This study aims to describe the community participation in regional tourism development from the perspective of Arnstein’s theory through ladder of participation in Pitu Beach as the top Tourist Destination of North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. The primary data used in this study were obtained from the representatives of local government (district-subdistrict-village), youth organization, local entrepreneur community and stakeholders who involved in regional tourism development of North Halmahera. While the secondary data were obtained from the Public Works Office of North Halmahera Regency. The results show that community participation in regional tourism development showed the existence of the control society in tourism planning, implementing and evaluating the development program. Thus it could be proofed that community-based tourism approach had been successfully implemented in the context of North Halmahera, Indonesia.

Two closely watched indicators of economic performance are inflation and unemployment. This study empirically analyzes the causality between inflation and unemployment in Indonesia during 1984 to 2017. The data were gathered from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Methodologically, this study employed the Granger Causality test and Vector Autoregression to determine the causality between inflation and unemployment. The results show that there is a one-way causality between inflation and unemployment. The findings imply that unemployment causes inflation, but not vice versa. Next inflation and unemployment are also closely related to other determining factors, such as season, household income, and the decisions to attend school or to perform the housekeeping.

Conceptually and empirically, inflation volatility in Indonesia is a monetary and fiscal phenomenon. This study focuses on the macroeconomic policy and public policy especially causality between two variables namely inflation and money supply in Indonesia. This study uses Indonesian macroeconomic data of inflation and money supply from the Bank of Indonesia publication during 2007.1–2017.7. Inflation is measured by the consumer price index, reflects the annual percentage change in costs of acquiring a basket of goods and services to the average consumers that may change at specified intervals. Meanwhile, money supply is measured by the currency, demand deposits, time deposits, and saving deposits. Methodically, this study uses the Granger Causality model to determine the causality between inflation and money supply. The results show that there is a one-way causality between inflation and money supply in Indonesia. These findings imply that money supply causes inflation, but not vice versa. This condition implies that the role of Indonesian Government and Bank of Indonesia were very crucial in managing and controlling macroeconomic policy and public policy. Then, analysis of money supply and inflation also related to impacting factors such as money laundering, role of banks, taxation, tax evasion, and corruption.

Ritual Capital for Rural Livelihood and Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PDRB, inflasi, upah minimum, dan jumlah penduduk terhadap pengangguran. Data yang digunakan berupa data panel 33 Provinsi selama 7 (tujuh) tahun terhitung dari 2011 – 2017. Sumber data berasal dari website resmi Badan Pusat Statistik dan Bank Indonesia. Uji hipotesis dianalisis menggunakan program eviews 9.0.Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa (1) Produk Domestik Regional Bruto berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap pengangguran, (2) Inflasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap pengangguran, (3) Upah Minimum berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap pengangguran, sementara (4) Jumlah Penduduk tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengangguran. Berdasarkan hasil kajian kebijakan yang dapat diambil pemerintah untuk menekan angka pengangguran antara lain dengan melakukan penyesuaian upah minimum dan melakukan kajian lebih dalam mengenai faktor yang dapat medorong naiknya PDRB.