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This study was focused on child-dedicated chocolate food products that contain a plastic package with a small toy inside (also known as chocolate eggs). Three types of these products that are commercially available on the Polish market, with different prices, chocolate composition, and main types of polymers used in the toy manufacturing process, were investigated. First, to fully characterise the studied polymer samples, the main types of material in the studied toys and their packaging were identified using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Next, the emissions of selected toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of toy and packaging samples were identified using stationary emission micro-chamber. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emissions were also estimated. Moreover, the content of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as bioaccumulative semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) was checked in all parts of the cheapest product. The highest PBDE concentrations, which ranged from 5.32±0.79 to 1768±289 ng/g, were recorded in chocolate samples. This demonstrates the need for consumer knowledge on the safety of such products available on the Polish market to be broadened. This is one of the many examples of studies showing that products sold on the European market do not always comply with the CE declaration of conformity. Furthermore, the presence of phased-out PBDEs in toys may provide evidence of wrong recycling practices. Forward-looking considerations showed that, based on assessments of the hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk of BDE-209 (CRBDE-209) and assuming each child has contact with one toy and eats one of the studied chocolate products per day, there is no high risk associated with the exposure of children to PBDEs.
Monika Śmiełowska; Mariusz Marć; Bożena Zabiegała. Small polymeric toys placed in child-dedicated chocolate food products - do they contain harmful chemicals? Examination of quality by example of selected VOCs and SVOCs. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMonika Śmiełowska, Mariusz Marć, Bożena Zabiegała. Small polymeric toys placed in child-dedicated chocolate food products - do they contain harmful chemicals? Examination of quality by example of selected VOCs and SVOCs. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Śmiełowska; Mariusz Marć; Bożena Zabiegała. 2021. "Small polymeric toys placed in child-dedicated chocolate food products - do they contain harmful chemicals? Examination of quality by example of selected VOCs and SVOCs." , no. : 1.
Amygdalin (d-Mandelonitrile 6-O-β-d-glucosido-β-d-glucoside) is a natural cyanogenic glycoside occurring in the seeds of some edible plants, such as bitter almonds and peaches. It is a medically interesting but controversial compound as it has anticancer activity on one hand and can be toxic via enzymatic degradation and production of hydrogen cyanide on the other hand. Despite numerous contributions on cancer cell lines, the clinical evidence for the anticancer activity of amygdalin is not fully confirmed. Moreover, high dose exposures to amygdalin can produce cyanide toxicity. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on the sources, toxicity and anticancer properties of amygdalin, and analytical methods for its determination in plant seeds.
Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke; Żaneta Polkowska; Marek Koprowski; Krzysztof Owsianik; Alyson Mitchell; Piotr Bałczewski. Amygdalin: Toxicity, Anticancer Activity and Analytical Procedures for Its Determination in Plant Seeds. Molecules 2021, 26, 2253 .
AMA StyleEwa Jaszczak-Wilke, Żaneta Polkowska, Marek Koprowski, Krzysztof Owsianik, Alyson Mitchell, Piotr Bałczewski. Amygdalin: Toxicity, Anticancer Activity and Analytical Procedures for Its Determination in Plant Seeds. Molecules. 2021; 26 (8):2253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Jaszczak-Wilke; Żaneta Polkowska; Marek Koprowski; Krzysztof Owsianik; Alyson Mitchell; Piotr Bałczewski. 2021. "Amygdalin: Toxicity, Anticancer Activity and Analytical Procedures for Its Determination in Plant Seeds." Molecules 26, no. 8: 2253.
A chemometric evaluation of the information provided by different color scale fingerprints in thin layer chromatographic analysis of complex samples is proposed for the correct classification of a set of medicinal plant extracts. The fingerprints of the samples were acquired on HPTLC Silica gel 60 F254 and HPTLC Silica gel 60 plates using multiple levels of visualization under UV light. Images processing on red (R), green (G), blue (B) and respectively grey (K) color scale selection was used in order to evaluate the complete chromatographic profile of the extracts. Combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA) method was applied in order to reveal the individual contribution of each color scales in the analysis of chromatographic fingerprints. The suggested technique provides an applicable strategy to screen for efficacy-associated color scale for grouping/classification of the extracts exploiting the information provided by HPTLC fingerprints. The principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) method was applied for the evaluation of numerical data provided by color scale fingerprints digitization and for samples classification. A correct classification of the analyzed extracts according to the plants phylum was revealed by color scale fingerprints analysis. The proposed methodology could be considered as a promising tool with future applications in plant material investigations even from the taxonomic perspective classification.
