Facial plastic surgery is associated with a growing number of medicolegal challenges, particularly because of postoperative complications and patient dissatisfaction. This systematic review aimed to examine the medicolegal challenges associated with facial plastic surgery, focusing on postoperative complications, patient dissatisfaction, litigation cases, and medicolegal risk factors. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD), Embase (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Cochrane Library (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, PA), SCOPUS (Elsevier), and Google Scholar (Alphabet Inc., Mountain View, CA) from 2020 to 2024. Medicolegal cases related to facial aesthetic surgeries were included. In total, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. The leading causes of litigation included unsatisfactory aesthetic outcomes, failure of informed consent, technical surgical errors, and inadequate postoperative follow-up. The highest litigation rates were reported in countries with high volumes of plastic surgery cases and stringent regulations. This review highlights the increasing medicolegal burden in aesthetic surgery. Informed consent, postoperative monitoring, and technical precision are crucial for mitigating risks and preventing malpractice claims. The study synthesized medicolegal trends across all major facial aesthetic surgeries. It incorporated a global perspective, analyzing litigation data from over 10 countries, which is uncommon in most similar studies.

Background: Aesthetic body surgeries such as liposuction, abdominoplasty, gluteoplasty, and breast augmentation have seen a global rise. However, the growing popularity of these procedures has led to increased reports of postoperative complications and medico-legal disputes. Objective: To systematically review complications and litigation outcomes associated with aesthetic body surgeries and identify the most common risk factors contributing to legal claims. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (registration on PROSPERO ID: CRD420251043585). Forty-one studies published since between 2020 and 2025 were included. Complications, allegations, and legal outcomes were extracted and analysed. Risk of bias was assessed using JBI and ROBINS-I tools. Results: Infection (48.7%), fat embolism (26.8%), and hematoma (21.9%) were the most frequent complications. Gluteal fat grafting had the highest mortality and legal risk, with a 7.77% incidence of fat embolism. Inadequate informed consent was a leading allegation in over 50% of cases. Claims most often resulted in dismissal (45-76%), but 20-40% led to settlements or plaintiff verdicts, especially in cases of severe complications such as embolism or disfigurement. The pooled average of favourable verdicts for surgeons was 54.3% (95% CI: 49-59%). Publication bias was suggested by asymmetrical funnel plot distribution and high heterogeneity (I ² > 90%). Conclusion: Medico-legal disputes in aesthetic body surgery commonly arise from preventable complications, especially when informed consent is inadequate or postoperative care is substandard. Standardised consent process, improved documentation, procedure-specific risk communication, and regulation of outpatient practices are critical to reducing litigation risk. Level of Evidence III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Marzhan Tis” mobile application in improving oral hygiene practices among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine its usability and correlation with learning success. Methods: A prospective, non-randomized cohort study was conducted with 90 children aged 3–18 years diagnosed with Level 1 ASD from rehabilitation centers in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Participants were divided into an intervention group (IG), which used the app for 1 month, and a control group (CG), which received standard oral hygiene instructions. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), approximal plaque index (API), and papillary–marginal–alveolar index (PMA). Adherence was measured using the modified Oral Hygiene Assessment Scale (OHAS-10), and a structured 15-item caregiver questionnaire evaluated behavioral changes and app usability. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for between and within-group comparisons, Chi-square tests for categorical variables, and Pearson correlation for usability–learning associations. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the IG for all oral hygiene indices (OHI-S reduction: 28–52%; API and PMA improvement > 50%, p < 0.05). Oral hygiene adherence increased by 18.8% ( p = 0.001). Independence in brushing improved in 85% of IG children ( χ ² = 28.7, p = 0.001). A strong correlation was found between app usability and learning outcomes ( r = 0.65, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The “Marzhan Tis” mobile app effectively improved oral hygiene skills and independence in children with ASD Level 1. Its usability and gamified features support its integration into pediatric oral health interventions.

Background: Craniomaxillofacial reconstruction poses significant clinical challenges due to the complexity of the anatomy and the varied causes of defects. Selecting the optimal implant material remains a crucial factor in achieving successful functional and aesthetic outcomes. This study combined a systematic review and a retrospective case series conducted at the Hospital 5, Almaty, Kazakhstan. The sample consisted of 52 patients who underwent craniomaxillofacial reconstruction between 2021 and 2024, receiving either PEEK, titanium, PMMA or silicone implants. Following the surgical procedures, patients were invited to participate in an online survey to evaluate their satisfaction with long-term outcomes. Results: PEEK implants demonstrated the complication rate at 22.2%, attributable only to hematoma. Titanium implants exhibited the complication rate—22.7%, with cases of asymmetry and diplopia (4.5%), exposure (9.1%), hematoma (4.5%) and infection with rejection (9.1%). Aesthetic outcome scores, measured by the ANA scale, varied across materials. PEEK implants achieved the highest mean ANA rating with 8.86 (SD = 0.35; 8.25–9.25), showing a significant difference over PMMA, silicone and titanium. Conclusions: PEEK implants demonstrated promising clinical and aesthetic outcomes in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. However, material selection should be personalised, considering defect location, soft tissue coverage to optimise results.

Aims and Background: The aim of the current study is to assess and compare the efficacy of the leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in combination with sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and SCTG only in promoting aesthetic results and strengthening the state of the soft tissue surrounding implants. Materials and Methods: A parallel-arm randomized controlled clinical trial was used for this investigation. A total of 120 patients who had missing teeth with a thin gingival biotype [less than 1.5 mm] were included in this study. The patients of Group I were treated with PRF and SCTG during second-stage implant surgery, while the patients of Group II were treated with SCTG only. Treatment outcomes included the assessment of the width and thickness of the keratinized tissue at the baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively; pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-4) in the peri-implant crevicular fluid on the 1st, 7th and 30th days after surgical procedure; swabs from the surface of postoperative wounds of the mucous membrane on days 3, 5, 7, and 10; Pink aesthetic score (PES) 6 months after prosthesis placement; and laser Doppler flowmetry on days 1, 7, and 14 after augmentation. Results and Discussion: Patients who received L-PRF+SCTG had a significant increase in keratinized tissue thickness (KTT) (p = 0.08) than those who received SCTG only (KTT 1.86 ± 0.17 Vs 1.48 ± 0.15) 6 months after surgery. The mean (±SD) of PES was found to be 13.1 (±0.02) for Group I and 11.3 (±0.08) for Group II. The cytology, LDF, and local immunoassay analysis demonstrated faster epithelialization and better revascularization in Group I. Conclusion: The use of L-PRF and SCTG is an effective method in augmenting peri-implant soft tissue and improving gingival biotype and aesthetic outcomes, which would help overcome complications and increase patients’ satisfaction. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN27670172