Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in various physical and cognitive features. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the dental and craniofacial morphology of individuals with DS using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods: Six individuals with DS, comprising five males and one female aged 17 to 35 years, underwent CBCT scanning. Radiographic assessments included dentition, occlusion, paranasal sinuses, airway, skull bones, and suture calcification. Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were performed, and airway analysis was conducted using Dolphin 3D imaging software v.11. Results: The study revealed prognathic maxilla in five patients, prognathic mandible in four, and bimaxillary protrusion in two. Dental findings included microdontia, enamel hypoplasia, and congenitally missing teeth, with maxillary and mandibular third molars most commonly absent. Sinus abnormalities, delayed suture closure, and cervical spine anomalies were also observed. Conclusion: These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of DS-related craniofacial characteristics and emphasize the importance of considering these morphometric features in clinical management strategies for individuals with DS. This study’s limited sample size underscores the significance of radiographic assessment in planning interventions such as cosmetic reconstructions, prosthetic rehabilitation, or orthodontic treatment for individuals with DS.

Clefts of the lip or palate (CLPs) are the most common craniofacial birth defect, with a worldwide incidence of ~1 in 700 live births. The objective of this study is to assess the characteristics of the nasopharyngeal airway in growing vs. non-growing cleft lip/palate subjects and compare them with normal subjects. This retrospective study analyzed eighty-seven scans of three groups from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were coded and landmarks were identified using a Dolphin three-dimensional (3D) imaging software server (version 11.7; Patterson Dental Supply, Chatsworth, Calif). All values showed strong measurement reliability (>80), except for the nasopharynx measurement. Regarding gender difference, for the nasopharynx, female subjects (1261.32 ± 713.94) showed the lowest significant values in non-growing unilateral compared to males (6496.8 ± 2987) at p = 0.008. For oropharynx, in the growing bilateral cleft group, male subjects (13,046.79 ± 5521.89) showed a significant difference (p = 0.046) compared to females (8468.98 ± 4279.99). MP-SN, B, A, SNA., SN.B., and ANS-ME showed significant differences for cephalometric parameters (p < 0.05). Despite significant differences in linear and angular measurements, volumetric airway measurements showed no significant differences in the growing groups. For non-growing cleft subjects, the cleft anomaly significantly affected the nasal cavity and left maxillary sinus volumes.

Background: Morphological differences in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are crucial for the treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). This study aims to evaluate and compare the TMJ parameters in patients with unilateral and bilateral CLP across growing and non-growing age groups using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT records from 57 patients (23 males and 34 females) aged 6–50 years with a diagnosed unilateral or bilateral CLP were analyzed. Patients were categorized into four groups: growing unilateral (UGCLP), growing bilateral (BGCLP), non-growing unilateral (UNGCLP), and non-growing bilateral (BNGCLP). Measurements of TMJ parameters, including the mandibular fossa, articular eminence inclination, joint spaces, and roof thickness of the glenoid fossa, were conducted using CBCT images. Results: Significant differences were observed in the anterior joint space (AJS) and the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF) between growing and non-growing unilateral cleft patients. Additionally, significant discrepancies were found in the articular eminence angle when comparing the cleft and non-cleft sides within the unilateral growing group. No significant differences were observed in TMJ parameters between the right and left sides among bilateral cleft patients. Conclusions: The study highlights distinct TMJ morphological differences between growing and non-growing patients with CLP, emphasizing the importance of age-specific considerations in the treatment planning and growth monitoring of these patients.

Background: Social media (SoMe) is increasingly used in dentistry for patient education, professional networking, and career development, yet formal curricula on its use and digital literacy remain limited in dental specialty programs. Aim: This scoping review the existing literature on SoMe use in dentistry and identify gaps in curricular implementation and policy development for curricular integration in dental specialty training. Methods: Following PRISMA- ScR guidelines, a systematic literature search of PubMed and Scopus for studies published between 2009 and 2024 were searched. Two reviewers identified 2,952 articles, of which 531 met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed to identify publication trends, thematic areas, and key findings related to SoMe in dentistry. Results: Research output grew substantially (412%) between 2015 and 2024. YouTube was the most studied platform (41%), followed by X/Twitter (27%), Instagram (19%), and Facebook (13%). Research involving dental professionals (54%) emphasized continuing education and networking, while patient-focused studies (43%) addressed oral health promotion, misinformation, and treatment decision-making. Only 7% evaluated formal SoMe curricula. Reported challenges, privacy breaches (38%), unprofessional conduct (32%), and misinformation (29%), highlights the need for structured educational content during dental specialty training. Conclusion: SoMe changed the dynamics of clinical dental practice; however, concerns persist regarding digital literacy and professionalism. Evidence on the structured integration of SoMe into dental specialty curricula remains limited, highlighting the need for educational initiatives to promote ethical digital engagement and oral health communication.

Background. Dental arch length, width, and perimeter was important keys for Diagnosis and treatment of orthodontic cases. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can provide precise measurements of arch width and tooth dimension. Aim of our study is to find the reliability of Paulino et al’s and Vaishnav et al’s regression equations and to investigate the arch length prediction from inter-canine arch width in samples of Egyptian population based on CBCT software measurements in both upper and lower arch and in both genders . Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 60 patients who visited the department of oral and maxillofacial radiology department, Fayoum University for dental treatments. The study sample were grouped into two groups, group A and group B aged between 18-25 years old. CBCT examination was performed for all patients. Upper and lower arches were selected for linear measurements using CBCT and a regression equation was used to predict the arch length based on ICW measurements and correlate it to actual linear measured arch length from CBCT samples of male and female groups Results: There was a highly significant difference at p-value (0.01) between Male, and Female for ICW,and AL in both mandible and maxilla, for the benefit of the male sample. There was statistically significant difference of predicted Al using two regression equations formula Conclusion: The regression equation formulae was not reliable to predict arch lengths ,so we developed a new regression equation for Egyptian population in maxillary and mandibular arch for male and female.

Introduction: Digital dentistry has transformed modern practice through CAD/CAM, intraoral scanners, and AI technologies, while robotic surgery and smart implants further enhance precision and clinical outcomes. The aim of this article is to evaluate the evolution and impact of digital dental technologies, with particular emphasis on robotic-assisted implantology and smart implant design. Methods: This study presents a narrative review of peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published in the past five years, identified through MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: Robotic-assisted implant placement improves accuracy by up to 98.2%, reduces surgical errors, and shortens operative time. Smart implants promote osseointegration and lower the risk of peri-implantitis through bioelectric stimulation. In addition, digital workflows enhance diagnostic precision and shorten treatment turnaround times. Discussion: Robotic-assisted implantology and smart implant design are Robotic-assisted implantology and smart implant design are reshaping precision and longevity in modern dental practice. Robotic systems enhance surgical accuracy, reduce procedural errors, and support patient-specific planning, particularly in complex implant cases. At the same time, bioelectric smart implants actively promote tissue regeneration and help mitigate peri-implantitis, marking a shift from passive to responsive implantology. Together, these technologies point toward a transformative future for digital dentistry, although challenges related to cost, training, and regulatory validation remain critical for broader implementation. Conclusion: Advancements in digital dentistry, particularly robotics and smart implants, are transforming clinical practice by improving precision and patient outcomes. Broader integration, however, will require overcoming current limitations related to cost, accessibility, and regulatory frameworks, supported by ongoing research and professional development.