Ileana Maria Simion; Dorina Casoni; Costel Sârbu. Multivariate color scale image analysis – Thin layer chromatography for comprehensive evaluation of complex samples fingerprint. Journal of Chromatography B 2021, 1170, 122590 .
AMA StyleIleana Maria Simion, Dorina Casoni, Costel Sârbu. Multivariate color scale image analysis – Thin layer chromatography for comprehensive evaluation of complex samples fingerprint. Journal of Chromatography B. 2021; 1170 ():122590.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIleana Maria Simion; Dorina Casoni; Costel Sârbu. 2021. "Multivariate color scale image analysis – Thin layer chromatography for comprehensive evaluation of complex samples fingerprint." Journal of Chromatography B 1170, no. : 122590.
Cyanobacteria play an important role in several ecological environments, and they are widely accepted to be the ancestors of chloroplasts in modern plants and green algae. Cyanobacteria have become attractive models for metabolic engineering, with the goal of exploring them as microbial cell factories. However, the study of cyanobacterial lipids’ composition and variation, and the assessment of the lipids’ functional and structural roles have been largely overlooked. Here, we aimed at expanding the cyanobacterial lipidomic analytical pipeline by using an untargeted lipidomics approach. Thus, the lipid composition variation of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was investigated in response to both alternative cultivation setups and gene deletion. This approach allowed for detecting differences in total lipid content, alterations in fatty-acid unsaturation level, and adjustments of specific lipid species among the identified lipid classes. The employed method also revealed that the cultivation setup tested in this work induced a deeper alteration of the cyanobacterial cell lipidome than the deletion of a gene that results in a dramatic increase in the release of lipid-rich outer membrane vesicles. This study further highlights how growth conditions must be carefully selected when cyanobacteria are to be engineered and/or scaled-up for lipid or fatty acids production.
Weronika Hewelt-Belka; Ágata Kot-Wasik; Paula Tamagnini; Paulo Oliveira. Untargeted Lipidomics Analysis of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Lipid Composition Variation in Response to Alternative Cultivation Setups and to Gene Deletion. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 8883 .
AMA StyleWeronika Hewelt-Belka, Ágata Kot-Wasik, Paula Tamagnini, Paulo Oliveira. Untargeted Lipidomics Analysis of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Lipid Composition Variation in Response to Alternative Cultivation Setups and to Gene Deletion. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (23):8883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeronika Hewelt-Belka; Ágata Kot-Wasik; Paula Tamagnini; Paulo Oliveira. 2020. "Untargeted Lipidomics Analysis of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Lipid Composition Variation in Response to Alternative Cultivation Setups and to Gene Deletion." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23: 8883.
Wine data are usually characterized by high variability, in terms of compounds and concentration ranges. Chemometric methods can be efficiently used to extract and exploit the meaningful information contained in such data. Therefore, the fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering (FDHAC) method was efficiently applied in this study, for the classification of several varieties of Romanian white wines, using the elemental profile (concentrations of 30 elements analyzed by ICP-MS). The investigated wines were produced in four different geographical areas of Romania (Transylvania, Moldova, Muntenia and Oltenia). The FDHAC algorithm provided not only a fuzzy partition of the investigated white wines, but also a fuzzy partition of considered characteristics. Furthermore, this method is unique because it allows a 3D bi-plot representation of membership degrees corresponding to wine samples and elements. In this way, it was possible to identify the most specific elements (in terms of highest, smallest or intermediate concentration values) to each fuzzy partition (group) of wine samples. The chemical elements that appeared to be more powerful for the differentiation of the wines produced in different Romanian areas were: K, Rb, P, Ca, B, Na.
Ioana Feher; Dana Alina Magdas; Cezara Voica; Gabriela Cristea; Costel Sârbu. Fuzzy Divisive Hierarchical Associative-Clustering Applied to Different Varieties of White Wines According to Their Multi-Elemental Profiles. Molecules 2020, 25, 4955 .
