The study is devoted to solving a topical problem related to the deterioration of land quality in Ukraine and in many countries around the world. This article proposes the use of economic and mathematical modelling to optimize the structure of sown areas of crops on the example of the whole of Ukraine in the direction of ensuring the balance of humus in the soil depending on the influence of a number of environmental and economic factors. The formation of the economic and mathematical model was the basis of the research methodology in this work. Based on the use of a systematic approach to assessing the effectiveness of the agricultural land use system, a number of environmental and economic indicators were selected and three groups of restrictions in the field of intensification of agricultural land use were formed. The applied approach made it possible to develop a task to optimize the sown area of crops in order to preserve the quality of land. The results of solving the formed problem showed the need to limit the sown area under crops, the cultivation of which leads to the loss of humus in the soil; in particular, it is proposed to limit the sown area under sunflower. The results of the study allowed us to draw the following conclusions: a positive effect on the quality of soils from the cultivation of annual and perennial grasses was established, which requires an increase in sown areas under these crops; promising indicators for achieving a deficit-free balance of humus in soils during the cultivation of crops have been identified; an algorithm for choosing solutions to ensure balanced use of agricultural land in the agricultural sector has been developed that the presented procedure for choosing solutions will increase the environmental and economic efficiency of agricultural land use; it is established that for the realization of certain goals in the system of land use, the decisive importance should be given to the consideration and coordination of environmental, economic and social interests.

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop directions for improving the management of livestock reproduction processes on the basis of its innovation-and-investment development. Methodology / approach. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition, conceptual provisions of economic theory, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the management of the process of reproduction of animal husbandry and a systematic approach to the study and timely detection of various socio-economic and industrial problems. The study of economic aspects of management of the process of revival and effective development of animal husbandry was carried out using general scientific (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization) and statistical and mathematical methods (correlation, regression, scenario planning, mathematical modeling and forecasting of economic processes). Results. The application of the proposed methods and methodological approaches made it possible to take into account the main components of the management system to reproduce the potential of the industry to identify prospects for growth in gross livestock production and predict changes in economic indicators of its innovation and investment development in the future. The use of systematic and abstract-logical approaches contributed to the formation of a strategy for the revival of the livestock industry based on a list of development scenarios in accordance with the objectives for its implementation and provided an opportunity to outline the problem area for economic modernization of livestock. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, a mechanism for modernization and development of animal husbandry, flexible to economic and social changes in production, is developed, which provides the possibility of modernization processes in the main subsectors of animal husbandry and the introduction of innovative technologies for livestock production. It is developed the study of the use of an alternative method of forecasting priority economic parameters under the conditions of unstable tendencies of agricultural production and dynamic changes in the development of animal husbandry under the influence of factors that are changed with different intensity over a long period. Practical value / implications. The developed theoretical and practical principles made it possible to reveal the integrity of the process of managing the reproduction and development of the livestock industry. The conducted forecast allowed stating changes in production of livestock products and productivity of animals. The obtained results helped to identify the factors that prevent the changing economic, social, political and environmental conditions to transfer the livestock industry to an innovative path of its development through the introduction of modern technologies.

The functioning and development of enterprises largely depends on economic security, which consists of many functional components. The object of the study is the personnel security of the enterprise, and the paper itself is focused on identifying its factors that determine the level of labor safety. Analysis and assessment should become an important component of developing a labor safety strategy in the context of sustainable development. Currently, there are various methods that allow analyzing labor resources and their condition, but their use does not always make it possible to determine the level of sufficiency of characteristics; uncertainty arises that prevents a more objective assessment of situations. The study shows the problems of personnel security, considers and analyzes its components, and proposes an analysis method based on the fuzzy set method, which allows calculating the impact of each component with a greater degree of reliability. Using the fuzzy set method, an assessment of the personnel security of Joint Stock Company “National Nuclear Energy Generating Company “Energoatom” (JSC NNEGC Energoatom, Kyiv, Ukraine) for five years (2018–2022) was carried out, which made it possible to conduct a more objective analysis. Qualitative assessment of the impact of such indicators as average wages; frequency of injuries; level of saturation with specialists; level of professional training of employees; average age of employees; the share of young specialists is given. Starting from 2020, as the analysis showed, there has been a decrease in the level of personnel security indicator. The reason for the decrease in the level of personnel security of the enterprise was the decrease in the level of specialists in the total number of employees, especially young specialists, as well as the deterioration of the dynamics of employee training. The paper proposes measures to increase the level of personnel security of JSC NNEGC Energoatom.

The article examines the export potential of Ukraine’s agricultural sector in the context of severe economic shocks caused by the full-scale war. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of agro-export, analyze the resilience of the sector to external challenges, and identify effective approaches to strengthening its stability under crisis conditions. The relevance of the topic is determined by the strategic importance of agriculture for Ukraine’s economy, food security, and its substantial contribution to global agri-food markets. The high share of agricultural products in the country’s export structure underscores the urgency of developing adaptive mechanisms for external trade in times of geopolitical and economic turbulence. The research methodology is based on systemic, comparative, and statistical analysis, combined with abstract-logical methods and expert evaluation. A comprehensive approach allowed the authors to study export dynamics, identify key product groups, and outline the structural shifts that occurred in 2022–2024. The analysis revealed that grain, oilseeds, poultry meat, and processed agricultural products remain the core of Ukrainian agro-export. Despite positive tendencies in some segments, overall export operations face critical risks related to disrupted logistics, market volatility, infrastructural damage, and trade restrictions. The study emphasizes the need for implementing risk management systems at the enterprise level as a tool for increasing flexibility, reducing losses, and ensuring continuity of export activities. Special attention is given to the strategic importance of diversification, logistics modernization, and scenario planning for the development of adaptive business models. The practical value of the article lies in the proposed directions for improving the sustainability of agricultural exports and enhancing the competitiveness of agri-food enterprises in the face of long-term instability. The conclusions of the research can be applied in strategic decision-making, policy formation, and enterprise-level planning to support Ukraine’s agro-export capacity in the post-crisis recovery phase.

The article object is to is a relatively new research direction in economic theory - economic security at the macro-level. One of the aims of this article is to reveal the country’s economic security idea and to choose methods for this economic phenomenon evaluation as well as to suggest the method to evaluate the energy sector's impact on this economic phenomenon. Firstly, the authors review different approaches to economic security principles and do some assumptions related to the country's economic security concept. There is shortly described the energy sector. Since the scientific problem is how to evaluate the energy sector and the country's security and what impact the energy sector has on the country's economic security, the authors have selected methods to analyze the links between energy sector activities and economic security. Furthermore, there were presented the results of regression analyzes and concluded what energy sector indicators influence countries' economic security.