Aim: To illustrate the expression profile of transfer RNA-derived fragments and reveal their putative role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract (DC) rats. Materials & methods: Small RNA sequenc...

To compare the postoperative visual outcomes and quality of vision obtained with 2 types of diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with highly myopic cataracts. Prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Patients with high-myopic cataracts were randomized to binocular implantation of either the TFNT00 (n = 27) or the 839 MP (n = 28) trifocal IOLs at 3 surgery centers in China and were followed up for 1 year. Postoperative uncorrected distance, uncorrected intermediate, and uncorrected near visual acuity, and best-corrected distance visual acuity were measured. The defocus curve, high-order aberrations, modulation transfer function curve, Strehl ratio, and reading ability were compared between both groups. The functional vision and incidence of photic phenomena were surveyed using questionnaires. Visual acuity at all ranges of vision was significantly improved in both groups. The TFNT00 group showed superior uncorrected intermediate visual acuity to that in the 839 MP group (P = .013). Reading ability at 40 and 60 cm was similar in both groups (P ≥ .05), whereas the preferred reading distances for near and intermediate were significantly different. The TFNT00 group had a significantly higher mean Visual Function Index 14 score, lower incidence of photic phenomena, and less posterior capsular opacity than the 839 MP group. Bilateral implantation of both types of trifocal IOLs in patients with high-myopic cataracts provided good whole-course visual restoration, although recognition of fine Chinese characters remained impeded. As compared with 839 MP IOL, TFNT00 IOL resulted in greater patient satisfaction in intermediate activities, with a lower photic phenomena incidence.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and complications of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification (CPS) in patients with prior pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ears, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Design: Prospective randomized controlled cohort study. Method: According to the Lens Opacity Classification System III, cataract patients with nucleus grade 3 to 6 after prior PPV were randomized to 2 groups (FLACS or CPS). Endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Intraoperative parameters and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: 86 eyes (45 and 41 in the FLACS and CPS groups, respectively) were included and analyzed, among which 43 had hard nuclei (grade 5 or 6). Cumulative dissipated energy was lower and ultrasound time was shorter among FLACS patients with hard nuclei (P < .001). CDVA was similar in both groups at the final visit (P > .05). ECD decreased in both groups but was lower among CPS patients with hard nuclei throughout the follow-up period (P < .05). CCT had returned to preoperative levels at the final visit in both groups; however, eyes with hard cataract in the FLACS group recovered sooner. No serious complications occurred in either group. Conclusions: FLACS is beneficial in improving surgical safety and providing quicker visual rehabilitation in vitrectomized eyes with hard nuclear cataracts.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the quality and readability of patient education on congenital cataracts provided by Google, ChatGPT, and clinical doctors. Given the rarity of congenital cataracts and the need for accessible, accurate information for parents, we sought to evaluate the platforms’ effectiveness in delivering relevant health information.Methods and analysis: We developed two question banks related to congenital cataracts from different sources. Responses from Google, ChatGPT, and two doctors were evaluated across five criteria: correctness, completeness, readability, helpfulness, and safety. An ophthalmologist panel used a five-point Likert scale to score these responses. The readability of responses was also assessed using passage and readability statistics, with additional readability enhancements applied to ChatGPT responses.Results: The ChatGPT responses demonstrated similar quality to those from experienced doctors, particularly excelling in readability, which was enhanced further with simplification techniques. Resident doctors provided the most readable doctor responses, while Google results scored the lowest across all five evaluative criteria. Post-enhancement, ChatGPT responses showed significant improvements in readability and maintained response quality.Conclusion: ChatGPT is a promising tool for delivering accessible, accurate information on congenital cataracts, especially for populations with lower health literacy. This study underscores the value of AI in healthcare education for rare conditions and highlights the need for consulting multiple information sources for comprehensive health guidance. ChatGPT, with readability enhancements, stands out as a particularly effective resource for public health information on congenital cataracts.

Purpose. To investigate the benefits of multifocal lens in patients with high myopic cataract and compare the clinical effects between AT LISA tri 839MP and MPlus LS-313 MF30 intraocular lenses (IOLs) in high myopic eyes. Methods. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 60 eyes with axial length >26 mm in 40 patients. Thirty eyes were implanted with MF30, and the remaining 30 eyes were implanted with 839MP. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), defocus curve, modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, Strehl ratio (SR), and complications were compared between the two groups. Results. All vision outcomes were significantly improved in both groups ( ). There was no significant between-group difference in UDVA at 1 and 3 months postoperatively ( ). However, UIVA and UNVA were significantly better in the 839MP group ( ). The VF-14 score, especially for near vision quality, was significantly higher in the MF30 group (2.2 ± 0.9 vs. 0.8 ± 0.7; ). The SR of both groups significantly increased postoperatively ( ). All the 3-month MTF curve values (MTF 10 total, MTF 10 internal, MTF 30 total, and MTF 30 internal) were significantly better in the 839MP group ( ). Meanwhile, all the high-order aberration values (coma, spherical aberration, and trefoil) were significantly greater in the MF30 group ( ). Conclusion. Multifocal IOL implantation achieves good quality of distance, intermediate, and near vision in patients with high myopia, improving their quality of life. Both 839MP and MF30 IOLs can provide good distance vision, but 839MP performs better in near and intermediate vision. However, for some patients with an extra-long optic axis, MF30 may be a good choice because of its wider range of degrees.

Alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) is considered critical for the maintenance of lens transparency and is related to the pathogenesis of age-related cataracts (ARCs), especially the nuclear subtype. As the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) modulates gene expression, the purpose of current study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5′ UTR of CRYAA were associated with susceptibility to ARC in a Han Chinese population and to clarify the mechanism of this association. SNPs in the 5′ UTR (−1 to −1000) of CRYAA were identified in 243 nuclear ARC patients and 263 controls using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated and compared between two groups. Haploview 4.2 was used to calculate the linkage disequilibrium index, and the SHEsis analysis platform was used to infer haplotype construction. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used for transcription of CRYAA in the presence of a protective haplotype with individual SNP alteration, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was employed to determine whether SNPs regulated CRYAA expression by altering the binding affinity of transcription factors. Three polymorphisms were identified in the 5′ UTR of CRYAA: rs3761381 (P = 0.000357, odds ratio [OR] = 1.837), rs13053109 (P = 0.788, OR = 1.086), and rs7278468 (P = 0.00136, OR = 0.652). The haplotype C-G-T (P = 0.0014, OR = 1.536) increased the risk of nuclear ARC, whereas the haplotype T-G-G (P = 0.00029, OR = 0.535) decreased the risk. The haplotype C-G-T decreased CRYAA transcription through rs7278468, which is located in the binding site of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Furthermore, the G allele of rs7278468 increased CRYAA transcription by enhancing the binding affinity of Sp1. These data indicate that the CRYAA polymorphism is a genetic marker of inter-individual differences in the risk of nuclear ARC.