AMA StyleIoana Feher, Dana Alina Magdas, Cezara Voica, Gabriela Cristea, Costel Sârbu. Fuzzy Divisive Hierarchical Associative-Clustering Applied to Different Varieties of White Wines According to Their Multi-Elemental Profiles. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):4955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoana Feher; Dana Alina Magdas; Cezara Voica; Gabriela Cristea; Costel Sârbu. 2020. "Fuzzy Divisive Hierarchical Associative-Clustering Applied to Different Varieties of White Wines According to Their Multi-Elemental Profiles." Molecules 25, no. 21: 4955.
The present study describes a simple procedure to separate into patterns of similarity a large group of solvents, 259 in total, presented by 15 specific descriptors (experimentally found and theoretically predicted physicochemical parameters). Solvent data is usually characterized by its high variability, different molecular symmetry, and spatial orientation. Methods of chemometrics can usefully be used to extract and explore accurately the information contained in such data. In this order, advanced fuzzy divisive hierarchical-clustering methods were efficiently applied in the present study of a large group of solvents using specific descriptors. The fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering algorithm provides not only a fuzzy partition of the solvents investigated, but also a fuzzy partition of descriptors considered. In this way, it is possible to identify the most specific descriptors (in terms of higher, smallest, or intermediate values) to each fuzzy partition (group) of solvents. Additionally, the partitioning performed could be interpreted with respect to the molecular symmetry. The chemometric approach used for this goal is fuzzy c-means method being a semi-supervised clustering procedure. The advantage of such a clustering process is the opportunity to achieve separation of the solvents into similarity patterns with a certain degree of membership of each solvent to a certain pattern, as well as to consider possible membership of the same object (solvent) in another cluster. Partitioning based on a hybrid approach of the theoretical molecular descriptors and experimentally obtained ones permits a more straightforward separation into groups of similarity and acceptable interpretation. It was shown that an important link between objects’ groups of similarity and similarity groups of variables is achieved. Ten classes of solvents are interpreted depending on their specific descriptors, as one of the classes includes a single object and could be interpreted as an outlier. Setting the results of this research into broader perspective, it has been shown that the fuzzy clustering approach provides a useful tool for partitioning by the variables related to the main physicochemical properties of the solvents. It gets possible to offer a simple guide for solvents recognition based on theoretically calculated or experimentally found descriptors related to the physicochemical properties of the solvents.
Miroslava Nedyalkova; Costel Sarbu; Marek Tobiszewski; Vasil Simeonov. Fuzzy Divisive Hierarchical Clustering of Solvents According to Their Experimentally and Theoretically Predicted Descriptors. Symmetry 2020, 12, 1763 .
AMA StyleMiroslava Nedyalkova, Costel Sarbu, Marek Tobiszewski, Vasil Simeonov. Fuzzy Divisive Hierarchical Clustering of Solvents According to Their Experimentally and Theoretically Predicted Descriptors. Symmetry. 2020; 12 (11):1763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiroslava Nedyalkova; Costel Sarbu; Marek Tobiszewski; Vasil Simeonov. 2020. "Fuzzy Divisive Hierarchical Clustering of Solvents According to Their Experimentally and Theoretically Predicted Descriptors." Symmetry 12, no. 11: 1763.
We describe a concept study in which the changes of concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and styrene within a 3D printer enclosure during printing with different acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments were monitored in real-time using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer and an electronic nose. The quantitative data on the concentration of the BTEX compounds, in particular the concentration of carcinogenic benzene, were then used as reference values for assessing the applicability of an array of low-cost electrochemical sensors in monitoring the exposure of the users of consumer-grade fused deposition modelling 3D printers to potentially harmful volatiles. Using multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning, it was possible to determine whether a set threshold limit value for the concentration of BTEX was exceeded with a 0.96 classification accuracy and within a timeframe of 5 min based on the responses of the chemical sensors.
Wojciech Wojnowski; Kaja Kalinowska; Jacek Gębicki; Bożena Zabiegała. Monitoring the BTEX Volatiles during 3D Printing with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Using Electronic Nose and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry. Sensors 2020, 20, 5531 .
