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In this study, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluent of treated swine wastewater by Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Limnobium laevigatum, and Lemna sp. was investigated. This study also aimed to quantify the potential biomass production and lignocellulosic composition of the floating plants cultured in the effluent. Plants were grown in treated swine wastewater effluent or Hoagland's solution. Pistia stratiotes showed the highest total nitrogen removal of 63.15% from the treated effluent. Lemna sp. showed the highest phosphorus removal of 36.15% from the treated effluent. However, Lemna sp. could not be further utilized because the plants could only be cultured for 13 days. The effluent likely had properties that inhibited the growth and nutrient uptake by the plants; further studies would be required to verify these properties. Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes have higher tolerance than Lemna sp. to grow in treated swine wastewater. Eichhornia crassipes produced the highest biomass of 5.19 g dry weight/m2/day. Cellulose and lignin contents were higher in the Hoagland's solution treatment when compared with the effluent. However, based on an independent T-test analysis, the cellulose contents of plants grown in different media were not significantly different. Hemicellulose content was significantly different for Pistia stratiotes (p < 0.05). Finally, lignin content was significantly different for Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna sp (p < 0.05). The nutrient composition and available plant nutrients as well as other substances present in the effluent might have influenced the plant cell wall composition.
Sartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto; Anriansyah Renggaman; Hong Lim Choi. Floating aquatic plants for total nitrogen and phosphorus removal from treated swine wastewater and their biomass characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 231, 763 -769.
AMA StyleSartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto, Anriansyah Renggaman, Hong Lim Choi. Floating aquatic plants for total nitrogen and phosphorus removal from treated swine wastewater and their biomass characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 231 ():763-769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto; Anriansyah Renggaman; Hong Lim Choi. 2018. "Floating aquatic plants for total nitrogen and phosphorus removal from treated swine wastewater and their biomass characteristics." Journal of Environmental Management 231, no. : 763-769.
The effectiveness of co-additives for improving livestock waste composting (reduction of air pollution and conservation of nutrients) was investigated. Biochar and Flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) were used to supplement the composting of a mixture of slaughter waste, swine slurry, and sawdust. Different compositions of additives (0% or 5% each, 10% biochar or FGD gypsum) were tested in triplicate on the laboratory scale. In addition, the effects of two different aeration schemes (continuous and intermittent) were also investigated. Ammonia volatilization, physicochemical characteristics, and compost maturity indices were investigated. The results indicated that the use of the co-additive (Biochar and FGD gypsum) during composting of livestock waste led to a reduction of ammonia volatilization by 26–59% and to a 6.7–7.9-fold increase of nitrate accumulation. The total ammonia volatilization of intermittent aeration treatment was lower than that of continuous aeration using co-additives treatment. It was concluded that co-additives (biochar and FGD gypsum) might be utilized in livestock waste composting to reduce ammonia volatilization and improve nutrient conservation.
Andi Febrisiantosa; Balasubramani Ravindran; Hong Choi. The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste. Sustainability 2018, 10, 795 .
AMA StyleAndi Febrisiantosa, Balasubramani Ravindran, Hong Choi. The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndi Febrisiantosa; Balasubramani Ravindran; Hong Choi. 2018. "The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 795.
A simple binary scoring system (SBSS) was developed and used to assess the welfare measures of commercial broiler chickens in South Korea. We also correlated welfare measures with environmental parameters of broiler house. Our measures of welfare included lameness, hock burn (HB) and foot pad dermatitis (FPD), whilst environmental parameters included air temperature, relative humidity, air speed, light intensity, air quality (in particular carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations) and airborne microbes. The effect of environmental parameters on welfare measures was apparent even on 10-day-old broilers. A non-parametric correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between environmental parameters and welfare measures. The key environmental parameters were relative humidity and light intensity. The results indicate that there is a need for proper control of environmental conditions on poultry farms, which could reduce health problems and subsequently reduce disease and mortality. In conclusion, the simplicity of SBSS makes it preferable over more complex scoring systems and allows a farmer to more easily assess the welfare measures on their own farm.
