The antioxidant capacity of natural materials can be improved by fermentation. In this study, turmeric rhizome was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae. Fermentation products were obtained with fermentation time of 14, 21 and 28 hours. Furthermore, the fermentation product was extracted using ethanol and determined its antioxidant capacity by DPPH damping method, total phenolate determination and phytochemical screening. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of fermentation products was higher than without fermentation. Antioxidant activity increased with length of fermentation with the value of antioxidant capacity without fermentation and with incubation for 14, 21, and 28 days respectively of 17.0; 27.3; 33.3; and 34.1 mg quercetin/gram extract. The total phenolate of fermentation products was 261; 324,3; 361; 374.3 mg of gallic acid/gram extract. Ethanol extracts of fermented and non-fermented products all contain entirely positive alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, and steroids.

This study explores the anti-glycation effect of aloin, in the presence and absence of casein-derived peptides, on human serum albumin HSA.

Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is a plant used as a floral identity in Indonesia, especially in Papua. Local people use boiled water from matoa leaves, which is believed to treat hypertension. Matoa leaves are traditionally used as a therapeutic agent for burns and wounds in Indonesia. Phytochemical screening of matoa leaf extract contains secondary metabolite compounds, including flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. So far, many of these activities have been reported from the polyphenol group. This research aimed to identify the phytochemical composition of matoa leaves from Kudus in the ethanolic extract using LC-MS. The total phenolic content of ethanol extract using the Folin Ciocalteu method was 35.689 ± 0.726 mg GAE/g extract. The total flavonoid content of ethanol extract using the AlCl3 colorimetric method was 1.384 ± 0.012 mg QE/g extract. Twelve compounds could be identified in the ethanol extract of matoa leaves. The phenolic compounds were vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-Coumaroyl glycolic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, phenol, and vanillic acid. The flavonoid compounds were identified as epigallocatechin and apigenin -7-O-diglucuronide. The organic compound was identified as jasmonic acid. The aromatic compound was identified as benzene. Besides, tannin compounds were also identified. The major compounds in matoa leaves from Kudus, Central Java, are vanillin, phenol, and benzene.

Studies on the anti-aggregation of dithiothreitol (DTT) induced - protein is generally determined by the fraction soluble (non-aggregated) protein. While the turbidity method is commonly used in studies of anti-aggregation, in which protein is induced by heat, in this study, both methods are compared in observing the anti-aggregation activity of ascorbic acid and quercetin toward bovine serum albumin induced by DTT. The DTT is a reducing agent for protein disulfide bonds and capable of inducing protein aggregation at physiological pH and temperature. The work was performed by the formation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) aggregates induced by DTT under physiological conditions, which are pH 7.4 and 37°C. The aggregated protein profile was observed using the turbidity method at the end of incubation and measuring the difference of concentration between the fraction of soluble protein before and after incubation. The measurement was carried out using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The results indicate that both methods show similar inhibition profiles. The potential inhibition of ascorbic acid (AA) toward BSA protein aggregation induced by DTT increased along with incubation time. While quercetin shows the highest inhibition at 12 hours but decreased at 18 hours, this study reveals that both methods can observe the anti-aggregation activity of ascorbic acid and quercetin.

Bakteri termofilik merupakan bakteri yang mampu bertahan hidup pada suhu tinggi di mana salah satu habitatnya adalah sumber air panas. Indonesia memiliki banyak sumber air panas yang potensial sebagai habitat bakteri termofilik. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi bakteri termofilik sumber air panas gedongsongo dengan menggunakan pendekatan minimal media MB (Minimal Broth) dan TS (Taoge Sukosa) serta identifikasi fenotip dengan uji mikrobiologi yang meliputi pewarnaan gram dan morfologi dan identifikasi genotip dengan menggunakan urutan nukleotida gen 16S rRNA dan konstruksi pohon filogenetik dengan menggunakan program Phylip 3.68 ed. metode Distance matrix (Neighbour joining). Identifikasi enzim ekstraseluler secara kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan media selektif yang meliputi uji selulase, uji a-amilase, uji protease dan uji P-galaktosidase. Dari penelitian diperoleh dua isolat tunggal bakteri termofilik yaitu isolat GS_MBan dan isolat GS_TSan. Isolat GS_MBan memiliki kemiripan dengan bakteri kelompok Anoxybacillus sp. sebesar 94-99%, berbentuk batang, bakteri gram positif, memiliki enzim ekstraseluler a-amilase, protease dan P-galaktosidase serta tidak menunjukkan potensi adanya enzim ekstraseluler selulase. Isolat GS_TSan memiliki kemiripan dengan bakteri kelompok Thermoanaerobacterium sp. sebesar 78-86%, berbentuk batang, bakteri gram negatif, memiliki enzim ekstraseluler a-amilase dan protease serta tidak menunjukkan potensi adanya enzim ekstraseluler P-galaktosidase dan selulase.