AMA StyleWojciech Wojnowski, Kaja Kalinowska, Jacek Gębicki, Bożena Zabiegała. Monitoring the BTEX Volatiles during 3D Printing with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Using Electronic Nose and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry. Sensors. 2020; 20 (19):5531.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Wojnowski; Kaja Kalinowska; Jacek Gębicki; Bożena Zabiegała. 2020. "Monitoring the BTEX Volatiles during 3D Printing with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Using Electronic Nose and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry." Sensors 20, no. 19: 5531.
High quality extra virgin olive oils represent an optimal source of nutraceuticals. The European Union (EU) is the world’s leading olive oil producer, with the Mediterranean region as the main contributor. This makes the EU the greatest exporter and consumer of olive oil in the world. However, small olive oil producers also contribute to olive oil production. Beneficial effects on human health of extra virgin olive oil are well known, and these can be correlated to the presence of vitamin E and phenols. Together with the origin of the olives, extraction technology can influence the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of potentially bioactive compounds in Italian extra virgin olive oils from various sources. For this purpose, vitamin E and phenolic fractions were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence, photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection in fifty samples of oil pressed at industrial plants and sixty-six samples of oil produced in low-scale mills. Multivariate statistical data analysis was used to determine the applicability of selected phenolic compounds as potential quality indicators of extra virgin olive oils.
Anna Różańska; Marina Russo; Francesco Cacciola; Fabio Salafia; Żaneta Polkowska; Paola Dugo; Luigi Mondello. Concentration of Potentially Bioactive Compounds in Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Various Sources by Using LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Foods 2020, 9, 1120 .
AMA StyleAnna Różańska, Marina Russo, Francesco Cacciola, Fabio Salafia, Żaneta Polkowska, Paola Dugo, Luigi Mondello. Concentration of Potentially Bioactive Compounds in Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Various Sources by Using LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Foods. 2020; 9 (8):1120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Różańska; Marina Russo; Francesco Cacciola; Fabio Salafia; Żaneta Polkowska; Paola Dugo; Luigi Mondello. 2020. "Concentration of Potentially Bioactive Compounds in Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Various Sources by Using LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis." Foods 9, no. 8: 1120.
The Arctic marine ecosystem can be altered by processes of natural and anthropogenic origin. Spatio-temporal variation in species exposure to contamination is still poorly understood. Here, we studied elemental concentrations in the non-lethally collected samples from the most numerous seabird in European Arctic, the little auk (Alle alle) nesting in one breeding colony in Svalbard. This seabird spent the breeding season in the high-Arctic zone and the non-breeding period in sub-Arctic areas what may implicate spatio-temporal variation in elements bioaccumulation. We determined concentrations of 19 elements in adults feathers to determine levels of exposure during part of the pre-breeding (n = 74) and post-breeding (n = 74) seasons, feathers from nestlings (n = 18) to determine local contamination, and chick down (n = 16) and post-hatching eggshells (n = 18) to determine maternal input to offspring. During the pre-breeding period adults accumulated in their feathers significantly more Hg (one third of feathers exceeded the established toxicity threshold), Se and Mn compared to the post-breeding period. It reflects a higher exposition of birds to contaminants in pre-breeding moult areas outside the High Arctic compared to the post-breeding moult in the High Arctic. Sex differences in adult feathers representing the post-breeding period were found only for Ca and Zn with higher values in females. Chick down was characterized by high levels of several essential elements, an intermediate level of Hg and Se, and the highest Se:Hg molar ratios of all groups. Chick body feathers had the highest level of Cu and K among all the studied groups. Post-hatching eggshells were characterized by high Sr level (exceeding 2000 μg/g). Concentrations of several non-essential elements (Bi, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb) in them were below method detection limits.
Aneta Dorota Pacyna-Kuchta; Dariusz Jakubas; Marcin Frankowski; Żaneta Polkowska; Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas. Exposure of a small Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle) breeding in Svalbard, to selected elements throughout the course of a year. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 732, 139103 .
AMA StyleAneta Dorota Pacyna-Kuchta, Dariusz Jakubas, Marcin Frankowski, Żaneta Polkowska, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas. Exposure of a small Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle) breeding in Svalbard, to selected elements throughout the course of a year. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 732 ():139103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneta Dorota Pacyna-Kuchta; Dariusz Jakubas; Marcin Frankowski; Żaneta Polkowska; Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas. 2020. "Exposure of a small Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle) breeding in Svalbard, to selected elements throughout the course of a year." Science of The Total Environment 732, no. : 139103.
