This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Jennifer K. Vanos; Wendy Marie Thomas; Andy Grundstein; Yuri Hosokawa; Doug Casa. Bracing for heat and humidity amidst new challenges in Tokyo. Temperature 2021, 1 -3.
AMA StyleJennifer K. Vanos, Wendy Marie Thomas, Andy Grundstein, Yuri Hosokawa, Doug Casa. Bracing for heat and humidity amidst new challenges in Tokyo. Temperature. 2021; ():1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer K. Vanos; Wendy Marie Thomas; Andy Grundstein; Yuri Hosokawa; Doug Casa. 2021. "Bracing for heat and humidity amidst new challenges in Tokyo." Temperature , no. : 1-3.
Enhanced intestinal permeability is a pervasive issue in modern medicine, with implications demonstrably associated with significant health consequences such as sepsis, multiorgan failure, and death. Key issues involve the trigger mechanisms that could compromise intestinal integrity and increase local permeability allowing the passage of larger, potentially dangerous molecules. Heat stress, whether exertional or environmental, may modulate intestinal permeability and begs interesting questions in the context of global climate change, increasing population vulnerabilities, and public health. Emerging evidence indicates that intestinal leakage of digestive enzymes and associated cell dysfunctions––a process referred to as autodigestion––may play a critical role in systemic physiological damage within the body. This increased permeability is exacerbated in the presence of elevated core temperatures. We employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling methods to analyze the relationship between heat stress and the nascent theory of autodigestion in a systematic, quantifiable, and unbiased manner. From a corpus of 11,233 scientific articles across four relevant scientific journals (Gut, Shock, Temperature, Gastroenterology), it was found that over 1,000 documents expressed a relationship between intestine, enhanced permeability, core temperature, and heat stress. The association has grown stronger in recent years, as heat stress and potential autodigestion are investigated in tandem, yet still by a limited number of specific research studies. Such findings justify the design of future studies to critically test novel interventions against digestive enzymes permeating the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine.
Anthony A. Fung; Andy Zhou; Jennifer K. Vanos; Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein. Enhanced intestinal permeability and intestinal co-morbidities in heat strain: A review and case for autodigestion. Temperature 2021, 1 -22.
AMA StyleAnthony A. Fung, Andy Zhou, Jennifer K. Vanos, Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein. Enhanced intestinal permeability and intestinal co-morbidities in heat strain: A review and case for autodigestion. Temperature. 2021; ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnthony A. Fung; Andy Zhou; Jennifer K. Vanos; Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein. 2021. "Enhanced intestinal permeability and intestinal co-morbidities in heat strain: A review and case for autodigestion." Temperature , no. : 1-22.
Jennifer Vanos; Robert D. Brown. In memoriam of Professor Terry Gillespie. International Journal of Biometeorology 2021, 65, 985 -987.
AMA StyleJennifer Vanos, Robert D. Brown. In memoriam of Professor Terry Gillespie. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2021; 65 (6):985-987.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Vanos; Robert D. Brown. 2021. "In memoriam of Professor Terry Gillespie." International Journal of Biometeorology 65, no. 6: 985-987.