Priyanka Kumari; Hong-Lim Choi; Shamira Hazi Metali; Siti Anisah Hazi Yussof; Jiwoon Han. Validation of a simple binary scoring system for assessment of welfare measures of 10-day-old commercial broilers and their correlation with environmental parameters. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2015, 57, 1 -5.
AMA StylePriyanka Kumari, Hong-Lim Choi, Shamira Hazi Metali, Siti Anisah Hazi Yussof, Jiwoon Han. Validation of a simple binary scoring system for assessment of welfare measures of 10-day-old commercial broilers and their correlation with environmental parameters. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 2015; 57 (1):1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StylePriyanka Kumari; Hong-Lim Choi; Shamira Hazi Metali; Siti Anisah Hazi Yussof; Jiwoon Han. 2015. "Validation of a simple binary scoring system for assessment of welfare measures of 10-day-old commercial broilers and their correlation with environmental parameters." Journal of Animal Science and Technology 57, no. 1: 1-5.
Due to increased interest in animal welfare, there is now a need for a comprehensive assessment protocol to be used in intensive pig farming systems. There are two current welfare assessment protocols for pigs: Welfare Quality® Assessment Protocols (applicable in the Europe Union), that mostly focuses on animal-based measures, and the Swine Welfare Assurance Program (applicable in the United States), that mostly focuses on management- and environment-based measures. In certain cases, however, animal-based measures might not be adequate for properly assessing pig welfare status. Similarly, welfare assessment that relies only on environment- and management-based measures might not represent the actual welfare status of pigs. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to develop a new welfare protocol by integrating animal-, environment-, and management-based measures. The background for selection of certain welfare criteria and modification of the scoring systems from existing welfare assessment protocols are described. The developed pig welfare assessment protocol consists of 17 criteria that are related to four main principles of welfare (good feeding, good housing, good health, and appropriate behavior). Good feeding, good housing, and good health were assessed using a 3-point scale: 0 (good welfare), 1 (moderate welfare), and 2 (poor welfare). In certain cases, only a 2-point scale was used: 0 (certain condition is present) or 2 (certain condition is absent). Appropriate behavior was assessed by scan sampling of positive and negative social behaviors based on qualitative behavior assessment and human-animal relationship tests. Modification of the body condition score into a 3-point scale revealed pigs with a moderate body condition (score 1). Moreover, additional criteria such as feed quality confirmed that farms had moderate (score 1) or poor feed quality (score 2), especially those farms located in a high relative humidity region. The developed protocol can be utilized to assess welfare status in an intensive pig farming system. Although further improvements are still needed, this study is a first step in developing a pig welfare assessment protocol that combines animal-, environment-, and management-based measures.
Anriansyah Renggaman; Hong L Choi; Sartika Ia Sudiarto; Laura Alasaarela; Ok S Nam. Development of pig welfare assessment protocol integrating animal-, environment-, and management-based measures. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2015, 57, 1 -11.
AMA StyleAnriansyah Renggaman, Hong L Choi, Sartika Ia Sudiarto, Laura Alasaarela, Ok S Nam. Development of pig welfare assessment protocol integrating animal-, environment-, and management-based measures. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 2015; 57 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnriansyah Renggaman; Hong L Choi; Sartika Ia Sudiarto; Laura Alasaarela; Ok S Nam. 2015. "Development of pig welfare assessment protocol integrating animal-, environment-, and management-based measures." Journal of Animal Science and Technology 57, no. 1: 1-11.
