Oral cavity and lip cancers are the 16th most common cancer in the world. It is widely known that a lack of public knowledge about precancerous lesions, oral cancer symptoms, and risk factors leads to diagnostic delay and therefore a lower survival rate. Risk factors, which include drinking alcohol, smoking, HPV infection, a pro-inflammatory factor-rich diet, and poor oral hygiene, must be known and avoided by the general population. Regular clinical oral examinations should be enriched in an oral cancer search protocol for the most common symptoms, which are summarized in this review. Moreover, new diagnostic methods, some of which are already available (vital tissue staining, optical imaging, oral cytology, salivary biomarkers, artificial intelligence, colposcopy, and spectroscopy), and newly researched techniques increase the likelihood of stopping the pathological process at a precancerous stage. Well-established oral cancer treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) are continuously being developed using novel technologies, increasing their success rate. Additionally, new techniques are being researched. This review presents a novel glance at oral cancer—its current classification and epidemiology—and will provide new insights into the development of new diagnostic methods and therapies.

Background: CAR T-cell therapy and T-cell–engaging bispecific antibodies have transformed the treatment of relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies, but their oral and dental consequences remain incompletely characterized. Objective: To synthesize open-access evidence on oral complications associated with CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies and to propose a practical dental-management algorithm. Methods: A structured narrative search of open-access literature published from 2015 through July 28, 2026 was conducted, with emphasis on PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, open-access publisher platforms, and reference-list screening. Evidence was synthesized according to treatment mechanism, molecular target, oral manifestation, and phase of care. Results: CAR T-cell therapy and BCMA-targeting bispecific antibodies are primarily relevant to dental care because of cytopenias, hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired immune recovery, and infection risk. GPRC5D-targeting treatment, particularly talquetamab, is additionally associated with dysgeusia, oral dryness, swallowing difficulties, mucosal changes, dietary restriction, and weight loss. Direct oral evidence after CAR T-cell therapy remains sparse. Conclusions: Dental care should be individualized according to treatment phase, molecular target, immune status, blood counts, infection risk, and functional effects of oral toxicity. The proposed algorithm is expert-informed and requires prospective validation.

Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder with a complex etiopathogenesis. Its diagnosis is based on the exclusion of local and systemic causes of burning sensations affecting the oral mucosa. Despite advances in current knowledge, the diagnosis and treatment of BMS remain significant clinical challenges. Objective: To present the current state of knowledge regarding the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and contemporary treatment strategies for burning mouth syndrome. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, including 24 full-text publications published between 2015 and 2025 and identified through searches of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The analysis included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and selected review articles addressing the diagnosis and treatment of BMS. Results: Current evidence indicates that BMS is a multifactorial disorder in which neuropathic mechanisms play a predominant role. Comprehensive differential diagnosis and the exclusion of secondary causes of oral burning symptoms remain fundamental to the diagnostic process. Available therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions such as photobiomodulation and neuromodulation, may reduce symptom severity in some patients. However, the quality of the available evidence is limited by substantial heterogeneity among studies. Conclusions: Effective management of BMS requires an individualized therapeutic approach and multidisciplinary collaboration. Further well-designed clinical studies employing standardized diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and outcome measures are needed to develop reliable evidence-based recommendations for the management of BMS.

Introduction: Dental anxiety is a common barrier to effective dental care and may lead to avoidance of visits, deterioration of oral health, and reduced cooperation during treatment. Growing interest in non-pharmacological methods has increased attention to virtual reality and other supportive interventions. Objective: This review assessed current evidence on the effectiveness of virtual reality and other non-pharmacological approaches in reducing dental anxiety and pain and improving patient cooperation. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of full-text English-language articles published between 2019 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed and reference list screening. Search terms covered dental anxiety, virtual reality, distraction, behavioral interventions, and other non-pharmacological techniques. Results: Virtual reality generally reduced dental anxiety and improved cooperation, particularly in pediatric patients. Some studies also reported beneficial effects on physiological stress indicators, while evidence for pain reduction remained inconsistent. Audiovisual distraction, breathing techniques, and behavioral preparation were also associated with favorable outcomes. Conclusions: Virtual reality is a useful adjunct in managing dental anxiety, especially in pediatric dentistry. Evidence is strongest for anxiety reduction and improved cooperation, whereas its effect on pain requires further research. Other non-pharmacological interventions may also support anxiety management.

Antibiotic prescribing in dentistry represents an important component of antimicrobial stewardship because dental professionals contribute substantially to community antibiotic exposure. Acute endodontic conditions are frequently encountered in urgent dental care, although systemic antibiotics have a limited role in most localized pulpal and periapical diseases. This narrative review examined evidence concerning antibiotic indications in acute endodontic conditions, international prescribing recommendations, reported prescribing practices, determinants of inappropriate prescribing, and potential stewardship interventions. The evidence was synthesized qualitatively. Current recommendations consistently prioritize definitive local treatment and source control and discourage antibiotics for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, and localized acute apical abscesses without systemic involvement. Antibiotics are mainly indicated when infection is spreading or accompanied by systemic manifestations such as fever, diffuse swelling, cellulitis, progressive trismus, dysphagia, or other signs of significant infection. Nevertheless, inappropriate prescribing remains common and is associated with diagnostic uncertainty, fear of complications, patient expectations, time pressure, limited access to urgent operative treatment, and organizational barriers. Evidence from stewardship programmes suggests that education alone is less effective than multimodal interventions incorporating guidelines, decision-support tools, audit and feedback, and patient communication. Antimicrobial stewardship in endodontics should therefore be considered not only a clinical issue but also a public-health and healthcare-system challenge.

Background: Oral manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome, particularly xerostomia caused by salivary gland hypofunction, impair oral function, increase the risk of dental and mucosal complications, and reduce quality of life. Symptomatic management remains the mainstay of treatment, although several emerging therapies have recently been investigated. Aim: To review current evidence on established and emerging treatments for the oral manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Publications from January 2015 to July 2026 were analyzed to evaluate conventional management, pharmacological and physical therapies, prevention of oral complications, and systemic immunomodulatory approaches. Results: Conventional management, including patient education, saliva substitutes, topical fluoride, dietary modification, and preventive dental care, remains the cornerstone of treatment. Pilocarpine and cevimeline are the most effective secretagogues in patients with preserved salivary gland function but are limited by cholinergic adverse effects. Sialendoscopy and intraductal irrigation show the strongest evidence among minimally invasive therapies. Current evidence does not support hydroxychloroquine, conventional immunosuppressants, rituximab, or abatacept for isolated oral dryness. Emerging targeted therapies, including ianalumab, dazodalibep, and nipocalimab, have shown promising preliminary results. Conclusions: Management should be individualized and multidisciplinary, combining symptomatic relief, preservation of residual salivary gland function, prevention of oral complications, and appropriate treatment of systemic disease. Targeted therapies are promising but require confirmation in larger clinical trials..