The purpose of this study is to expand and deepen research in the field of safety production, explore the role of enterprises as decision-making entities in safety production, analyze the role of different types of decision-making behaviors in the process of enterprise safety production, and provide certain theoretical guidance for multi-agent decision-making in safety production. By summarizing and comparing the existing dual system of supply chain safety management, this study proposes dividing supply chain safety management into the two categories of safety organization and safety research and development (safety R&D) in the context of digitalization. Differential equations are established to describe a two-level supply chain safety management problem including manufacturers and suppliers. The research results show that, compared with the Nash equilibrium, when there are strong manufacturers involved in safety management cooperation, the manufacturer's safety R&D subsidy to suppliers improves the total revenue of the supply chain. When the manufacturer's safety organization supervision efficiency is high, the Stackelberg equilibrium is lower. It is a Pareto improvement for the manufacturer to supervise the supplier's safety organization to the Nash equilibrium. In the case of dual safety cooperation in the supply chain, when there are strong manufacturers, R&D subsidies have a crowding out effect on the safety organization cooperation. Finally, based on the example analysis, relevant suggestions are put forward for supply chain safety management.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the interactions within the intellectual property pledge financing framework involving SMBMEs, banks, and third-party intermediaries, focusing on factors that promote sustainable cooperation. Methods: The research employs an evolutionary game model to simulate and analyze strategic interactions among the stakeholders, considering bounded rationality and asymmetric information. Results: Key findings include the positive correlation between SMBMEs’ reputation and timely repayment, the adverse effects of patent devaluation on cooperation, and the reasonable loan interest rates for facilitating GPPFG cooperation. The study also highlights the need for a transparent information platform and reasonable breach of contract compensation. Conclusions: The paper concludes that an efficient GPPFG mechanism is crucial for SMBMEs’ financial support and green transformation. It suggests that third-party intermediaries play a significant role in risk reduction and innovation facilitation. The study acknowledges limitations and calls for future research to explore technological innovations and improve intermediary service systems for SMBMEs’ sustainable development.

In the context of China’s swift urbanization and heightened sustainability challenges, SMCEs in the construction industry play a critical role in driving both economic growth and sustainable development. This pioneering study introduces an integrative approach blending sustainability-oriented strategies (SSs) with financing guarantees, addressing key obstacles faced by these firms. Leveraging a multi-agent computational model, we dissect the dynamic interplay among construction SMCEs, governmental bodies, financial institutions, and guarantors, underscoring the transformative impact of financing guarantees on sustainable advancement. Our investigation reveals that optimally structured financing guarantees not only resolve funding challenges but also actively foster adherence to sustainability practices. This dual functionality positions such financial instruments as key enablers of SMCEs’ quest for sustainability, aligning economic objectives with ecological imperatives. Furthermore, we spotlight the transformative effect of strategic management on elevating SMCEs’ commitment to sustainable operations. Collectively, these insights offer actionable pathways for SMCEs embarking on sustainability endeavors, showcasing innovative financial solutions that do not detract from their economic prosperity.

From the perspective of symbiosis theory, collaborative work safety governance in industrial parks can be understood as a dynamic multi-actor symbiotic system jointly composed of the park management committee, leading enterprises, and small and medium-sized enterprises. To examine how reciprocal symbiosis among multiple actors affects system-level safety performance and sustainable operation, this study develops a differential game model in which the work safety level of the industrial park evolves dynamically over time. The model comparatively analyzes the work safety efforts, discounted payoffs of symbiotic units, and the overall work safety level of the park under different decision-making mechanisms and reciprocal symbiosis modes. The results show that: (1) under the leading-enterprise-dominated mode, as the coefficient of work safety resource sharing increases, the overall work safety level of the park correspondingly improves; however, once this coefficient exceeds a certain threshold, it becomes unfavorable to the further growth of the leading enterprise’s own benefit; (2) under the park-management-committee-led mode, as the cost-sharing coefficient increases, the overall work safety level of the park continues to improve, but an excessively high cost-sharing coefficient weakens the incentive for the park management committee to increase its benefit; and (3) under certain conditions, the leading-enterprise-dominated mode, the park-management-committee-led mode, and the deep collaboration mode can all improve both the park’s work safety level and the discounted payoffs of symbiotic units, but the deep collaboration mode performs best in enhancing the overall work safety level and the total system payoff. Compared with the park-management-committee-led mode, the leading-enterprise-dominated mode is more sensitive in its impact on the total payoff of the industrial park. These findings indicate that sustainable work safety improvement in industrial parks cannot rely solely on increasing governance inputs or on the actions of a single actor. Instead, it requires a system-wide balance among safety performance, economic efficiency, resource-sharing sustainability, and the long-term stability of collaborative relationships. The study provides a system-oriented theoretical basis for optimizing reciprocal symbiosis mechanisms and promoting the sustainable development of industrial parks.