The ongoing availability of livestock waste presents an opportunity for its utilization as renewable energy resource through biological or thermochemical conversion. However, the conversion efficiency and the potential energy content of livestock waste needs to be estimated in order to design such a renewable energy production system. To address this, eight types of livestock waste were collected from each of 12 commercial farms from April to May 2009. The higher heating value (HHV), which represents the actual energy content, along with characteristics of livestock waste was determined. Moreover, equations for estimating HHV from proximate, ultimate, and chemical analysis were established by regression analysis. The developed equations were then validated using additional livestock waste data. The HHV of livestock waste was found to be in the range from 11.92 to 19.44 MJ/kg dry matter. The equation, HHV = 0.1970VM + 0.3955 represents the best-fit equations derived from proximate analysis with an Average absolute error (AAE) value of 9.17%. The equation, HHV = 0.1865CH + 0.2671PR + 0.2141F − 0.2151 is best-fit equation derived from chemical analysis with an AAE value of 5.31%. The equation derived in this study, HHV = 0.3198C + 0.0803O + 0.4704N − 1.4502S + 0.9364, was compared with ten recently published correlations based on ultimate analysis and showed better accuracy by having the lowest AAE values of 8.57%. All developed equations can be used to estimate HHV of various livestock waste with the exception of swine manure. The main reason for this limitation arises from the unique characteristics of pig manure in comparison to other livestock waste found in this study.
Hong L. Choi; Sartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto; Anriansyah Renggaman. Prediction of livestock manure and mixture higher heating value based on fundamental analysis. Fuel 2013, 116, 772 -780.
AMA StyleHong L. Choi, Sartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto, Anriansyah Renggaman. Prediction of livestock manure and mixture higher heating value based on fundamental analysis. Fuel. 2013; 116 ():772-780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong L. Choi; Sartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto; Anriansyah Renggaman. 2013. "Prediction of livestock manure and mixture higher heating value based on fundamental analysis." Fuel 116, no. : 772-780.
Correlations between environmental parameters (thermal range and noxious gas levels) and the status (productivity, physiological, and behavioral) of growing pigs were examined for the benefit of pig welfare and precision farming. The livestock experiment was conducted at a Seoul National University station in South Korea. Many variations were applied and the physiological and behavioral responses of the growing pigs were closely observed. Thermal and gas environment parameters were different during the summer and winter seasons, and the environments in the treatments were controlled in different manners. In the end, this study finds that factors such as Average Daily Gain (ADG), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), stress, posture, and eating habits were all affected by the controlled environmental parameters and that appropriate control of the foregoing could contribute to the improvement of precision farming and pig welfare.
Hong Lim Choi; Sang Hwa Han; Louis D. Albright; Won Kyung Chang. The Correlation between Thermal and Noxious Gas Environments, Pig Productivity and Behavioral Responses of Growing Pigs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011, 8, 3514 -3527.
AMA StyleHong Lim Choi, Sang Hwa Han, Louis D. Albright, Won Kyung Chang. The Correlation between Thermal and Noxious Gas Environments, Pig Productivity and Behavioral Responses of Growing Pigs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011; 8 (9):3514-3527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong Lim Choi; Sang Hwa Han; Louis D. Albright; Won Kyung Chang. 2011. "The Correlation between Thermal and Noxious Gas Environments, Pig Productivity and Behavioral Responses of Growing Pigs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, no. 9: 3514-3527.
This study was carried out to quantify the concentration and emission levels of key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – sulfides, indolics, phenolics and volatile fatty acids (VFA) – emitted from swine nursery house, and assess the effect of microclimate (including temperature, relative humidity and air speed) on the key odorous compounds. Samples were collected from the Experimental Farm of Seoul National University in Suwon, South Korea. And the collection took place for four seasons and the sampling time was fixed at 10:30 in the morning. The application of one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni t analyses revealed that, most of the odorous compound concentrations, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), indole, p-cresol and all the volatile fatty acids were lowest during the summer (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, negative correlations were observed between temperature and odorants, as well as air speed and odorants. A possible reason was that high ventilation transferred most of the odors out of the house during the summer. From the whole year data, non-linear multiple regressions were conducted and the equations were proposed depending upon the relationships between microclimate parameters and odorous compounds. The equations were applied in hope of easily calculating the concentrations of the odorous compounds in the commercial farms. The results obtained in this study should be used for reducing the volatile organic compounds by controlling microclimate parameters and also could be helpful in setting a guideline for good management practices in nursery house.