Thermal comfort research has utilized various sensors and models to estimate the mean radiant temperature (MRT) experienced by a human, including the standard black globe thermometer (SGT), acrylic globe thermometers (AGT), and cylindrical radiation thermometers (CRT). Rather than directly measuring radiation, a temperature is measured in the center of these low-cost sensors that can be related to MRT after theoretically accounting for convection. However, these sensors have not been systematically tested under long-term hot and clear conditions. Further, under variable weather conditions, many issues can arise due to slow response times, shape, inaccuracies in material properties and assumptions, and color (albedo, emissivity) inconsistencies. Here, we assess the performance of MRT produced by various heat transfer models, with and without new average surface temperature (\( {\overline{T}}_{\mathrm{s}} \)) correction factors, using five instruments—the SGT (15 cm, black), tan and black CRTs, gray and black 38 mm AGTs—compared to 3D integral radiation measurements. Measurements were taken on an unobscured roof throughout summer-to-early-fall months in Tempe, Arizona, examining 58 full-sun days. Deviations without correcting for asymmetrical surface heating—found to be the main cause of errors—reached ± 15–20 °C MRT. By accounting for asymmetric heating through \( {\overline{T}}_{\mathrm{s}} \) calculations, new corrective algorithms were derived for the low-cost sensor models. Results show significant improvements in the estimated MRT error for each sensor (i.e., ∆MRTmodel − IRM) when applying the \( {\overline{T}}_{\mathrm{s}} \) corrections. The tan MRTCRT improved from 1.9 ± 6.2 to −0.1 ± 4.4 °C, while the gray AGT and SGT showed improvements from −1.6 ± 7.2 to −0.4 ± 6.3 °C and − 6.6 ± 6.4 to − 0.03 ± 5.7 °C, respectively. The new corrections also eliminated dependence on other meteorological factors (zenith, wind speed). From these results, we provide three simple equations for CRT, AGT, and SGT correction for future research use under warm-hot and clear conditions. This study is the most comprehensive empirical assessment of various low-cost instruments with broad applicability in urban climate and biometeorological research.
Jennifer K. Vanos; Konrad Rykaczewski; Ariane Middel; Daniel J. Vecellio; Robert D. Brown; Terry J. Gillespie. Improved methods for estimating mean radiant temperature in hot and sunny outdoor settings. International Journal of Biometeorology 2021, 65, 967 -983.
AMA StyleJennifer K. Vanos, Konrad Rykaczewski, Ariane Middel, Daniel J. Vecellio, Robert D. Brown, Terry J. Gillespie. Improved methods for estimating mean radiant temperature in hot and sunny outdoor settings. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2021; 65 (6):967-983.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer K. Vanos; Konrad Rykaczewski; Ariane Middel; Daniel J. Vecellio; Robert D. Brown; Terry J. Gillespie. 2021. "Improved methods for estimating mean radiant temperature in hot and sunny outdoor settings." International Journal of Biometeorology 65, no. 6: 967-983.
Approximately 75% of farmworkers in the United States are Latino migrants, and about 50% of hired farmworkers do not have authorization to work in the United States. Farmworkers face numerous chemical, physical, and biological threats to their health. The adverse effects of these hazards may be amplified among Latino migrant farmworkers, who are concurrently exposed to various psychosocial stressors. Factors such as documentation status, potential lack of authorization to work in the United States, and language and cultural barriers may also prevent Latino migrants from accessing federal aid, legal assistance, and health programs. These environmental, occupational, and social hazards may further exacerbate existing health disparities among US Latinos. This population is also likely to be disproportionately impacted by emerging threats, including climate change and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Latino migrant farmworkers are essential to agriculture in the United States, and actions are needed to protect this vulnerable population. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 42 is April 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Federico Castillo; Ana M. Mora; Georgia L. Kayser; Jennifer Vanos; Carly Hyland; Audrey R. Yang; Brenda Eskenazi. Environmental Health Threats to Latino Migrant Farmworkers. Annual Review of Public Health 2021, 42, 257 -276.
AMA StyleFederico Castillo, Ana M. Mora, Georgia L. Kayser, Jennifer Vanos, Carly Hyland, Audrey R. Yang, Brenda Eskenazi. Environmental Health Threats to Latino Migrant Farmworkers. Annual Review of Public Health. 2021; 42 (1):257-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Castillo; Ana M. Mora; Georgia L. Kayser; Jennifer Vanos; Carly Hyland; Audrey R. Yang; Brenda Eskenazi. 2021. "Environmental Health Threats to Latino Migrant Farmworkers." Annual Review of Public Health 42, no. 1: 257-276.
Extreme heat adversely affects human health, productivity, and well-being, with more frequent and intense heatwaves projected to increase exposures. However, current risk projections oversimplify critical inter-individual factors of human thermoregulation, resulting in unreliable and unrealistic estimates of future adverse health outcomes.
Jennifer K. Vanos; Jane W. Baldwin; Ollie Jay; Kristie L. Ebi. Simplicity lacks robustness when projecting heat-health outcomes in a changing climate. Nature Communications 2020, 11, 1 -5.