In this report, we present a detailed comparison of the lipid composition of human milk (HM) and formula milk (FM) targeting different lactation stages and infant age range. We studied HM samples collected from 26 Polish mothers from colostrum to 19 months of lactation, along with FM from seven brands available on the Polish market (infant formula, follow-on formula and growing-up formula). Lipid extracts were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–Q-TOF–MS). We found that the lipid composition of FM deviates significantly from the HM lipid profile in terms of qualitative and quantitative differences. FM had contrasting lipid profiles mostly across brands and accordingly to the type of fat added but not specific to the target age range. The individual differences were dominant in HM; however, differences according to the lactation stage were also observed, especially between colostrum and HM collected in other lactation stages. Biologically and nutritionally important lipids, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) containing lipid species, sphingomyelines or ether analogues of glycerophosphoethanoloamines were detected in HM collected in all studied lactation stages. The observed differences concerned all the major HM lipid classes and highlight the importance of the detailed compositional studies of both HM and FM.
Weronika Hewelt-Belka; Dorota Garwolińska; Michał Młynarczyk; Agata Kot-Wasik. Comparative Lipidomic Study of Human Milk from Different Lactation Stages and Milk Formulas. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2165 .
AMA StyleWeronika Hewelt-Belka, Dorota Garwolińska, Michał Młynarczyk, Agata Kot-Wasik. Comparative Lipidomic Study of Human Milk from Different Lactation Stages and Milk Formulas. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (7):2165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeronika Hewelt-Belka; Dorota Garwolińska; Michał Młynarczyk; Agata Kot-Wasik. 2020. "Comparative Lipidomic Study of Human Milk from Different Lactation Stages and Milk Formulas." Nutrients 12, no. 7: 2165.
In the presented study, an overall Jaffa sweetie evaluation was made to find a correlation between Citrus grandis Osbeck × Citrus paradisi Macf. and its parent fruits’ (Citrus grandis Osbeck, Citrus paradisi Macf.) properties. Based on the sensory analysis, it was found that the taste and aroma of the new hybrid fruit are close to pummelo. By the use of chromatographic analysis, the selected monoterpenes present in the fruits were quantified. α-terpineol was typed as the main monoterpene compound in the headspace of sweetie and grapefruit, with the concentrations: 20.96 and 87.9 μg/g, respectively. In turn, γ-terpinene was chosen as the most important monoterpene determining the flavor of sweetie fruit. Based on two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-TOF-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA) of the data, several volatile compounds were associated with analyzed fruits’ aroma. Jaffa Sweetie is the hybrid fruit with sensory properties similar to pummelo with a higher content of monoterpenes, which improves its health benefits compared to the parent fruit. The research presents an instrumental method for assessing the aroma properties of the fruit as a reference method for sensory analysis, commonly used in the industry.
Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł; Żaneta Polkowska; Tomasz Dymerski; And Shela Gorinstein. Comparison of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Hybrid Citrus Fruit Jaffa® Sweetie in Relation to the Parent Fruits. Molecules 2020, 25, 1 .
AMA StyleMartyna Lubinska-Szczygeł, Żaneta Polkowska, Tomasz Dymerski, And Shela Gorinstein. Comparison of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Hybrid Citrus Fruit Jaffa® Sweetie in Relation to the Parent Fruits. Molecules. 2020; 25 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartyna Lubinska-Szczygeł; Żaneta Polkowska; Tomasz Dymerski; And Shela Gorinstein. 2020. "Comparison of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Hybrid Citrus Fruit Jaffa® Sweetie in Relation to the Parent Fruits." Molecules 25, no. 12: 1.
Advanced chemometric methods, such as fuzzy c-means (FCM), a fuzzy divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm (FDHC), and fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering (FDHAC), have been successfully applied in this study.
Ileana M. Simion; Augustin-C. Moţ; Costel Sârbu. Finding specific peaks (markers) using fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering based on the chromatographic profiles of medicinal plant extracts obtained at various detection wavelengths. Analytical Methods 2020, 12, 3260 -3267.
