Background/Objectives: The inflammatory response has evolved as a protective mechanism against pathogens and tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can occur, potentially leading to severe disease. Low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, and the Th1 cytokine profile plays an important role in this proinflammatory environment. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) can lead to persistent dysbiosis and maintain high concentrations of circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) over prolonged periods of time, resulting in metabolic endotoxemia. In this context, the study of natural immunomodulators has recently increased. Objective: The aim of this study is improve scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory role of L-Alliin in obesity and inflammation. Methods: In the present work, we describe the effect of L-Alliin on serum levels of cytokines in DIO mice after an acute inflammatory challenge. L-Alliin is the main organosulfurized molecule of garlic that has been studied for its numerous beneficial physiological effects in health and disease and is beginning to be considered a nutraceutical. Two situations are simulated in this experimental model, health and chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity, both of which are confronted with an acute, inflammation-inducing challenge. Results: Based on our findings, L-Alliin seems to somehow stimulate the cellular chemotaxis by eliciting the release of key molecules, including IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-9, and G-CSF. However, the molecular mechanism involved remains unknown. This, in turn, mitigates the risk of severe inflammatory symptoms by preventing the release of IL-1β and its downstream molecules such as IL-1α, GM-CSF, and RANTES. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that L-Alliin can boost immunity in healthy organisms and act as an immunomodulator in low-grade inflammation.

Background and Objectives: Non-viral bloodborne diseases are a group of infections that are a public health problem worldwide. The incidence of diseases such as brucellosis and syphilis is increasing in the Americas and Europe. Chagas disease is an endemic problem in Latin America, the United States and Europe. This study aims to determine the prevalence of non-viral bloodborne diseases in blood donors and to discuss some issues related to federal regulations for the control and prevention of these infectious diseases in Mexico. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Western National Medical Center Blood Bank, including 228,328 blood donors (2018–2023). Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for demographic data. Prevalences were expressed as rates per 100,000 with 95% CI. Results: Of 3949 seroreactive or undetermined blood donors at the first screening, a total of 682 (0.299%) completed their follow-up test and were positive for Treponema pallidum (478), Trypanosoma cruzi (83), or Brucella spp. (121). The overall prevalence for non-viral bloodborne diseases was 299 per 100,000 blood donors. The prevalence for syphilis, Chagas disease, and Brucella was 209, 36, and 53 per 100,000 respectively. Conclusion: Federal regulations should be reviewed to formulate specific public health policies focused on controlling and preventing nonviral bloodborne diseases.