AMA StyleJennifer K. Vanos, Jane W. Baldwin, Ollie Jay, Kristie L. Ebi. Simplicity lacks robustness when projecting heat-health outcomes in a changing climate. Nature Communications. 2020; 11 (1):1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer K. Vanos; Jane W. Baldwin; Ollie Jay; Kristie L. Ebi. 2020. "Simplicity lacks robustness when projecting heat-health outcomes in a changing climate." Nature Communications 11, no. 1: 1-5.
Thermal comfort is an important determinant of quality of life and economic vitality in cities. Strategies to improve thermal comfort may become a more critical part of urban sustainability efforts with projections of continued urban growth and climate change. A case study was performed in the hot, dry summertime climate of Tempe, Arizona to quantify the influence of evaporative misters on the thermal environment in outdoor restaurants and to understand business managers’ motivations to use misters. Microclimate measurements (air temperature (Ta), wind speed, relative humidity, globe temperature) were taken at five restaurants midday within four exposures: misted sun, misted shade, sun only, and shade only. We assessed Ta, mean radiant temperature (MRT), universal thermal climate index (UTCI), and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) between these four conditions within each location. Misters improved thermal comfort across all days, sites, and exposure conditions. MRT was on average 7.6 °C lower in misted locations, which significantly lowered average PET (– 6.5 °C) and UTCI (– 4.4 °C) (p < 0.05). Thermal comfort was most improved using mist in combination with shade. Under such conditions, PET and UTCI were reduced by 15.5 °C and 9.7 °C (p < 0.05), respectively. Business managers identified customer comfort and increased seating capacity as the principal factors for mister use. Esthetics of misters further encouraged use, while cost and environmental concerns were perceived to be less important. While this case study demonstrates value in outdoor misting in a hot, dry climate, additional work is needed to more fully evaluate tradeoffs between cost, water use, and comfort with continuing urban growth.
Jennifer K. Vanos; Mary K. Wright; Alana Kaiser; Ariane Middel; Harrison Ambrose; David M. Hondula. Evaporative misters for urban cooling and comfort: effectiveness and motivations for use. International Journal of Biometeorology 2020, 1 -13.
AMA StyleJennifer K. Vanos, Mary K. Wright, Alana Kaiser, Ariane Middel, Harrison Ambrose, David M. Hondula. Evaporative misters for urban cooling and comfort: effectiveness and motivations for use. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2020; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer K. Vanos; Mary K. Wright; Alana Kaiser; Ariane Middel; Harrison Ambrose; David M. Hondula. 2020. "Evaporative misters for urban cooling and comfort: effectiveness and motivations for use." International Journal of Biometeorology , no. : 1-13.
Context Many organizations associated with sports medicine recommend using wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)-based activity-modification guidelines that are uniform across the country. However, no consideration has been given to whether the WBGT thresholds are appropriate for different weather conditions, such as warm-humid (WH) relative to hot-dry (HD), based on known differences in physiological responses to these environments. Objective To identify if personnel in regions with drier conditions and greater evaporative cooling potential should consider using WBGT-based activity-modification thresholds that differ from those in more humid weather. Design Observational study. Setting Weather stations across the contiguous United States. Main Outcome Measure(s) A 15-year hourly WBGT dataset from 217 weather stations across the contiguous United States was used to identify particular combinations of globe temperature, wet-bulb temperature, and air temperature that produce WBGTs of 27.9°C, 30.1°C, and 32.3°C. A total of 71 302 observations were clustered into HD and WH environmental conditions. From these clusters, maximum heat-loss potential and heat-flux values were modeled at equivalent WBGT thresholds with various activity levels, clothing, and equipment configurations. Results We identified strong geographic patterns, with HD conditions predominant in the western half and WH conditions predominant in the eastern half of the country. Heat loss was systematically greater in HD than in WH conditions, indicating an overall less stressful environment, even at equivalent WBGT values. At a WBGT of 32.3°C, this difference was 11 W·m−2 at an activity velocity of 0.3 m·s−1, which doubled for an activity velocity of 0.7 m·s−1. The HD and WH difference increased with the WBGT value, demonstrating that evaporative cooling differences between HD and WH conditions were even greater at a higher, rather than lower, WBGT. Conclusions Potential heat loss was consistently greater in HD than in WH environments despite equal WBGTs. These findings support the need for further clinical studies to determine the appropriate WBGT thresholds based on environmental and physiological limits to maximize safety while avoiding unnecessary limitations.
