A novel eco-friendly and durable superhydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric with fluorine-free, halogen-free was prepared via step-by-step dip-coating and spraying technology. At first, common cotton fabric was impregnated in the flame-retardant ethoxysilane-terminated phosphate polyurethane. Afterwards, methanol mixture containing silica nanoparticles, methyl triethoxysilane, and dihydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was sprayed on the surface of the cotton fabric. Finally, a flame-retardant cotton fabric with micro-nano rough surface and low surface energy was formed. The resulting superhydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric exhibited superamphiphobicity with the contact angle and sliding angle of 160° and 6°, respectively, while flame retardancy with limited oxygen index of 28.1%. and flame self-extinguishing. Furthermore, this superhydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric showed robust superhydrophobicity and flame-retardancy after undergoing 1000 cycles of abrasion, 60 min of ultrasonic washing and 50 standard machine washing cycles, in sequence, indicating its potential as a multifunctional protective textile fabric. Additionally, the method proposed in this study can effectively solve durability and environmental problems currently faced by the coated fabric with superhydrophobicity and flame-retardancy.

Enabling fabrics to achieve superoleophobicity and superhydrophobicity can greatly improve their application prospects. The superamphiphobic surface based on fabric has attracted widespread attention from researchers and industrial fields due to its unique flexibility and breathability, which are significantly different from other substrates. Herein, we review some important nodes in the development process of superamphiphobic surfaces that chiefly impact superamphiphobic fabrics (SAFs). Meanwhile, the construction mechanism of SAF based on the research progress of low surface energy materials and fabric surfaces was summarized. Finally, we summarize the existing research on SAF, including different preparation methods such as material modification and surface roughness construction, as well as multifunctional applications of SAF achieved by adding other functional materials.

Aramid fabric is widely used in various fields, owing to its excellent mechanical properties and flame resistance. Therefore, the development of multifunctional integrated aramid fabrics for extreme working conditions, such as firefighting, rescue operations, and extreme sports, will greatly expand their market application prospects. In this study, we synthesized a cationic waterborne polyurethane, and then mixed it with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and TiO ₂ nanoparticles to obtain a suspension, as an antibacterial and ultraviolet (UV) shielding agent, and water-based fluorinated block polyacrylate lotion, as a water repellent. Finally, we used the two-dip–tow-nip process to prepare a durable composite aramid fabric with superhydrophobicity, antibacterial properties, and UV shielding (a superhydrophobic antibacterial UV-shielding fabric, SAUF). The morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the SAUF were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the water contact angle of SAUF was 152.7 ± 0.1°, with an antibacterial rate of over 99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , an UV shielding rate of 99.9%, and an oil–water separation efficiency of over 98% for toluene, n-hexane, and trichloromethane. This study provides a simple and feasible preparation method of multifunctional aramid fabric and broadens its application prospects.

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric is widely used in many fields due to its excellent properties such as high modulus, high strength, and impact resistance. However, its high flammability prevents its application in high-temperature environments. Therefore, it is important to develop multifunctional UHMWPE fabric to meet its different requirements in firefighting, military, and other scenarios. Here, we have prepared a durable flame-retardant superhydrophobic UHMWPE fabric by a simple coating method. A polyurethane solution mixed with decabromodiphenylethane and antimony trioxide is scraped on the surface of the fabric to form a coating, which endows the fabric with flame retardancy. The sprayed fluorinated hydrophobic agent provides superhydrophobic properties to the fabric. It is worth mentioning that plasma pretreatment greatly improves the adhesion properties of the coating by stimulating the active groups on the surface of the fabric. Tests have shown that the adhesion between the coating and the surface of the plasma-treated UHMWPE fabric has been greatly improved. The limiting oxygen index value of the coating UHMWPE fabric has increased by 90%, and it immediately extinguishes after leaving the flame, demonstrating excellent flame retardancy. The contact angle between its surface and water reaches 156°, exhibiting excellent superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties. This study provides a simple, convenient, and effective method for the development of multifunctional UHMWPE fabric, greatly expanding its application scenarios and providing ideas for future development.

In this paper, the tensile models of the negative Poisson’s ratio yarn with incompressible component yarn and compressible component yarn are constructed. The theoretical Poisson’s ratio curves exhibit the same trend as the experiment. Compared with the theoretical model of incompressible component yarns, a 14% reduction was found in the maximum negative Poisson’s ratio value in the compressible component yarns model. Additionally, the modified theoretical model was established to improve further the accuracy of the model. Both the variation trend and Poisson’s ratio value of the theoretical curves are highly consistent with the experimental results, and the average difference rate of the maximum Poisson’s ratio value is below 10%, which proves the effectiveness of the corrected theoretical model in predicting the auxetic behavior. Our theoretical model not only considers the initial helical path of the wrap yarn could not be completely horizontally straightened when it is just subject to an axial tensile force but also takes the influence of component yarn sectional shape changes into account. The as-constructed theoretical model is more realistic and can guide the design of negative Poisson’s ratio yarn and optimize the theoretical modeling method.