Under the dual pressures of global climate change and resource depletion, the recycling of construction solid waste has become a crucial link in promoting sustainable development. This study adopts the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to conduct a comparative analysis of the differences in environmental benefits between the recycling treatment of construction solid waste and the traditional simple landfill treatment. The results show that, in specific scenarios, the adoption of recycling not only significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions but also saves a large amount of natural resources. From an economic perspective, although the initial economic investment in recycling treatment may be relatively high, its long-term environmental and economic benefits far exceed those of simple landfills. In view of the current challenges faced by the recycling treatment of construction solid waste, such as lack of data, uncertain market demand, and insufficient policy support, this study recommends strategies such as strengthening data collection, promoting market expansion, and enhancing policy support to facilitate the green transformation and sustainable development of the construction industry.