Jennifer K. Vanos; Andrew J. Grundstein. Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds. Journal of Athletic Training 2020, 55, 1190 -1198.
AMA StyleJennifer K. Vanos, Andrew J. Grundstein. Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds. Journal of Athletic Training. 2020; 55 (11):1190-1198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer K. Vanos; Andrew J. Grundstein. 2020. "Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 11: 1190-1198.
Context: Many organizations associated with sports medicine recommend using wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)-based activity-modification guidelines that are uniform across the country. However, there is no consideration about whether the WBGT thresholds are appropriate for different weather conditions, such as warm-humid (WH) relative to hot-dry (HD), given known differences in physiological responses to these environments.Objective: To identify if regions with drier conditions and greater evaporative cooling potential should consider using WBGT activity-modification thresholds that are different from those with more humid weather.Design: Observational study.Setting: Weather stations across the contiguous United States.Main Outcome Measure(s): A 15-year hourly WBGT dataset from 217 weather stations across the contiguous United States was used to identify particular combinations of globe temperature, wet-bulb temperature, and air temperature that produce WBGTs of 27.9°C, 30.1°C, and 32.3°C. A total of 71 302 observations were clustered into HD and WH environmental conditions. From these clusters, maximum heat-loss potential and heat-flux values were modeled at equivalent WBGT thresholds with various activity levels, clothing, and equipment configurations.Results: We identified strong geographic patterns, with HD conditions predominant in the western half and WH conditions predominant in the eastern half of the country. Heat loss was systematically greater in HD than in WH conditions, indicating an overall less stressful environment even at equivalent WBGT values. At a WBGT of 32.3°C, this difference was 11 W∙m−2 at an activity velocity of 0.3 m∙s−1, which doubled for an activity velocity of 0.7 m∙s−1. The HD and WH difference increased with WBGT value, demonstrating that evaporative cooling differences between HD and WH conditions were even greater at a higher, rather than lower, WBGT.Conclusions: The potential heat loss was consistently greater in HD than WH environments despite equal WBGTs. These findings support the need for further clinical studies to determine the appropriate WBGT thresholds based on environment and physiological limits to maximize safety, yet also avoid unnecessary limitations.
Jennifer Vanos; Andrew Grundstein. Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJennifer Vanos, Andrew Grundstein. Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Vanos; Andrew Grundstein. 2020. "Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds." , no. : 1.
Problems caused by urban climate phenomena such as urban heat island intensification, nuisance winds, or the lack of ventilation, are a growing concern with urban population growth and aging infrastructure. While many possible solutions are known, effective adaptation strategies have been insufficiently implemented to ameliorate urban climate problems. Reasons for this ‘implementation gap’ such as the level of awareness about implementable solutions have received little attention in the literature. An important question thus remains unanswered: what do different urban actors (citizens; politicians; urban planners and designers; and urban climate experts) who shape the urban environment and thus its climate, know about urban climate adaptation measures? We conducted a pilot study using semi-structured interviews with specialists in the field of urban sustainability related to urban planning and climate in ten countries worldwide. Interview results indicated that awareness of adaptation measures differs between countries, but even more so between different actor groups. Citizens and politicians are less aware than urban planners or designers and urban climate experts. Awareness raising should involve media campaigns, further education and display of good practice. Politicians should work on better laws and their enforcement and urban climate experts on good knowledge communication.
Sanda Lenzholzer; Gerrit-Jan Carsjens; Robert D. Brown; Silvia Tavares; Jennifer Vanos; Youjoung Kim; Kanghyun Lee. Awareness of urban climate adaptation strategies –an international overview. Urban Climate 2020, 34, 100705 .
