This comprehensive review investigates the transformative potential of sensor-driven digital twin technology in enhancing healthcare delivery within smart environments. We explore the integration of smart environments with sensor technologies, digital health capabilities, and location-based services, focusing on their impacts on healthcare objectives and outcomes. This work analyzes the foundational technologies, encompassing the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI), that underpin the functionalities within smart environments. We also examine the unique characteristics of smart homes and smart hospitals, highlighting their potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery through remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, and real-time data sharing. The review presents a novel solution framework leveraging sensor-driven digital twins to address both healthcare needs and user requirements. This framework incorporates wearable health devices, AI-driven health analytics, and a proof-of-concept digital twin application. Furthermore, we explore the role of location-based services (LBS) in smart environments, emphasizing their potential to enhance personalized healthcare interventions and emergency response capabilities. By analyzing the technical advancements in sensor technologies and digital twin applications, this review contributes valuable insights to the evolving landscape of smart environments for healthcare. We identify the opportunities and challenges associated with this emerging field and highlight the need for further research to fully realize its potential to improve healthcare delivery and patient well-being.

Three-dimensional (3D) developments of land, such as complex high-rises, put enormous pressure on current land administration systems that have ad hoc approaches to 3D property management. These approaches are unable to support effective 3D storage, analysis and visualisation of property information. Effective visualisation is one of the essential components in realisation of a truly 3D cadastre. Currently, several 3D visualisation applications and cadastral prototypes have been developed around the world. However, they do not effectively represent ownership information in 3D because they have not been developed based on 3D cadastral visualisation requirements. After candidate 3D visualisation solutions were compared with user-derived visualisation criteria, a web-based 3D visualisation prototype was designed and developed. The functionality, usability and efficiency of the prototype were evaluated by potential users involved in the registration and management of property. While there was a high level of enthusiasm for the features of the prototype, the results also suggest further directions for development of 3D cadastral visualisation. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.Restricted Access: Metadata Onl

Cities are facing dramatic challenges due to population growth and the massive development of high-rises and complex structures, both above and below the ground surface. Decision-makers require access to an efficient land and property information system, which is digital, three-dimensional (3D), spatially accurate, and dynamic containing interests in land (rights, restrictions and responsibilities—RRRs) to manage the legal and physical complexities of urban environments. However, at present, building subdivision workflows only support the two-dimensional (2D) building subdivision plans in PDF or image formats. These workflows result in a number of issues, such as the plan preparation being complex, the examination process being labor intensive and requiring technical expertise, information not being easily reusable by all subdivision stakeholders, queries, analyses, and decision-making being inefficient, and the RRRs interpretation being difficult. The aim of this research is to explore the potential of using Building Information Modelling (BIM) and its open standards to support the building subdivision workflows. The research that is presented in this paper proposes a BIM-driven building subdivision workflow, evaluated through a case study in the state of Victoria, Australia. The results of the study confirmed that the proposed workflow could provide a feasible integrated mechanism for stakeholders to share, document, visualize, analyze, interpret, and reuse 3D digital cadastral data over the lifespan of a building subdivision project.

Building Information Models (e.g., IFC) and virtual 3D city models (e.g., CityGML) are revolutionising the way we manage information about our cities. However, the main focus of these models is on the physical and functional characteristics of urban properties and facilities, which neglects the legal and ownership aspects. In contrast, cadastral data models, such as the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), have been developed for legal information management purposes and model legal objects such as ownership boundaries without providing correspondence to the object’s physical attributes. Integration of legal and physical objects in the virtual 3D city and cadastral models would maximise their utility and flexibility to support different applications that require an integrated resource of both legal and physical information, such as urban space management and land development processes. The aim of this paper is to propose a data model that supports both legal and physical information of urban environments. The methodology to develop this data model is to extend the core cadastral data model and integrate urban features into the data model. The outcome of the research can be utilised to extend the current data models to increases their usability for different applications that require both legal and physical information.