With further development of LiDAR technology wake measurements by use of LiDAR became of common interest in the wind energy community. To study new measurement strategies of scanning and nacelle LiDARs, in combination with already existing measurement principles of static LiDARs, Norcowe conducted in collaboration with the Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) the Wind Turbine Wake Experiment Wieringermeer (WINTWEX-W). In this study we use data from the static Windcubes V1 to illustrate a proof of concept of wake effects at 1.75 and 3.25 rotor diameter downstream distance. After validating Windcube data against sonic anemometers from the met mast, we compare downstream velocity deficits and turbulence intensities between measurements of static and scanning WindCubes. To further characterize single wind turbine wakes and their frequencies of occurrence we analysed the results in terms of atmospheric stability. Wake measurements are of great importance to further developing tools for optimising wind farm layouts and operations

The rapid growth of marine industries has emphasized the focus on environmental impacts for all industries, as well as the influence of key environmental parameters on, for instance, offshore wind or aquaculture performance, animal welfare and structural integrity of different constructions. Development of automatized sensors together with efficient communication and information systems will enhance surveillance and monitoring of environmental processes and impact. We have developed a modular Smart Ocean observatory, in this case connected to a large-scale marine aquaculture research facility. The first sensor rigs have been operational since May 2022, transmitting environmental data in near real-time. Key components are Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) for measuring directional wave and current parameters, and CTDs for redundant measurement of depth, temperature, conductivity and oxygen. Communication is through 4G network or cable. However, a key purpose of the observatory is also to facilitate experiments with acoustic wireless underwater communication, which are ongoing. The aim is to expand the system(s) with demersal independent sensor nodes communicating through an “Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT)”, covering larger areas in the coastal zone, as well as open waters, of benefit to all ocean industries. The observatory also hosts experiments for sensor development, biofouling control and strategies for sensor self-validation and diagnostics. The close interactions between the experiments and the infrastructure development allow a holistic approach towards environmental monitoring across sectors and industries, plus to reduce the carbon footprint of ocean observation. This work is intended to lay a basis for sophisticated use of smart sensors with communication systems in long-term autonomous operation in remote as well as nearshore locations.

With the rapid development of smart sensor technology and the Internet of things, ensuring data accuracy and system reliability is paramount. As the number of sensors increases with demand for high-resolution, high-quality input to decision-making systems, models and digital twins, manual quality control of sensor data is no longer an option. In this paper, we leverage insights into sensor technology, environmental dynamics and the correlation between data from different sensors for automatic diagnostics of a sensor node. We propose a method for combining results of automatic quality control of individual sensors with tests for detecting simultaneous anomalies across sensors. Building on both sensor and application knowledge, we develop a diagnostic logic that can automatically explain and diagnose instead of just labeling the individual sensor data as “good” or “bad”. This approach enables us to provide diagnostics that offer a deeper understanding of the data and their quality and of the health and reliability of the measurement system. Our algorithms are adapted for real time and in situ operation on the sensor node. We demonstrate the diagnostic power of the algorithms on high-resolution measurements of temperature and conductivity from the OBSEA observatory about 50 km south of Barcelona, Spain.