Currently, sustainable agriculture involves ecofriendly techniques, which include biofertilization. Biofertilizers increase plant productivity by improving soil fertility and nutrient content. A wide range of living organisms can be applied as biofertilizers and increase soil fertility without causing pollution due to their biodegradability. The organisms can be microorganisms like bacteria, microalgae, and micro fungi or macro organisms like macroalgae, macro fungi, and higher plants. Biofertilizers extracted from living organisms or their residues will be increasingly used rather than chemical fertilizers, which cause heavy metal accumulation in soil. Biofertilizer use aims for sustainable development in agriculture by maintaining the soil. This will mitigate climate change and related impacts and will also lower many serious diseases resulting from pollution such as cancer, liver and renal failure, and immune diseases. This review is a comprehensive overview of biofertilizers extracted from a range of living organisms from the Kingdoms Monera to Plantae and included bacteria, algae, fungi, and higher plants. Organisms that play a vital role in elevating soil nutrients in a safe, cheap, and ecofriendly manner are included in the review to promote their potential commercial application.

Rising environmental concerns have forced many industries to seek more environmentally friendly processing methods and safer material alternatives. This review explores eco‐friendly coating techniques for extending the shelf life of fruits, aiming at reducing environmental stressors and improving ecological sustainability. The paper evaluates traditional and innovative methods, including active and passive altered environments, edible coatings, 3D food printing, and nanotechnology. The overview highlights the benefits of these techniques in maintaining freshness, cutting waste, and enhancing food quality through the entire supply chain. Additionally, the review analyzes the safety and environmental impact of eco‐friendly coatings compared to conventional counterparts. The findings underscore the importance of sustainable practices in food production, emphasizing the need for informed decisions that promote consumer welfare and environmental sustainability. The review concludes with a call for further research into biodegradable and edible materials for coatings, focusing on enhancing nutritional value, reducing spoilage, and integrating innovative technologies for food preservation.

This assessment tends to evaluate the Egyptian crop basket around the Nile River, with a focus on their introduction history. A framework of growth forms, flowering time, sex forms, cultivation duration, propagation methods, economic values, and ecological benefits was used. A side from assessing were global phyto-geographic regions, continental distribution, and biomes.