AMA StyleIleana M. Simion, Augustin-C. Moţ, Costel Sârbu. Finding specific peaks (markers) using fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering based on the chromatographic profiles of medicinal plant extracts obtained at various detection wavelengths. Analytical Methods. 2020; 12 (25):3260-3267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIleana M. Simion; Augustin-C. Moţ; Costel Sârbu. 2020. "Finding specific peaks (markers) using fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering based on the chromatographic profiles of medicinal plant extracts obtained at various detection wavelengths." Analytical Methods 12, no. 25: 3260-3267.
We review information on the concentration levels of organochlorine pesticides in the abiotic aquatic environment (in seawater, sea ice, surface freshwater, snow, firn, and glacial ice) and the organisms inhabiting those, in Antarctica. Particular attention is given to the environmental fate of these pollutants, which modifies their impact on the organisms living in the Antarctic. OCPs have been delivered to the Antarctic environment mainly via long-range transport from inhabited areas, and due to their long accumulation they are sometimes reemitted from melting cryosphere. Since climate change is forecasted to intensify, the release of anthropogenic pollutants from increased seasonal thaw may prove its importance for the future state of this unspoiled environment. However, the limited estimations of the OCPs storage magnitude in the Antarctic cryosphere are relatively crude and may err significantly towards higher values. The OCPs are already present in different types of animal tissues at every trophic level, where they may cause negative effects such as reproductive disorders, decreased survival rates, and an increased parasitic load. Therefore, it is important to continuously monitor OCP concentrations in various elements of the Antarctic environment and the fate of these pollutants, taking into account their global and local sources, including the remobilization from frozen state.
Joanna Potapowicz; Dimitra Lambropoulou; Christina Nannou; Krystyna Kozioł; Żaneta Polkowska. Occurrences, sources, and transport of organochlorine pesticides in the aquatic environment of Antarctica. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 735, 139475 .
AMA StyleJoanna Potapowicz, Dimitra Lambropoulou, Christina Nannou, Krystyna Kozioł, Żaneta Polkowska. Occurrences, sources, and transport of organochlorine pesticides in the aquatic environment of Antarctica. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 735 ():139475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Potapowicz; Dimitra Lambropoulou; Christina Nannou; Krystyna Kozioł; Żaneta Polkowska. 2020. "Occurrences, sources, and transport of organochlorine pesticides in the aquatic environment of Antarctica." Science of The Total Environment 735, no. : 139475.
Terpenes are VOCs of particular importance, since they are emitted from a wide range of indoor sources and are considered to be precursors of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation. It has been proven that SOA particles, especially nanosized ones, pose a threat to human health. In this research, experiments with the application of an environmental chamber and real-time measurement techniques were carried out to investigate in a complimentary way the formation of monoterpene oxidation products and nanosized SOA particles initiated by monoterpene ozonolysis. Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry with a Time-Of-Flight analyzer (PTR-TOF-MS) and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) were applied to determine in real time the dynamism of the formation of the corresponding terpene ozonolysis products and submicron SOA particles. Results proved that firstly, oxidation products were formed, and then, they underwent nucleation and condensation, forming particles whose diameters grew with time. The oxidation products formed were different depending on the type of terpenes applied. The comparison of the results obtained during the experiments with gaseous standard mixtures and real samples commonly present and used in indoor air revealed that the diversified chemical composition of the emission source had implications for both the particle formation initiated by the oxidation of essential oil components and the chemical reactions occurring via the oxidation process. With the instrumentation utilized, the concentration changes at the level of a few ppbv could be monitored.
Klaudia Pytel; Renata Marcinkowska; Bożena Zabiegała. Investigation of the Dynamism of Nanosized SOA Particle Formation in Indoor Air by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020, 25, 2202 .
AMA StyleKlaudia Pytel, Renata Marcinkowska, Bożena Zabiegała. Investigation of the Dynamism of Nanosized SOA Particle Formation in Indoor Air by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2020; 25 (9):2202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlaudia Pytel; Renata Marcinkowska; Bożena Zabiegała. 2020. "Investigation of the Dynamism of Nanosized SOA Particle Formation in Indoor Air by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 9: 2202.