AMA StyleSanda Lenzholzer, Gerrit-Jan Carsjens, Robert D. Brown, Silvia Tavares, Jennifer Vanos, Youjoung Kim, Kanghyun Lee. Awareness of urban climate adaptation strategies –an international overview. Urban Climate. 2020; 34 ():100705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanda Lenzholzer; Gerrit-Jan Carsjens; Robert D. Brown; Silvia Tavares; Jennifer Vanos; Youjoung Kim; Kanghyun Lee. 2020. "Awareness of urban climate adaptation strategies –an international overview." Urban Climate 34, no. : 100705.
In this study the authors examined how maternal health workers (MHWs) perceive the health risks of extreme heat exposure to pregnant women and fetuses. The authors conducted interviews with 12 MHWs (including midwives and doulas) in El Paso, Texas. Using qualitative analysis, the researchers identified numerous themes. Although heat was not communicated as a major health risk, participants expressed some concern with growing heat exposure and communicated standard protective measures. While all participants were familiar with some heat illness symptoms, they were generally unaware of their clients’ vulnerability. MHWs’ minimal heat-risk knowledge leaves pregnant women and developing fetuses at risk of preventable harm.
Adelle Dora Monteblanco; Jennifer K. Vanos. Community-based maternal health workers’ perspectives on heat risk and safety: a pilot qualitative study. Health Care for Women International 2020, 1 -21.
AMA StyleAdelle Dora Monteblanco, Jennifer K. Vanos. Community-based maternal health workers’ perspectives on heat risk and safety: a pilot qualitative study. Health Care for Women International. 2020; ():1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdelle Dora Monteblanco; Jennifer K. Vanos. 2020. "Community-based maternal health workers’ perspectives on heat risk and safety: a pilot qualitative study." Health Care for Women International , no. : 1-21.
Urban climate manifests itself through thermal and wind environments specific to cities and can cause wind danger or overheating. Cities can benefit from preventing these effects through adaptation measures. However, before any action can be taken in improving these urban climate conditions, an awareness of the problems is needed. Numerous studies show that there is awareness of urban climate extremes as a problem, yet that knowledge lacks amongst different actors in society, and may further differ between countries. Therefore, we conducted an international study on the awareness levels regarding urban climate phenomena and the sense of urgency to act within four groups: citizens, local politicians, urban planners and designers, and urban climate experts. Semi-structured interviews with experts in ten countries worldwide were conducted. Results indicate that the urgency to adapt to climate change was acknowledged rather equally for the four groups of actors. In contrast, awareness of urban climate phenomena (urban heat islands and urban wind patterns) amongst citizens and politicians is rather low in most countries. Amongst urban planners and designers and the urban climate experts we observed a generally high awareness regarding urban climate phenomena. Raising awareness requires tailor-made strategies for specific needs of the different actor groups.
Sanda Lenzholzer; Gerrit-Jan Carsjens; Robert D. Brown; Silvia Tavares; Jennifer Vanos; Youjoung Kim; Kanghyun Lee. Urban climate awareness and urgency to adapt: An international overview. Urban Climate 2020, 33, 100667 .
AMA StyleSanda Lenzholzer, Gerrit-Jan Carsjens, Robert D. Brown, Silvia Tavares, Jennifer Vanos, Youjoung Kim, Kanghyun Lee. Urban climate awareness and urgency to adapt: An international overview. Urban Climate. 2020; 33 ():100667.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanda Lenzholzer; Gerrit-Jan Carsjens; Robert D. Brown; Silvia Tavares; Jennifer Vanos; Youjoung Kim; Kanghyun Lee. 2020. "Urban climate awareness and urgency to adapt: An international overview." Urban Climate 33, no. : 100667.
Yuri Hosokawa; Jennifer Vanos. Extreme heat and health at Tokyo-2020ne: The need for scientific coalition across sectors. Temperature 2020, 7, 111 -113.
AMA StyleYuri Hosokawa, Jennifer Vanos. Extreme heat and health at Tokyo-2020ne: The need for scientific coalition across sectors. Temperature. 2020; 7 (2):111-113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuri Hosokawa; Jennifer Vanos. 2020. "Extreme heat and health at Tokyo-2020ne: The need for scientific coalition across sectors." Temperature 7, no. 2: 111-113.