H.Q. Yao; H.L. Choi; K. Zhu; J.H. Lee. Key volatile organic compounds emitted from swine nursery house. Atmospheric Environment 2011, 45, 2577 -2584.
AMA StyleH.Q. Yao, H.L. Choi, K. Zhu, J.H. Lee. Key volatile organic compounds emitted from swine nursery house. Atmospheric Environment. 2011; 45 (15):2577-2584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH.Q. Yao; H.L. Choi; K. Zhu; J.H. Lee. 2011. "Key volatile organic compounds emitted from swine nursery house." Atmospheric Environment 45, no. 15: 2577-2584.
Slurry samples, collected from 41 commercial swine farms in South Korea, were characterized in various physico-biochemical, macro and micronutrients, heavy metals and microbial parameters. Interestingly, significant variations were observed in all the parameters. However, positive relationships were noticed between EC and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), specific gravity (SG), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), fixed solids (FS), total dissolved solids (TDS) at R2 = 0.91, 0.74, 0.69, 0.60, 0.50, 0.48, 0.55, and 0.52, respectively. Whereas phosphorous and other nutrients shown poor correlation. Escherichia coli and Salmonella were counted at an average of 5.04 log10 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL and 3.55 log10 most probable number (MPN)/mL, respectively. Equations for predicting nutrients content in swine slurries are presented with EC, because it is an easily determinable parameter. The data obtained in this study could be used as a guideline for Good Management Practices in South Korean swine farms as well as other countries.
Arumuganainar Suresh; H.L. Choi; D.I. Oh; O.K. Moon. Prediction of the nutrients value and biochemical characteristics of swine slurry by measurement of EC – Electrical conductivity. Bioresource Technology 2009, 100, 4683 -4689.
AMA StyleArumuganainar Suresh, H.L. Choi, D.I. Oh, O.K. Moon. Prediction of the nutrients value and biochemical characteristics of swine slurry by measurement of EC – Electrical conductivity. Bioresource Technology. 2009; 100 (20):4683-4689.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArumuganainar Suresh; H.L. Choi; D.I. Oh; O.K. Moon. 2009. "Prediction of the nutrients value and biochemical characteristics of swine slurry by measurement of EC – Electrical conductivity." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 20: 4683-4689.
Land application of the effluent of anaerobically digested pig slurry is becoming common practice in integrated crop and livestock farming. However, the loss of nutrients, in particular nitrogen and phosphorus, within the water bodies is still a main concern of this practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus losses in runoff and leachate for four application rates of anaerobically digested pig slurry (25.0, 70.1, 140.2, and 210.3 kg N ha−1) for Chinese cabbage grown in lysimeters. Simulated rainfall events, occurring one week after slurry application, were used to generate runoff. The yields of nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in runoff and leachate increased linearly or logarithmically with slurry application rates. A combination of long rainfall duration (90 minutes) and lower rainfall intensity (33.3 mm hr−1) induced higher nutrient concentrations in the runoff, but lowered the nitrogen concentration in the leachate. The application doses of anaerobically digested pig slurry before sowing, nutrient supplementation and fertilisation time management are the key factors in reducing nutrient contamination of water courses.
K. Zhu; H. L. Choi; H. Q. Yao; Arumuganainar Suresh; D. I. Oh. Effects of anaerobically digested pig slurry application on runoff and leachate. Chemistry and Ecology 2009, 25, 359 -369.
AMA StyleK. Zhu, H. L. Choi, H. Q. Yao, Arumuganainar Suresh, D. I. Oh. Effects of anaerobically digested pig slurry application on runoff and leachate. Chemistry and Ecology. 2009; 25 (5):359-369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Zhu; H. L. Choi; H. Q. Yao; Arumuganainar Suresh; D. I. Oh. 2009. "Effects of anaerobically digested pig slurry application on runoff and leachate." Chemistry and Ecology 25, no. 5: 359-369.