The paper presents results of research on emission profile of butan-2-one oxime (methyl ethyl ketoxime, MEKO) released from two types of commercially available neutral silicone sealants: silicone type ‘S’ and silicone type ‘T’. To determine the emissions from silicone samples, the system consists of a stationary emission chamber, and the thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system was applied. First, the research aimed to describe the emission profile of butan-2-one oxime considering different methods of application of silicone caulk: separate strips, merged strips, and dotted. Silicone sealant was applied in these three different ways to produce varying surfaces. As a result, significant differences in the emission profile were observed for the different methods of silicone application. The greatest difference in the emission rate was found to be between those of the dot shape and those of the separate strips; the emission rate was approximately five times smaller for dot shape. Moreover, the studies focused on quantitative emissions of butan-2-one oxime over a set time period. The research results indicate that, in the emission process of butan-2-oxime from a neutral silicone sealant, there are three main stages of emission. The first stage is dynamic emission, occurring during the first few days after application. The second stage is declining emission, and the third stage is stable residual emission. Between the first and third stages, the amounts of emitted oxime differ significantly. The difference in the emissions of butan-2-one oxime between the first and last stages of emission ranged from factors of 100–1000.
Krzysztof Klewicz; Mariusz Marć; Bożena Zabiegała. Emission profile of butan-2-one oxime from commercially available neutral silicone sealant. Microchemical Journal 2020, 156, 104982 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Klewicz, Mariusz Marć, Bożena Zabiegała. Emission profile of butan-2-one oxime from commercially available neutral silicone sealant. Microchemical Journal. 2020; 156 ():104982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Klewicz; Mariusz Marć; Bożena Zabiegała. 2020. "Emission profile of butan-2-one oxime from commercially available neutral silicone sealant." Microchemical Journal 156, no. : 104982.
Herein, we review the latest technical solutions for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) determination in samples with different matrix compositions, largely focusing on gas chromatography but also presenting some liquid chromatography–based solutions. Moreover, we discuss the use of diverse sample injection techniques while considering the advantages and disadvantages of each injection system in the context of PBDEs analysis. For instance, the use of modern injection systems allowing the injection of larger-than-standard volumes may increase determination sensitivity, reduce analyte discrimination, and avoid thermally induced debromination. Attention is also paid to the possibility of using high-thermal-resistance chromatographic columns to decrease the extent of column bleeding and obtain better working conditions for the applied detection techniques, e.g., by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. The importance of detector selection is emphasised, and data on the latest PBDE detection techniques are provided. Finally, we discuss the idea of using other devices in screening analysis to suspect the presence of PBDEs, mainly in polymer samples. As a future trends, we have provided data on the possibility of using modern solutions, including sensors.
Monika Śmiełowska; Bożena Zabiegała. Current trends in analytical strategies for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 2: New approaches to PBDEs determination. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2020, 132, 115889 .
AMA StyleMonika Śmiełowska, Bożena Zabiegała. Current trends in analytical strategies for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 2: New approaches to PBDEs determination. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2020; 132 ():115889.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Śmiełowska; Bożena Zabiegała. 2020. "Current trends in analytical strategies for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 2: New approaches to PBDEs determination." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 132, no. : 115889.
Commercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the multivariate data analysis exposed qualitative and quantitative differences between HBM and FM composition as well as within FM of various brands and in HBM itself (between individual mothers and lactation period). Several metabolites were found exclusively in HBM and FM. Statistically significant higher levels of isoleucine and methionine in their free form were detected in FM samples based on caprine milk, while FM samples based on bovine milk showed a higher level of glucose and galactose in comparison to HBM. The results suggest that the amelioration of FM formulation is imperative to better mimic the composition of minor nutrients in HBM.
Dorota Garwolińska; Weronika Hewelt-Belka; Agata Kot-Wasik; Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas. Nutrients 2020, 12, 921 .
AMA StyleDorota Garwolińska, Weronika Hewelt-Belka, Agata Kot-Wasik, Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (4):921.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDorota Garwolińska; Weronika Hewelt-Belka; Agata Kot-Wasik; Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde. 2020. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas." Nutrients 12, no. 4: 921.