Extreme heat can be harmful to human health and negatively affect athletic performance. The Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games are predicted to be the most oppressively hot Olympics on record. An interdisciplinary multi-scale perspective is provided concerning extreme heat in Tokyo—from planetary atmospheric dynamics, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), to fine-scale urban temperatures—as relevant for heat preparedness efforts by sport, time of day, and venue. We utilize stochastic methods to link daytime average wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) levels in Tokyo in August (from meteorological reanalysis data) with large-scale atmospheric dynamics and regional flows from 1981 to 2016. Further, we employ a mesonet of Tokyo weather stations (2009–2018) to interpolate the spatiotemporal variability in near-surface air temperatures at outdoor venues. Using principal component analysis, two planetary (ENSO) regions in the Pacific Ocean explain 70% of the variance in Tokyo’s August daytime WBGT across 35 years, varying by 3.95°C WGBT from the coolest to warmest quartile. The 10-year average daytime and maximum intra-urban air temperatures vary minimally across Tokyo (<1.2°C and 1.7°C, respectively), and less between venues (0.6–0.7°C), with numerous events planned for the hottest daytime period (1200–1500 hr). For instance, 45% and 38% of the Olympic and Paralympic road cycling events (long duration and intense) occur midday. Climatologically, Tokyo will present oppressive weather conditions, and March–May 2020 is the critical observation period to predict potential anomalous late-summer WBGT in Tokyo. Proactive climate assessment of expected conditions can be leveraged for heat preparedness across the Game’s period.
Jennifer K. Vanos; Wendy Marie Thomas; Andrew J. Grundstein; Yuri Hosokawa; Ying Liu; Douglas J. Casa. A multi-scalar climatological analysis in preparation for extreme heat at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Temperature 2020, 7, 191 -214.
AMA StyleJennifer K. Vanos, Wendy Marie Thomas, Andrew J. Grundstein, Yuri Hosokawa, Ying Liu, Douglas J. Casa. A multi-scalar climatological analysis in preparation for extreme heat at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Temperature. 2020; 7 (2):191-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer K. Vanos; Wendy Marie Thomas; Andrew J. Grundstein; Yuri Hosokawa; Ying Liu; Douglas J. Casa. 2020. "A multi-scalar climatological analysis in preparation for extreme heat at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Temperature 7, no. 2: 191-214.
(2020). The heat is on: Bracing for impacts in Tokyo. Temperature: Vol. 7, Special Issue 1 of 2: Anticipating the Tokyo Olympic Games, pp. 1-2.
Jennifer Vanos. The heat is on: Bracing for impacts in Tokyo. Temperature 2020, 7, 1 -2.
AMA StyleJennifer Vanos. The heat is on: Bracing for impacts in Tokyo. Temperature. 2020; 7 (1):1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Vanos. 2020. "The heat is on: Bracing for impacts in Tokyo." Temperature 7, no. 1: 1-2.
A standardised procedure for making fair and comparable assessments of the ultraviolet protection of an established tree canopy that takes into account canopy movement and the changing position of the sun is presented for use by government, planning, and environmental health authorities. The technique utilises video image capture and replaces the need for measurement by ultraviolet radiometers for surveying shade quality characteristics of trees growing in public parks, playgrounds and urban settings. The technique improves upon tree shade assessments that may be based upon single measurements of the ultraviolet irradiance observed from a fixed point of view. The presented technique demonstrates how intelligent shade audits can be conducted without the need for specialist equipment, enabling the calculation of the Shade Protection Index (SPI) and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) for any discreet time interval and over a full calendar year.
N.J. Downs; H.J. Butler; L. Baldwin; A.V. Parisi; A. Amar; J. Vanos; Simone Harrison. A site-specific standard for comparing dynamic solar ultraviolet protection characteristics of established tree canopies. MethodsX 2019, 6, 1683 -1693.
AMA StyleN.J. Downs, H.J. Butler, L. Baldwin, A.V. Parisi, A. Amar, J. Vanos, Simone Harrison. A site-specific standard for comparing dynamic solar ultraviolet protection characteristics of established tree canopies. MethodsX. 2019; 6 ():1683-1693.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN.J. Downs; H.J. Butler; L. Baldwin; A.V. Parisi; A. Amar; J. Vanos; Simone Harrison. 2019. "A site-specific standard for comparing dynamic solar ultraviolet protection characteristics of established tree canopies." MethodsX 6, no. : 1683-1693.
