A series of novel Bi ₂ O ₂ CO ₃ /polypyrrole/g-C ₃ N ₄ nanocomposites loaded with different contents of g-C ₃ N ₄ was demonstrated for recyclable photocatalysis and nonlinear optical applications.

Liver transplantation is an important therapeutic option for patients with life-limiting liver disease, which may present in the form of acute liver failur

Ammonia (NH₃) is considered a promising zero-carbon fuel and was extensively studied recently. Mixing high-reactivity oxygenated fuels such as dimethyl ether (DME) or dimethoxymethane (DMM) with ammonia is a realistic approach to overcome the low reactivity of NH₃. To study the combustion characteristics of NH₃/DMM and NH₃/DME mixtures, we constructed a NH₃/DMM chemical mechanism and tested its accuracy using measured laminar burning velocity (LBV) and ignition delay time (IDT) of both NH₃/DMM and NH₃/DME mixtures from the literature. The kinetic analysis of NH₃/DMM flames using this mechanism reveals that the CH₃ radicals generated from the oxidation of DMM substantially affects the oxidation pathway of NH₃ at an early stage of flame propagation. We investigated the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) in NH₃/DMM and NH₃/DME flames and little difference can be found in the NO_x emissions. Using NH₃/DMM flames as an example, the peak NO_x emissions are located at an equivalence ratio ($\phi$) of 0.9 and a DMM fraction of 40% in the conditions studied. Kinetic analysis shows that NO_x emission is dominated by NO, which primarily comes from fuel nitrogen of NH₃. The addition of DMM at 40% significantly promotes the reactive radical pool (e.g., H, O, and OH) while the maintaining a high concentration of NO precursors (e.g., HNO, NO_2, and N₂O), which results in a high reaction rate of NO formation reaction and subsequently generates the highest NO emissions.

To improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide, a novel nanocomposite was prepared via axial coordination of zinc porphyrin on the semiconducting titanium dioxide surface modified with axial coordinating ligand functionality, pyridine. The obtained product (zinc porphyrin/titanium dioxide) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was investigated by photodegradation of rhodamine B in aqueous solution. The attached zinc porphyrin on the surface can act as a small bandgap semiconductor to absorb visible light, resulting in the formation of electron–hole separation and an improved photocatalytic activity for the nanocomposite.