted eight weeks with two weekly sessions conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa. The TRT group performed exercises using machines and free weights, while the FRT group used a multi-leg isoinertial device. Executive function was assessed using the Victoria Stroop Test (inhibitory control), Digit Span Test (working memory), and Trail Making Tests A and B (cognitive flexibility). Data were analyzed using a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (p < 0.05). Results: No significant changes were observed in inhibitory control (p = 0.350). Working memory improved significantly within both groups in forward (p = 0.002) and backward (p = 0.002) span tasks. For cognitive flexibility, Trail Making Test A showed no significant changes (p > 0.05), but Test B showed significant within-group (p = 0.030) and between-group (p = 0.020) improvements. The B-A difference was also significant (p = 0.040). Conclusions: Both resistance training modalities enhanced working memory and cognitive flexibility. However, FRT produced greater improvements in cognitive flexibility, suggesting potential advantages in cognitive aging interventions.

Introduction: Women’s futsal demands strength, agility, speed, and endurance, involving sprints, dribbling, and rapid directional changes. In this context, the hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) strength ratio and bilateral muscle asymmetries are recognized as risk factors for lower limb injuries and may also impact athletic performance. Objective: This study aimed to analyze power output in two inertial flywheel resistance exercises and identify muscle imbalances in the lower limbs of female university futsal players. Methods: Twelve athletes (22.9 ± 2.3 years; 163 ± 6.8 cm; 60.9 ± 9.9 kg; 22.8 ± 3.1 kg/m²; ≥9 years of experience) participated in the study. They performed 2 sets of 8 unilateral knee flexion and extension repetitions per limb, following a warm-up of 20 bodyweight squats. Power output was assessed using a multi-joint isoinertial device (Physical Solutions, SP, Brazil). Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, with significance set at α = 0.05. Results: Eccentric power was significantly higher in both exercises and limbs (EJPD = 0.003; EJPE = 0.006; FJPD < 0.001; FJPE < 0.001). An imbalance in the H/Q ratio was observed: concentric right = 50.38% ± 14.67; left = 42.46% ± 9.24; eccentric right = 56.71% ± 15.56; left = 58.38% ± 21.06. The right limb showed a greater concentric imbalance (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Eccentric power was higher in both exercises without inter-limb differences. An H/Q imbalance was detected, with greater asymmetry in the right leg for concentric power. Coaches are encouraged to prioritize eccentric training to address these imbalances.

Objetivo: avaliar efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares sobre qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e nível de atividade física em adultos e idosos. Métodos: A amostra selecionada foi de 60 participantes (66 ± 10 anos), alocados em ordem de preferência em um grupo síncrono, no qual o exercício foi supervisionado em tempo real de forma virtual (67 ± 10 anos; n = 45), e um grupo assíncrono (64 ± 6 anos; n = 15), sem supervisão em tempo real. O programa prescrito foi o mesmo para ambos os grupos e consistiam em exercícios de força e equilíbrio relacionados às atividades da vida diária. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo Short Form Health Survey, o nível de atividade física através do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física e a capacidade funcional pelo teste de sentar e levantar. A intervenção durou 8 semanas, 2 sessões por semana e intensidade moderada controlada pela escala de percepção subjetiva de esforço adaptada (BORG 0-10). Resultados: O grupo síncrono apresentou aumento da qualidade de vida no domínio de saúde mental, capacidade funcional e do nível de atividade física nos domínios atividades domésticas e exercício físico após a intervenção. O grupo assíncrono, entretanto, não apresentou nenhuma diferença estatística nas variáveis estudadas. Conclusão: O programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares, quando realizado de forma síncrona, mostrou-se uma boa estratégia para aumentar o nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida no domínio saúde mental, aspectos provavelmente prejudicados pelo distanciamento social durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, o impacto na saúde do indivíduo em consequência da obesidade infantil, seus impactos durante as fases da vida, descrevendo quais as complicações e apresentando os riscos para a saúde das crianças em decorrência dos maus hábitos alimentares. Métodos: Para elaboração da pesquisa, foram analisados periódicos de revistas científicas e artigos científicos, tendo como base de dados PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico, sobre o tema. A busca foi limitada à língua inglesa e portuguesa, e os artigos analisados foram selecionados por apresentarem grande relevância sobre o tema. Resultados: Observou-se que crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentam maiores probabilidades de virem a desenvolver várias doenças na infância, repercutindo ao longo da vida, reduzindo a qualidade e expectativa de vida. Baixa renda, genética, a falta de exercícios físicos, maus hábitos alimentares e problemas socioeconômicos são os principais fatores que colaboram para o aumento da obesidade infantil. Conclusão: Estratégias de promoção de saúde que mais surtem efeitos são melhoras dos hábitos de vida, como, alimentação saudável e da prática de atividades físicas.

This randomized controlled trial compared flywheel-based resistance training with traditional resistance training on depressive symptoms in sedentary older women. Twenty-nine women aged ≥60 years without clinical depression were randomized (blocks of 2 and 4) to flywheel (n = 14) or traditional resistance training (n = 15) for 8 weeks (six exercises, twice weekly) at the Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil. Flywheel devices provide inertial resistance and eccentric overload by storing and releasing kinetic energy. Depressive symptoms were the primary outcome. Allocation was concealed with sealed envelopes; outcome assessors and the principal investigator were blinded. Twenty-eight participants completed the protocol; one dropout in the traditional group required multiple imputation. Adjusted depressive symptom scores were 2.7 ± 2.7 in the flywheel group (↓2.5 points) and 2.0 ± 2.8 in the traditional group (↓2.0 points), with no between-group difference (p = 0.193). The effect size was small (ηp² = 0.03) and statistical power was low (1-β = 0.25). All adverse events were mild (grade 1); no serious events occurred. Both flywheel and traditional resistance training showed potential to reduce depressive symptoms in sedentary older women. Larger trials are warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05910632.