Outdoor recreational spaces for children are a highly valued aspect of society to support child well-being. However, there are many important health considerations, such as surface temperatures and ultraviolet radiation exposure that are neglected in traditional initiatives of playground safety, which may impact children’s exposures during play. The present study provides an overview of a safety assessment of playgrounds in the United States, specifically investigating 103 public playgrounds for an applied understanding of the relationship of surface-to-air temperatures for installed surfacing materials, and the prevalence of shade during peak midday hours. Results demonstrate that natural surface materials resulted in moderated temperatures relative to ambient temperature, while artificial surfaces resulted in higher surface temperatures than ambient. Minimal shading was encountered, 67% of playgrounds visited were not shaded between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. This case study provides critical insight, discussion, and novel questions pertaining to the holistic consideration of numerous aspects of playground safety, which can mutually support social and ecological values while providing health co-benefits. Not only are important health risks, such as sunburns and temperature extremes ignored in current playground safety guidelines, but much of the essential information is not available to the end-users making design decisions that may affect the safety and active play experience for the users. Our results strongly motivate future large-scale studies assessing the influence of design on ambient exposures and the provision that bioclimatic principles and greenspace have a central role in playground design.
Heather Olsen; Eric Kennedy; Jennifer Vanos. Shade provision in public playgrounds for thermal safety and sun protection: A case study across 100 play spaces in the United States. Landscape and Urban Planning 2019, 189, 200 -211.
AMA StyleHeather Olsen, Eric Kennedy, Jennifer Vanos. Shade provision in public playgrounds for thermal safety and sun protection: A case study across 100 play spaces in the United States. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2019; 189 ():200-211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeather Olsen; Eric Kennedy; Jennifer Vanos. 2019. "Shade provision in public playgrounds for thermal safety and sun protection: A case study across 100 play spaces in the United States." Landscape and Urban Planning 189, no. : 200-211.
Background Occupational heat exposure is a serious concern for worker health, productivity, and the economy. Few studies in North America assess how on‐site wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) levels and guidelines are applied in practice. Methods We assessed the use of a WBGT sensor for localized summertime heat exposures experienced by outdoor laborers at an industrial worksite in Ontario, Canada during the warm season (May‐October) from 2012 to 2018 inclusive. We further examined informed decision making, approximated workers’ predicted heat strain (sweat loss, core temperature), and estimated potential financial loss (via hourly wages) due to decreased work allowance in the heat. Results Significantly higher worksite WBGT levels occured compared with regional levels estimated at the airport, with an upward trend in heat warnings over the 7 years and expansion of warnings into the fall season. The maximum WBGT during warnings related strongly to predicted hourly sweat loss. On average, 22 hours per worker were lost each summer (~1% of annual work hours) as a result of taking breaks or stopping due to heat. This amount of time corresponded to an average individual loss of C$1100 Canadian dollars (~C$220,000 combined for ~200 workers) to workers or the company. The additional losses for an enterprise due to reduced product output were not estimated. Conclusions Worksite observations and actions at the microscale are essential for improving the estimates of health and economic costs of extreme heat to enterprises and society. Providing worksite heat metrics to the employees aids in appropriate decision making and health protection.
Jennifer Vanos; Daniel J. Vecellio; Tord Kjellstrom. Workplace heat exposure, health protection, and economic impacts: A case study in Canada. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 2019, 62, 1024 -1037.
AMA StyleJennifer Vanos, Daniel J. Vecellio, Tord Kjellstrom. Workplace heat exposure, health protection, and economic impacts: A case study in Canada. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2019; 62 (12):1024-1037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Vanos; Daniel J. Vecellio; Tord Kjellstrom. 2019. "Workplace heat exposure, health protection, and economic impacts: A case study in Canada." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 62, no. 12: 1024-1037.
Personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure models were developed for 144 Olympic events scheduled outdoors from across the 33 sport disciplines that will compete in Tokyo between 24 July and 9 August 2020. Ambient exposure models were developed from existing atmospheric parameters measured over Tokyo (35.7°N 139.7°E) and were used to weight erythemally effective solar ultraviolet exposure to gold medalists, taking into account body posture and expected protection by competitor’s clothing which was assessed in comparison to respective medalists of the 2016 Rio Olympics. Individual exposure models consider the ultraviolet surface albedo (lawn, concrete, water or sand) and timing of daily events held within Olympic venues. Exposure assessments are presented, including assessments of all preliminary rounds and qualifiers. Within scheduled outdoor events, we award first place (representing the highest and most harmful UV exposure) to the women’s tennis singles (1680 J/m2), second to men’s golf (1530 J/m2) and third to the men’s cycling road race (941 J/m2) for the highest expected erythemally effective solar ultraviolet radiation exposures of the 2020 Tokyo Games. The highest expected solar ultraviolet exposures for nations expected to win greater than three gold medals among the outdoor events were found to occur in athletes from Kenya followed closely by the United States and Hungary. Gold medalists from South Korea were found to demonstrate the highest level of sun protection due to clothing at the 2016 Rio Games, and are thus expected to receive the greatest relative reduction in erythemally effective exposure during the 2020 Tokyo Games.
Nathan J. Downs; Taryn Axelsen; Peter Schouten; P. Igoe Damien; V. Parisi Alfio; Jennifer Vanos. Biologically effective solar ultraviolet exposures and the potential skin cancer risk for individual gold medalists of the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games. Temperature 2019, 7, 89 -108.
AMA StyleNathan J. Downs, Taryn Axelsen, Peter Schouten, P. Igoe Damien, V. Parisi Alfio, Jennifer Vanos. Biologically effective solar ultraviolet exposures and the potential skin cancer risk for individual gold medalists of the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games. Temperature. 2019; 7 (1):89-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathan J. Downs; Taryn Axelsen; Peter Schouten; P. Igoe Damien; V. Parisi Alfio; Jennifer Vanos. 2019. "Biologically effective solar ultraviolet exposures and the potential skin cancer risk for individual gold medalists of the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games." Temperature 7, no. 1: 89-108.
There is evidence that local traffic density and living near major roads can adversely affect health outcomes. We aimed to assess the relationship between local road length, proximity to primary highways, and cause-specific mortality in the 1991 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC). In this long-term study of 2.6 million people, based on completion of the long-form census in 1991 and followed until 2011, we used annual residential addresses to determine the total length of local roads within 200 m of postal code representative points and the postal code's distance to primary highways. The association between exposure to traffic and cause-specific non-accidental mortality was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual covariates and contextual factors, including census division-level proportion in high school, the percentage of recent immigrants, and neighborhood income. We performed sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for exposure to PM2.5, NO2, or O3, restricting to subjects in core urban areas, and spatial variation by climatic zone. The hazard ratio (HR) for all non-accidental mortality associated with an interquartile increase in length of local roads was 1.05 (95% CI 1.04, 1.05), while for an interquartile range increase in proximity to primary highways, the HR was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02, 1.04). HRs by traffic quartile increased with increasing lengths of local roads, as well as with closer proximity to primary highways, for all mortality causes. The associations were stronger within subjects' resident in urban core areas, attenuated by adjustment for PM2.5, and HRs showed limited spatial variation by climatic zone. In the CanCHEC cohort, exposure to higher road density and proximity to major traffic roads was associated with increased mortality risk from cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, COPD, respiratory disease, and lung cancer, with unclear results for diabetes.
Sabit Cakmak; Chris Hebbern; Jennifer Vanos; Dan Crouse; Michael Tjepkema. Exposure to traffic and mortality risk in the 1991–2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC). Environment International 2019, 124, 16 -24.
AMA StyleSabit Cakmak, Chris Hebbern, Jennifer Vanos, Dan Crouse, Michael Tjepkema. Exposure to traffic and mortality risk in the 1991–2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC). Environment International. 2019; 124 ():16-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabit Cakmak; Chris Hebbern; Jennifer Vanos; Dan Crouse; Michael Tjepkema. 2019. "Exposure to traffic and mortality risk in the 1991–2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC)." Environment International 124, no. : 16-24.