Diabetes mellitus represents a complicated metabolic condition marked by ongoing hyperglycemia arising from impaired insulin secretion, inadequate insulin action, or a combination of both. Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a significant contributor to the aetiology of diabetes, affecting various metabolic processes critical for glucose homeostasis. This review aims to elucidate the complex link between mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes, covering the spectrum of diabetes types, the role of mitochondria in insulin resistance, highlighting pathophysiological mechanisms, mitochondrial DNA damage, and altered mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Additionally, it discusses the clinical implications and complications of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes and its complications, diagnostic approaches for assessing mitochondrial function in diabetics, therapeutic strategies, future directions, and research opportunities.

The article contains datasets built on a baseline study on the selected physicochemical parameters and Water Quality Index of Ubogo and Egini Rivers, Delta State, for a period of six months, spanning the time frame between February - July, 2010. Within this space, six stations were shared equally among the two rivers using the three communities they flow through as guide, and water samples were collected on monthly basis from these stations. The objectives include determination of the spatial variations and background concentrations of the selected physicochemical parameters. Sixteen physicochemical parameters were analyzed in the water. Current velocity, air and water temperature were determined in-situ; the rest physicochemical parameters were determined via adopting standard methods. Apart from turbidity, the values of the rest physical parameters - air and water temperature, TDS showed significant difference (p < 0.05) across the stations.

African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) is a multipurpose leguminous tree species of nutritional and pharmacological value. The plant is widely distributed in Africa and across Nigeria's major agroecological areas (AEAs). Amidst declining cultivation and production, P. biglobosa is genetically threatened in its natural habitats due to overexploitation, deforestation, wildfires and lack of improved tree management practices. Consequently, concerted research efforts directed towards germplasm collection and assessment of genetic relationships are imperative for conserving its genetic resources, sustainable management and selecting promising landraces for breeding programmes. The dataset presents rbcL intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure of 62 P. biglobosa landraces in Nigeria. A relatively high level of diversity and a low degree of nucleotide variability was observed among the landraces. Relatively high values of 642 total allele sites, 601 polymorphic sites, 504 parsimony information sites, 883 total number mutations, 9 haplotypes and 0.55 gene diversity were recorded for the sequence dataset. Low values of 0.35 nucleotide diversity and 5 InDels events were also recorded for the dataset. The gene flow in this dataset demonstrated an extensive exchange of genes between the three populations of P. biglobosa, which influenced the level of genetic differentiation (Gst) between the populations. Significantly low Gst (-0.01) was recorded between the Guinea and Sudan savannah populations, a moderate value (0.03) was recorded between the Sudan savannah and Rainforest populations and a higher Gst value (0.05) was recorded between the Guinea and Rainforest populations. The dataset highlights potential evolutionary dynamics that might influence variations relevant to the breeding and conservation of P. biglobosa in Nigeria and across its range in West and Central Africa.

Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme crucial for breaking down fats through hydrolysis, and inhibiting it is important for managing obesity. This study evaluated the lipase inhibitory profile of the leaf (SALE) and vine (SAVE) of Secamone afzelii, explored the modes of inhibition, identified the primary compounds responsible for this effect, and examined their molecular interactions with lipase using in vitro and in silico techniques. SALE (IC50: 0.41 ± 0.02 mg/mL) exhibited higher lipase inhibitory activity compared to SAVE (IC50: 0.95 ± 0.05 mg/mL), although it was significantly lower than orlistat (IC50: 0.07 ± 0.00 mg/mL) across all concentrations. S. afzelii extracts inhibited lipase activity through an uncompetitive mode of inhibition. Gas chromatography-mas spectroscopy identified 54 and 47 compounds in SALE and SAVE, respectively, with 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid and 4S,6R-dimethyl-7R-hydroxynonan-3-one identified as the most abundant compounds in both extracts. The binding energy of the top five ligands from S. afzelii ranged from −7.7 to −6.6 kcal/mol, outperforming that of orlistat (−4.4 kcal/mol). The ligands and orlistat had similar binding poses stabilised by hydrogen and π interactions with CYS299, SER301, CYS304, ASN425 and VAL426. These compounds were predicted to possess promising pharmacokinetic, lipophilic and hydrophilic properties. These results offer insights into the traditional use of S. afzelii for treating obesity and valuable information on potential drug candidates that can be optimised for combating this disease.