Oral cavity and lip cancers are the 16th most common cancer in the world. It is widely known that a lack of public knowledge about precancerous lesions, oral cancer symptoms, and risk factors leads to diagnostic delay and therefore a lower survival rate. Risk factors, which include drinking alcohol, smoking, HPV infection, a pro-inflammatory factor-rich diet, and poor oral hygiene, must be known and avoided by the general population. Regular clinical oral examinations should be enriched in an oral cancer search protocol for the most common symptoms, which are summarized in this review. Moreover, new diagnostic methods, some of which are already available (vital tissue staining, optical imaging, oral cytology, salivary biomarkers, artificial intelligence, colposcopy, and spectroscopy), and newly researched techniques increase the likelihood of stopping the pathological process at a precancerous stage. Well-established oral cancer treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) are continuously being developed using novel technologies, increasing their success rate. Additionally, new techniques are being researched. This review presents a novel glance at oral cancer—its current classification and epidemiology—and will provide new insights into the development of new diagnostic methods and therapies.

Background: Digital intraoral scanners (IOSs) represent one of the key tools in contemporary digital dentistry and are widely applied in prosthodontics, orthodontics, implantology, and treatment monitoring. The aim of this study was to critically analyze the factors affecting the accuracy of intraoral scanning and to evaluate their clinical significance. Methods: This study was designed as a narrative literature review conducted using a structured literature search. The analysis was based on publications retrieved from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and published between 2016 and 2026 using keywords related to intraoral scanners, digital impressions, trueness, precision, scanning strategy, operator experience, scanner type, restorative materials, and clinical conditions. Results: Twenty publications selected according to the review scope and eligibility criteria were included. Based on the analysis, four major groups of factors influencing IOS accuracy were identified: scanning strategy, operator experience, scanner type and restorative material, and clinical/environmental conditions. The available evidence most consistently associated scan quality with the scanner type and the applied scanning strategy, although the effectiveness of individual protocols depended on the specific IOS system used. The influence of operator experience remained inconclusive and appeared to be less significant in modern devices equipped with advanced image reconstruction algorithms. Clinical factors such as lighting conditions, arch morphology, subgingival preparation margins, maneuverability restrictions, and material-related optical properties also played an important role, whereas humidity and moisture control should be interpreted as possible clinical confounders rather than experimentally verified independent factors in the included primary studies. Conclusions: The findings indicate that intraoral scanning accuracy is a multifactorial phenomenon requiring individualized adaptation of the scanning procedure to clinical conditions and the type of IOS system used. Because the included evidence was heterogeneous and did not allow for formal ranking of effect magnitude, conclusions regarding the relative importance of individual factors should be interpreted with caution.

Modern medicine increasingly relies on a partnership model in which the patient’s trust in medical staff plays a key role. When assessing the competence, credibility, and empathy of physicians, patients rely not only on clinical information but also on nonverbal cues, such as appearance and attire. The aim of this study was to compile and analyze current knowledge regarding the impact of medical attire—its color and style—on patients’ perceptions of medical staff. This study is a narrative literature review utilizing the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The analysis included publications from 2016 to 2025 concerning the impact of the color and type of medical attire on patients’ perceptions of medical staff. The search strategy included combinations of keywords related to medical attire, clothing color, patient trust, fear of the dentist (dentophobia), and the doctor-patient relationship. After selecting the publications, nine studies were included in the analysis. The analyzed studies showed that the color of medical attire influences the assessment of medical staff’s professionalism, competence, empathy, and credibility. Shades of blue and navy blue were rated most positively, as they were associated with professionalism, calmness, and a high level of competence. The color black was consistently rated negatively and associated with lower levels of trust and empathy. Green uniforms were strongly associated with procedural specialties, particularly surgery, but did not always receive the highest ratings in terms of interpersonal traits. In many studies, the white coat remained a significant symbol of professionalism, especially among older patients and in outpatient care. The results indicate that the color of medical attire is a significant element of nonverbal communication and influences how patients perceive medical staff, enhances patient comfort, and builds trust in the patient-physician relationship.

Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Because of its potential for malignant transformation, it requires appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up. The aim of this review was to present contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic methods for oral leukoplakia, with particular emphasis on advanced imaging techniques, artificial intelligence-based tools, and laser therapies. A narrative review of the literature published between 2015 and 2026 was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies addressing diagnostic methods, surgical treatment, laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, and factors influencing recurrence and malignant transformation were analyzed. The findings indicate that modern imaging techniques, such as autofluorescence, narrow band imaging, and optical coherence tomography, may support the early detection of lesions with an increased risk of malignancy. Laser treatment, particularly with CO₂ and Er:YAG lasers, shows efficacy comparable to or greater than conventional methods, with a favorable healing profile and reduced postoperative symptoms. Photodynamic therapy also provides promising results. Despite technological progress, no method completely eliminates the risk of malignant transformation. Early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and long-term patient monitoring remain essential.

Introduction Dental implant therapy has become a predictable and widely accepted treatment modality for the restoration of oral function and aesthetics. Despite high long-term survival rates, biological complications such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis remain significant challenges that may compromise implant stability and patient quality of life. Implant surface characteristics play a crucial role in both osseointegration and microbial colonization, creating a complex balance between enhanced bone integration and resistance to biofilm formation. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current strategies in dental implant surface engineering with regard to their dual role in promoting osseointegration and preventing peri-implant diseases. Materials and Methods Literature published between 2020 and 2025 was analyzed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Results The review discusses the influence of surface topography, roughness, chemistry, and wettability on biological responses at the implant interface. Furthermore, contemporary modification strategies, including bioactive ceramic coatings, ion and nanoparticle incorporation, nanotopography, anodization, and laser surface treatments, are critically evaluated. Emerging multifunctional approaches combining osteogenic and antimicrobial properties are also highlighted. Conclusions Current evidence suggests that no single surface modification fully optimizes both osseointegration and bacterial resistance. However, advanced nanostructured and laser-modified surfaces demonstrate promising potential for improving long-term implant performance. Future progress in implantology will likely depend on integrating biomaterial innovations with individualized clinical approaches and long-term evidence-based evaluation.

Introduction: Dental anxiety is a common barrier to effective dental care and may lead to avoidance of visits, deterioration of oral health, and reduced cooperation during treatment. Growing interest in non-pharmacological methods has increased attention to virtual reality and other supportive interventions. Objective: This review assessed current evidence on the effectiveness of virtual reality and other non-pharmacological approaches in reducing dental anxiety and pain and improving patient cooperation. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of full-text English-language articles published between 2019 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed and reference list screening. Search terms covered dental anxiety, virtual reality, distraction, behavioral interventions, and other non-pharmacological techniques. Results: Virtual reality generally reduced dental anxiety and improved cooperation, particularly in pediatric patients. Some studies also reported beneficial effects on physiological stress indicators, while evidence for pain reduction remained inconsistent. Audiovisual distraction, breathing techniques, and behavioral preparation were also associated with favorable outcomes. Conclusions: Virtual reality is a useful adjunct in managing dental anxiety, especially in pediatric dentistry. Evidence is strongest for anxiety reduction and improved cooperation, whereas its effect on pain requires further research. Other non-pharmacological interventions may also support anxiety management.