Background: Lifestyle medicine (LM) is a contemporary scientific discipline with a multidisciplinary approach. Case Management offers a viable alternative for the care of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to identify the role and clinical applications of the lifestyle medicine case manager nurse (LMCMN) for T2D patients internationally and to analyze the role of specialist nurses in Italy through a narrative review. A secondary objective was to define a job description (JD) for a future Delphi method. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and grey literature sources to analyze the international and Italian regulatory contexts. Subsequently, a JD for the LMCMN was developed for application in a future Delphi Study. Results: Nurses play a strategic role in managing T2D, and the LM approach has demonstrated strong evidence of effectiveness. This study developed a specific JD for the LMCMN suitable for both Italian and international contexts. Conclusions: The specific role of the LMCMN is still underdeveloped internationally. In the context of territorial assistance and chronic disease management, this professional is crucial for delivering quality care and shaping health policies that meet community needs.

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer. Despite the proven effectiveness of vaccination programs, global coverage remains uneven, with significant disparities across regions due to various socioeconomic, cultural, and political factors. This study explores the primary barriers to HPV vaccination worldwide and proposes recommendations to improve access to screening and vaccination programs. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing studies published in the past ten years from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, following the PRISMA methodology. Study selection involved multiple researchers, with discrepancies resolved through consultation. The quality of the included studies was assessed using CASP checklists. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (OSF). Results: Out of 2119 records, eight studies were included. The findings indicate that the main barriers to HPV vaccination include insufficient public awareness, cultural and religious resistance, financial constraints, and limited access in rural and underserved areas. Additionally, political factors, such as low prioritization of HPV vaccination and the absence of supportive policies, were identified as significant obstacles. Multidisciplinary and cross-cultural collaboration, along with the integration of HPV vaccination into existing health programs, was suggested as a strategic approach to improve vaccine uptake. Conclusions: Barriers to HPV vaccination, including limited awareness, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic factors, vary across regions but must be addressed to improve global coverage. Targeted interventions such as health education, inclusive policies, and culturally sensitive campaigns can significantly boost vaccine uptake. Strengthening local health systems and fostering international collaboration are key strategies to overcoming these barriers and ensuring equitable access to HPV vaccination.

Background: Plant-based diets are becoming more and more widespread among the Spanish population, progressively replacing the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Different studies have shown the motivations for adherence to these diets, and others have highlighted some health advantages and disadvantages. Purpose of the study: Further studies are needed to define the socio-demographic determinants that influence the choice of a plant-based diet and to study the relationship that the choice of dietary pattern has on the health and lifestyle habits of the population. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on the Spanish population. The NutSo-HH questionnaire, developed and validated by the research team, was used to gather socio-demographic, nutritional, social, and lifestyle information through non-probabilistic snowball sampling. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 22,181 Spanish citizens, of whom only 19,211 were of interest to the study. The socio-demographic variables gender, age, educational level, income level, and place of residence do not seem to influence the prevalence of a plant-based diet (n = 1638) compared to a Mediterranean diet (n = 17,573). People following a vegetarian or vegan diet have a lower BMI, and they consume less fried food, fast food, and ultra-processed dishes and fewer energy drinks or sugary beverages. They also do more exercise and sleep longer hours, smoke less, and consume alcohol less frequently. However, there seem to be more diagnosed eating disorders among people who follow a plant-based diet than those who follow a Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: People who adopt a plant-based diet tend to exhibit healthier lifestyle patterns and consume fewer foods that are detrimental to their health. However, it is essential for such dietary choices to be supervised by healthcare professionals to mitigate the risk of maladaptive behaviors evolving into eating disorders.

Background/Objectives: The Internet of Things (IoT) technology connects objects to the internet, and its applications are increasingly used in healthcare to improve the quality of care. However, the use of IoT for the nutritional management of patients with chronic neurological cognitive impairment is still in development. This scoping review aims to describe the integration of IoT and its applications to support monitoring, interventions, and nutritional education for patients with chronic neurological cognitive impairment. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Cochrane, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Results: Of the 1424 records identified, 10 were included in the review. Most of the articles were peer-reviewed proceedings from technology conferences or publications in scientific and technology journals. IoT-based innovations in nutritional management were discussed in methodological articles, case studies, or project descriptions. Innovations were identified across three key areas: monitoring, intervention, and education. Conclusions: IoT technology offers promising innovations for the nutritional management of patients with chronic neurological cognitive impairment. However, IoT capabilities in this field are still in the early stages of development and are not yet highly specific.

Dysgeusia, a common altered taste perception in CKD patients, results in reduced taste acuity, impaired salt detection, and a metallic taste sensation, leading to nutritional alterations. The study aims to identify available treatments for educating, screening, and clinically managing dysgeusia in this population. A scoping review was conducted following the protocol of Arksey and O'Malley, incorporating the JBI methodology, and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RS2A6). Among the 424 identified records, 13 studies were included. Screening methodologies included taste acuity tests, evaluation scales, and chemical tests integrated with cotton swab applicators and rinsing solutions. Furthermore, educational strategies, particularly a hospital-based program focusing on salt reduction, showed a significant improvement in dysgeusia (p < 0.001). The identified clinical treatments exclusively included oral zinc supplementation, with dosages ranging from 50 to 220 mg, reporting heterogeneous results not consistent across different studies. The personalized management of dysgeusia associated with CKD is crucial, requiring targeted education and treatment protocols to prevent and address nutritional complications such as malnutrition. The heterogeneity of results emphasizes the need for further high-quality research to produce robust scientific evidence.

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary healthcare, the imperative for advancing the frontiers of knowledge and improving patient outcomes necessitates a paradigm shift towards a multidisciplinary approach. This background great enhances a nurse's ability to interface with technology and create technical solutions such as robots, patient care devices, or computer simulation for patient care needs and nursing care delivery. This study aims to describe, through a narrative review of evidence, a methodology to develop and manager Nursing-Engineering interdisciplinary project, clarify the key points and facilitate professionals who are not very familiar with this topic. The methodology employed highlights the importance of this kind of research that allows to achieve highest standards of practice leading to improved patient care, innovative solutions and a global contribution to healthcare excellence.