Longyearbyen is the largest settlement on Svalbard archipelago, with 2400 permanent residents and approximately 150,000 tourists visiting every year. The city annually releases approximately 285,000 m3 of untreated wastewater to the nearby Adventfjorden. To date, the environmental impact of this continuous input has been studied mainly regarding the sediments and benthic fauna in the fiord. Here, we present results from a study of raw wastewater entering Adventfjorden as well as heavy metals concentrations in the water column within the fjord itself. Two surveys were carried out in summer and autumn season 2018, to establish physical and chemical properties of water at various locations. Trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, As, Cd, Pb, U), total suspended solids (TSS) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. Our results show that Longyearbyen’s raw wastewater introduces low concentrations of heavy metals to the fiord, but due to the growing number of inhabitants and tourists, it should be monitored to avoid degradation of Adventfjorden ecosystem
Agnieszka Kalinowska; Małgorzata Szopińska; Stanisław Chmiel; Magdalena Kończak; Żaneta Polkowska; Wojciech Artichowicz; Katarzyna Jankowska; Aga Nowak; Aneta Łuczkiewicz. Heavy Metals in a High Arctic Fiord and Their Introduction with the Wastewater: A Case Study of Adventfjorden-Longyearbyen System, Svalbard. Water 2020, 12, 794 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Kalinowska, Małgorzata Szopińska, Stanisław Chmiel, Magdalena Kończak, Żaneta Polkowska, Wojciech Artichowicz, Katarzyna Jankowska, Aga Nowak, Aneta Łuczkiewicz. Heavy Metals in a High Arctic Fiord and Their Introduction with the Wastewater: A Case Study of Adventfjorden-Longyearbyen System, Svalbard. Water. 2020; 12 (3):794.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Kalinowska; Małgorzata Szopińska; Stanisław Chmiel; Magdalena Kończak; Żaneta Polkowska; Wojciech Artichowicz; Katarzyna Jankowska; Aga Nowak; Aneta Łuczkiewicz. 2020. "Heavy Metals in a High Arctic Fiord and Their Introduction with the Wastewater: A Case Study of Adventfjorden-Longyearbyen System, Svalbard." Water 12, no. 3: 794.
Alexandrina Guidea; Costel Sârbu. Fuzzy characterization and classification of solvents according to their polarity and selectivity. A comparison with the Snyder approach. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 2020, 43, 336 -343.
AMA StyleAlexandrina Guidea, Costel Sârbu. Fuzzy characterization and classification of solvents according to their polarity and selectivity. A comparison with the Snyder approach. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. 2020; 43 (9-10):336-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandrina Guidea; Costel Sârbu. 2020. "Fuzzy characterization and classification of solvents according to their polarity and selectivity. A comparison with the Snyder approach." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 43, no. 9-10: 336-343.
Surface catchments in Svalbard are sensitive to external pollution, and yet what is frequently considered external contamination may originate from local sources and natural processes. In this work, we analyze the chemical composition of surface waters in the catchments surrounding the Polish Polar Station in Svalbard, Hornsund fjord area. We have pooled unpublished and already published data describing surface water composition in 2010, related to its pH, electrical conductivity (EC), metals and metalloids, total organic carbon (TOC) and selected organic compound concentrations, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and surfactants. These data were statistically analyzed for spatial differences, using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA), with distance from the station in the PCA approximating local human activity impact. The geological composition of the substratum was found to be a strong determinant of metal and metalloid concentrations, sufficient to explain significant differences between the studied water bodies, except for the concentration of Cr. The past and present human activity in the area may have contributed also to some of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), although only in the case of naphthalene can such an effect be confirmed by an inverse correlation with distance from the station. Other likely factors contributing to the chemical concentrations in the local waters are marine influence, long-range pollution transport and release from past deposition in the environment.
Krystyna Koziol; Marek Ruman; Filip Pawlak; Stanisław Chmiel; Żaneta Polkowska. Spatial Differences in the Chemical Composition of Surface Water in the Hornsund Fjord Area: A Statistical Analysis with A Focus on Local Pollution Sources. Water 2020, 12, 496 .
AMA StyleKrystyna Koziol, Marek Ruman, Filip Pawlak, Stanisław Chmiel, Żaneta Polkowska. Spatial Differences in the Chemical Composition of Surface Water in the Hornsund Fjord Area: A Statistical Analysis with A Focus on Local Pollution Sources. Water. 2020; 12 (2):496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrystyna Koziol; Marek Ruman; Filip Pawlak; Stanisław Chmiel; Żaneta Polkowska. 2020. "Spatial Differences in the Chemical Composition of Surface Water in the Hornsund Fjord Area: A Statistical Analysis with A Focus on Local Pollution Sources." Water 12, no. 2: 496.